【考研类试卷】工程硕士(GCT)英语-300及答案解析.doc

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1、工程硕士(GCT)英语-300 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Its all annual back-to-school routine. One morning you wave goodbye, and that (1) evening youre burning the late-night oil in sympathy. In the race to improve educational standards, (2) are throwing the books at kids. (3)

2、 elementary school students are complaining of homework (4) Whats a well-meaning parent to do?As hard as (5) may he, sit back and chill, experts advise. Though youve got to get them to do it, (6) helping too much, or even examining (7) too carefully, you may keep them (8) doing it by themselves. “I

3、wouldnt advise a parent to check every (9) assignment,“ says psychologist John Rosemond, author of Ending the Tough Homework. “Theres a (10) of appreciation for trial and error. Let your children (11) the grade they deserve. “ Many experts believe parents should gently look over the work of younger

4、children and ask them to rethink their (12) . But “you dont want them to feel it has to be (13) ,“ she says.Thats not to say parents should (14) homework-first, they should monitor how much homework their kids (15) . Thirty minutes a day in the early elementary years and an hour in (16) four, five,

5、and six is standard, says Rosemond. For junior-high students it should be “ (17) more than an hour and a half,“ and two for high school students. If your child (18) has more homework than this, you may want to check (19) other parents and then talk to the teacher about (20) assignments.（分数：10.00）(1)

6、.A. very B. exact C. right D. usual（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(2).A. officials B. parents C. experts D. schools（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(3).A. Also B. Even C. Then D. However（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(4).A. fatigue B. confusion C. duty D. puzzle（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(5).A. there B. we C. they D. it（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(6).A. via B. un

7、der C. by D. for（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(7).A. questions B. answers C. standards D. rules（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(8).A. off B. without C. beyond D. from（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(9).A. single B. piece C. page D. other（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(10).A. drop B. short C. cut D. lack（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(11).A. acquire B. earn C. gather D.

8、 reach（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(12).A. exercises B. defects C. mistakes D. tests（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(13).A. perfect B. better C. unusual D. complete（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(14).A. forget B. refuse C. miss D. ignore（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(15).A. have B. prepare C. make D. perform（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(16).A. classes B. groups C.

9、 grades D. terms（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(17).A. about B. no C. much D. few（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(18).A. previously B. rarely C. merely D. consistently（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(19).A. with B. in C. out D. up（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(20).A. finishing B. lowering C. reducing D. declining（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0

10、，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Scholars and students have always been great travellers. The official case for “academic mobility“ is now often stated in impressive terms as a fundamental necessity for economic and social progress in the world, and debated in the corridors of

11、 Europe, but it is certainly nothing new. Serious students were always ready to go abroad in search of the most stimulating teachers and the most famous academies; in search of the purest philosophy, the most effective medicine, the likeliest road to gold.Mobility of this kind meant also mobility of

12、 ideas l their transference across frontiers, their simultaneous impact upon many groups of people. The point of learning is to share it, whether with students or with colleagues; one presumes that only eccentrics have no interest in being credited with a startling discovery, or a new technique. It

13、must also have been reassuring to know that other people in other parts of the world were about to make the same discovery or were thinking along the same lines, and that one was not quite alone, confronted by inquisition, ridicule or neglect.In the twentieth century, and particularly in the last 20

14、 years, the old footpaths of the wandering scholars have become vast highways. The vehicle which has made this possible has of course been the aeroplane, making contact between scholars even in the most distant places immediately feasible, and providing for the very rapid transmission of knowledge.A

15、part from the vehicle itself, it is fairly easy to identify the main factors which have brought about the recent explosion in academic movement. Some of these are purely quantitative and require no further mention: there are far more centres of learning, and a far greater number of scholars and stud

16、ents.In addition one must recognise the very considerable multiplication of disciplines, particularly in the sciences, which by widening the total area of advanced studies has produced an enormous number of specialists whose particular interests are precisely defined. These people would work in some

17、 isolation if they were not able to keep in touch with similar isolated groups in other countries.Frequently these specialisations lie in areas where very rapid developments are taking place, and also where the research needed for developments is extremely costly and takes a long time. It is precise

18、ly in these areas that the advantages of collaboration and sharing of expertise appear most evident. Associated with this is the growth of specialist periodicals, which enable scholars to become aware of what is happening in different centres of research and to meet each other in conferences and sym

19、posia. From these meetings come the personal relationships which are at the bottom of almost all formalized schemes of cooperation, and provide them with their most satisfactory stimulus.But as the specialisations have increased in number and narrowed in range, there had been an opposite movement to

20、wards interdisciplinary studies. These owe much to the belief that one cannot properly investigate the incredibly complex problems thrown up by the modern world, and by recent advances in our knowledge along the narrow front of a single discipline. This trend has led to a great deal of academic cont

21、act between disciplines, and a far greater emphasis on the pooling of specialist knowledge, reflected in the broad subjects chosen in many international conferences.（分数：10.00）(1).According to the passage, scholars and students are great travellers because_.A standards are higher at foreign universit

22、iesB their governments encourage them to travelC salaries and conditions are better abroadD they are eager for new knowledge（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The writer says that travel was important in the past because it_.A was a way of spreading ideas B broke down political barriersC led to economic progress

23、D made new ideas less schooling（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The writer claims that it is important for specialists to be able to travel because_.A there are so many people working in similar fieldsB there is a lot of social unrest at universitiesC their follow experts are scattered round the worldD their la

24、boratories are in remote places（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).The writer thinks that the growth of specialist societies and periodicals has helped scholars to _.A spend less time travelling B cut down research costsC develop their ideas more quickly D keep up with current developments（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Deve

25、lopments in international cooperation are often, it is suggested, the result of_.A friendships formed by scholars at meetingsB articles in learned journalsC the work of international agenciesD programs initiated by governments（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Genghis Khan was not one to agoni

26、ze over gender roles. He was into sex and power, and he didnt mind saying so. “The greatest joy a man can know is to conquer his enemies and drive them before him.“ The emperor once thundered. Genghis Khan conquered two thirds of the known world during the early 13th century and he may have set an a

27、ll-time record for what biologists call reproductive success. An account written 33 years after his death credited him with 20,000 descendants.Mens manners have improved markedly since Genghis Khans day. At heart, though, were the same animals we were 800 years ago, which is to say we are status see

28、kers. We may talk of equality and fraternity. We may strive for classless societies. But we go right on building hierarchies, and jockeying for status within them. Can we abandon the tendency? Probably not. As scientists are now discovering, status seeking is not just a habit or a cultural tradition

29、. Its a design feature of the male psyche-a biological drive that is rooted in the nervous system and regulated by hormones and brain chemicals.How do we know this relentless one-upmanship is a biological endowment? Anthropologists find the same pattern virtually everywhere they 10ok and so do zoolo

30、gists. Male competition is fierce among crickets, crayfish and elephants, and its ubiquitous among higher primates, for example, male chimpanzees have an extraordinarily strong drive for dominance. Coincidence?Evolutionists dont think so. From their perspective, life is essentially a race to repro-d

31、uke, and natural selection is bound to favor different strategies in different organisms. In reproductive terms, they have vastly more to gain from it. A female cant flood the gene pool by commandeering extra mates; no matter how much sperm she attracts, she is unlikely to produce more than a dozen

32、viable offspring. But as Genghis Khans exploits make clear, males can profit enormously by out mating their peers. Its not hard to see how that dynamic, played out over millions of years, would leave modern men fretting over status. Were built from the genes that the most determined competitors pass

33、ed down.Fortunately, we dont aspire to families of 800. As monogamy and contraceptives may have leveled the reproductive playfield, power has become its own psychological reward. Those who achieve high status still enjoy more sex with more partners than the rest of us, and the reason is no mystery.

34、Researchers have consistently found that women favor signs of “earning capacity“ over good looks. For sheer sex appeal, a doughy (脸色苍白的) bald guy in a Rolex will outscore a stud (非常英俊的男子) in a Burger King uniform almost every time.（分数：10.00）(1).Genghis Khan is mentioned in the text to showA that he

35、is a man who enjoys great victory m possessing land.B the astonishing number of his offspring in the world.C how cruel and arrogant an emperor can be in the past.D males have a long history of craving for power.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).By saying “At heart, though, were the same animals we were 800 years

36、 ago. the author means thatA males have not changed a lot in their pursuit of status.B males are always willing to conquer large areas of land.C males are still striving hard for equality and classless societies.D males are still agonizing over their gender roles.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).It can be infer

37、red from the third paragraph thatA men are the only animals striving for control.B chimpanzees are even more fierce in their strive for dominance.C all mate animals share the same desire for higher status.D males of lower primates do not have fierce competition.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).The reason underl

38、ying male dominance tendency in evolution terms seems to be closely related toA the biological differences of organisms.B the availability of large number of females.C the mating patterns of females.D the natural desire to produce offspring.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Why a doughy bald guy in a blue blazer

39、 and a Rolex will outscore a handsome young man in a Burger King uniform?A Because the bald guy in Rolex is more experienced than the stud in a Burger King uniform.B Because women love fashionable bald guy more than a man wearing uniform.C Because a doughy bald guy is more sexy to some women than a

40、handsome young man.D Because a Rolex represents larger earning capacity than a uniform.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)If men are from Mars and women are from Venus, it may explain at least one of their shared beliefs: Men and women cant be real friends. Many may point to the jealousy that

41、plagues many rational people when a significant other befriends someone of the opposite sex. Boil it down to the inherent differences between the sexes. It just cant be done. Is it right?Wrong, say relationship experts. “The belief that men and women cant be friends comes from another era in which w

42、omen were at home and men were in the workplace, and the only way they could get together was for romance,“ explains Linda Sapadin, Ph. D, a psychologist in private practice in Valley Stream, New York. “Now they work together and have sports interests together and socialize together.“ This cultural

43、shift is encouraging psychologists, sociologists and communications experts to put forth a new message: though it may be tricky, men and women can successfully become close friends. Whats more, there are good reasons for them to do so.Society has long singled out romance as the prototypical male-fem

44、ale relationship because it spawns babies and keeps the life cycle going; cross-sex friendship, as researchers call it, has been either ignored or trivialized. We have rules for how to act in romantic relationships (flirt, date, get married, have kids) and even same-sex friendships (boys relate by d

45、oing activities together, girls by talking and sharing). But there are so few platonic male-female friendships on display in our culture that were at a loss even to define these relationships.A certain 1989 film starring Meg Ryan and Billy Crystal convinced a nation of moviegoers that romance always

46、 comes between men and women, making true friendship impossible. “When Harry Met Sally set the potential for male-female friendship back about 25 years,“ says Michael Monsour, Ph. D., assistant professor of communications at the University of Colorado at Denver and author of Women and Men as Friends

47、: Relationships across the Life Span in the 21st Century. “Almost every time you see a male-female friendship, it winds up turning into romance.“In 1989, Don OMeara, Ph. D., a sociology professor at the University of Cincinnati-Raymond Walters College, published a landmark study in the journal Sex R

48、oles on the top impediments to cross-sex friendship. Among several challenges he pointed out in his research, society may not be entirely ready for friendships between men and women that have no sexual subtext. People with close friends of the opposite sex are often barraged with nudging, winking an

49、d skepticism: “Are you really just friends?“ This is especially true, says OMeara, of older adults, who grew up when men and women were off-limits to each other until marriage.（分数：10.00）(1).What does the word “befriends“ (Line 3, Para. 1 ) most probably mean?A Stop being friends with.B Go on a date with.C Become friends with.D Have a fancy or particular liking or desire for.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).What do some relationship experts think about male-fem