【考研类试卷】工程硕士(GCT)英语-182及答案解析.doc

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1、工程硕士(GCT)英语-182 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Vocabulary an(总题数：10，分数：20.00)1.The girl will not become a nurse because she will faint at the _ of blood.（分数：2.00）A.visionB.eyesC.sightD.view2.After a few rounds of talks, both sides regarded the territory dispute _.（分数：2.00）A.being settledB.to be s

2、ettledC.had settledD.as settled3.The relationship between employers and employees has been studied _.（分数：2.00）A.originallyB.extremelyC.violentlyD.intensively4.He came all the way to China for promoting friendship _ for making money.（分数：2.00）A.other thanB.more thanC.better thanD.rather than5.Problems

3、 common to most countries include the social, economic _ problems.（分数：2.00）A.and politicsB.and with governmentC.of governmentD.and political6._, I wrote a letter to Henry Ford and told him what happened.（分数：2.00）A.DesperateB.DespiteC.InspiringD.Exciting7.He was a person who would stand up for what h

4、e thought right, _.（分数：2.00）A.whatever the cost is to himselfB.what the cost to himself might beC.no matter whatever the cost is to himselfD.however the cost to himself is8.You cant be _ careful in making the decision as it was such a critical case.（分数：2.00）A.veryB.quiteC.tooD.so9.He is _ of a music

5、ian.（分数：2.00）A.anybodyB.anyoneC.somethingD.somebody10.Over a third of the population was estimated to have no _ to the health service.（分数：2.00）A.assessmentB.assignmentC.exceptionD.access二、Part Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、11-15(总题数：1，分数：10.00)It is hard to track the blue whale, the oceans largest c

6、reature, which has almost been killed off by commercial whaling and is now listed as an endangered species. Attaching radio devices to it is difficult, and visual sightings are too unreliable to give real insight into its behavior.So biologists were delighted early this year when with the help of th

7、e Navy they were able to track a particular blue whale for 33 days monitoring its sounds. This was possible because of the Navys formerly top-secret system of underwater listening devices spanning the oceans.Tracking whales is but one example of an exciting new world just opening to civilian scienti

8、sts after the cold war as the Navy starts to share and partly uncover its global network of underwater listening system built over the decades to track the ships of potential enemies.Earth scientists announced at a news conference recently that they had used the system for closely monitoring a deep-

9、sea volcanic eruption (爆发) for the first time and that they plan similar studies. Other scientists have proposed to use the network for tracking ocean currents and measuring changes in ocean and global temperatures.The speed of sound in water is roughly one mile a second-slower than through land but

10、 faster than through air. What is most important, different layers of ocean water can act as channels for sounds, focusing them in the same way a stethoscope (听诊器)does when it carries faint noises from a patients chest to a doctors ear. This focusing is the main reason that even relatively weak soun

11、ds in the ocean, especially low-frequency ones, can often travel thousands of miles.（分数：10.00）(1).The passage is chiefly about _.（分数：2.00）A.an effort to protect an endangered marine speciesB.the civilian use of a military detection systemC.the exposure of a U.S. Navy top-secret weaponD.a new way to

12、look into the behavior of blue whales(2).The underwater listening system was originally designed _.（分数：2.00）A.to trace and locate enemy vesselsB.to monitor deep-sea volcanic eruptionsC.to study the movement of ocean currentsD.to replace the global radio communications network(3).The deep-sea listeni

13、ng system makes use of _.（分数：2.00）A.the sophisticated technology of focusing sounds under waterB.the capability of sound to travel at high speedC.the unique property of layers of ocean water in transmitting soundD.low-frequency sounds travelling across different layers of water(4).It can be inferred

14、 from the passage that _.（分数：2.00）A.new radio devices should be developed for tracking the endangered blue whalesB.blue whales are no longer endangered with the use of the new listening systemC.opinions differ as to whether civilian scientists should be allowed to use military technologyD.military t

15、echnology has great potential in civilian use(5).Which of the following is true about the U.S. Navy underwater listening network?（分数：2.00）A.It is now partly accessible to civilian scientists.B.It has been replaced by a more advanced system.C.It became useless to the military after the cold war.D.It

16、is indispensable in protecting endangered species.四、16-20(总题数：1，分数：10.00)President Coolidges statement, “The business of America is business,“ still points to an important truth today- that business institutions have more prestige (威望) in American society than any other kind of organization, includi

17、ng the government. Why do business institutions possess this great prestige?One reason is that Americans view business as being more firmly based on the ideal of competition than other institutions in society. Since competition is seen as the major source of progress and prosperity by most Americans

18、, competitive business institutions are respected. Competition is not only good in itself, it is the means by which other basic American values such as individual freedom, equality of opportunity, and hard work are protected.Competition protects the freedom of the individual by ensuring that there i

19、s no monopoly (垄断) of power. In contrast to one, all-powerful government, many businesses compete against each other for profits. Theoretically, if one business tries to take unfair advantage of its customers, it will lose to competing business which treats its customers more fairly. Where many busi

20、nesses compete for the customers dollar, they cannot afford to treat them like inferiors or slaves.A contrast is often made between business, which is competitive, and government, which is a monopoly. Because business is competitive, many Americans believe that it is more supportive of freedom than

21、government, even though government leaders are elected by the people and business leaders are not. Many Americans believe, then, that competition is as important, or even more important, than democracy in preserving freedom.Competition in business is also believed to strengthen the ideal of equality

22、 of opportunity.Competition is seen as an open and fair race where success goes to the swiftest person regardless of his or her social class background. Competitive success is commonly seen as the American alternative to social rank based on family background. Business is therefore viewed as an expr

23、ession of the idea of equality of opportunity rather than the aristocratic (贵族的) idea of inherited privilege.（分数：10.00）(1).The statement “The business of America is business“ probably means _.（分数：2.00）A.The business institutions in America are concerned withB.Business problems are of great importanc

24、e to the American governmentC.Business is of primary concern to AmericansD.America is a great power in world business(2).Americans believe that they can realize their personal values only _.（分数：2.00）A.when given equality of opportunityB.through doing businessC.by protecting their individual freedomD

25、.by way of competition(3).Who can benefit from business competition?（分数：2.00）A.Honest businessmenB.Both businessmen and their customersC.People with ideals of equality and freedomD.Both business institutions and government(4).Government is believed to differ strikingly from business in that governme

26、nt is characterized by _.（分数：2.00）A.its absolute control of powerB.its function in preserving personal freedomC.its role in protecting basic American valuesD.its democratic way of exercising leadership(5).It can be inferred from the passage that the author believes _.（分数：2.00）A.Americans are more am

27、bitious than people in other countriesB.in many countries success often depends on ones social statusC.American businesses are more democratic than those in other countriesD.businesses in other countries are not as competitive as those in America五、21-25(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Not too many decades ago it see

28、med “obvious“ both to the general public and to sociologists that modern society has changed peoples natural relations, loosened their responsibilities to kin (亲戚) and neighbors, and substituted in their place superficial relationships with passing acquaintances. However, in recent years a growing b

29、ody of research has revealed that the “obviousness“ is not true. It seems that if you are a city resident, you typically know a smaller proportion of your neighbors than you do if you are a resident of a smaller community. But, for the most part, this fact has few significant consequences. It does n

30、ot necessarily follow that if you know few of your neighbors you will know no one else.Even in very large cities, people maintain close social ties within small, private social worlds. Indeed, the number and quality of meaningful relationships do not differ between more and less urban people. Small-

31、town residents are more involved with kin than big-city residents. Yet city dwellers compensate by developing friendships with people who share similar interests and activities. Urbanism may produce a different style of life, but the quality of life does not differ between town and city. Nor are res

32、idents of large communities any likelier to display psychological symptoms of stress or alienation, a feeling of not belonging, than are residents of smaller communities. However, city dwellers do worry more about crime, and this leads them to a distrust of strangers.These findings do not imply that

33、 urbanism makes little or no difference. If neighbors are strangers to one another, they are less likely to sweep the sidewalk of an elderly couple living next door or keep an eye out for young troublemakers. Moreover, as Wirth suggested, there may be a link between a communitys population size and

34、its social heterogeneity (多样性). For instance, sociologists have found that the size of a community is associated with bad behavior including gambling, drugs, etc. Large-city urbanites are also more likely than their small-town counterparts to have a cosmopolitan (见多识广者的) outlook, to display less res

35、ponsibility to traditional kinship roles, to vote for leftist political candidates, and to be tolerant of nontraditional religious groups, unpopular political groups, and so-called undesirables. Everything considered, heterogeneity and unusual behavior seem to be outcomes of large population size.（分

36、数：10.00）(1).Which of the following statements best describes the organization of the first paragraph?（分数：2.00）A.Two contrasting views are presented.B.An argument is examined and possible solutions given.C.Research results concerning the quality of urban life are presented in order of time.D.A detail

37、ed description of the difference between urban and small-town life is given.(2).According to the passage, it was once a common belief that urban residents _.（分数：2.00）A.did not have the same interests as their neighborsB.could not develop lone-standing relationshipsC.tended to be associated with bad

38、behaviorD.usually had more friends(3).One of the consequences of urban life is that impersonal relationships among neighbors _.（分数：2.00）A.disrupt peoples natural relationsB.make them worry about crimeC.cause them not to show concern for one anotherD.cause them to be suspicious of each other(4).It ca

39、n be inferred from the passage that the bigger a community is, _.（分数：2.00）A.the better its quality of lifeB.the more similar its interestsC.the more tolerant and open-minded it isD.the likelier it is to display psychological symptoms of stress(5).What is the passage mainly about?（分数：2.00）A.Similarit

40、ies in the interpersonal relationships between urbanites and small-town dwellers.B.Advantages of living in big cities as compared with living in small towns.C.The positive role that urbanism plays in modem life.D.The strong feeling of alienation of city inhabitants.六、26-30(总题数：1，分数：10.00)According t

41、o a survey, which was based on the responses of over 188,000 students, todays traditional-age college freshmen are “more materialistic and less altruistic (利他主义的)“ than at any time in the 17 years of the poll.Not surprising in these hard times, the students major objective “is to be financially well

42、 off. Less important than ever is developing a meaningful philosophy of life“. It follows then that today the most popular course is not literature or history but accounting.Interest in teaching, social service and the “altruistic“ fields is at a low. On the other hand, enrollment in business progra

43、ms, engineering and computer science is way up.Thats no surprise either. A friend of mine (a sales representative for a chemical company) was making twice the salary of her college instructors her first year on the job- even before she completed her two-year associate degree.While its true that we a

44、ll need a career, it is equally true that our civilization has accumulated an incredible amount of knowledge in fields far removed from our own and that we are better for our understanding of these other contributions-be they scientific or artistic. It is equally true that, in studying the diverse w

45、isdom of others, we learn how to think. More important, perhaps, education teaches us to see the connections between things, as well as to see beyond our immediate needs.Weekly we read of unions who went on strike for higher wages, only to drive their employer out of business. No company; no job. Ho

46、w shortsighted in the long run!But the most important argument for a broad education is that in studying the accumulated wisdom of the ages, we improve our moral sense. I saw a cartoon recently which shows a group of businessmen looking puzzled as they sit around a conference table; one of them is t

47、alking on the intercom (对讲机): “Miss Baxter,“ he says, “could you please send in someone who can distinguish right from wrong?“From the long-term point of view, thats what education really ought to be about.（分数：10.00）(1).According to the authors observation, college students _.（分数：2.00）A.have never b

48、een so materialistic as todayB.have never been so interested in the artsC.have never been so financially well off as todayD.have never attached so much importance to mutual sense(2).The students criteria for selecting majors today have much to do with _.（分数：2.00）A.the influences of their instructors

49、B.the financial goals they seek in lifeC.their own interpretations of the coursesD.their understanding of the contributions of others(3).By saying “While its true that., be they scientific or artistic“ (Lines 1-3, Par（分数：2.00）A.5) the author means that _.A. business management should be included in educational programsB. human wisdom has accumulated at an extraordinarily high speedC. human intellectual development has reached new heightsD. the imp