【考研类试卷】工程硕士(GCT)英语-135及答案解析.doc

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1、工程硕士(GCT)英语-135 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Vocabulary an(总题数：10，分数：20.00)1.He insisted that all of them_present at the banquet.（分数：2.00）A.areB.wereC.beD.are to2.A thorough study of biology requires_with the properties of trees and plants, and the habit of birds and beasts.（分数：2.00）A.acquisiti

2、onB.discriminationC.curiosityD.familiarity3.Ted Robinson_these days.（分数：2.00）A.was worriedB.is worriedC.had been worriedD.has been worded4.It is necessary that an efficient worker_his work on time.（分数：2.00）A.accomplishesB.can accomplishC.accomplishD.has accomplished5.The returns in the short _ may b

3、e small, but over a number of years the investment will be well repaid.（分数：2.00）A.intervalB.rangeC.spanD.term6.She had her finger_when she was cutting paper.（分数：2.00）A.cutB.cuttingC.to cutD.Cuts7.This material_well.（分数：2.00）A.wearsB.is wornC.wornD.is wearing8.There were many people present and he ap

4、peared only for a few seconds, so I only caught a_of him.（分数：2.00）A.glanceB.glimpseC.lookD.sight9.The machine needs a complete_since it has been in use for over ten years.（分数：2.00）A.amendingB.fittingC.mendingD.renovating10.I dont think its wise of you to_your greater knowledge in front of the direct

5、or, for it may offend him.（分数：2.00）A.show upB.show outC.show inD.show off二、Part Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)Community cancer clusters are viewed quite differently by citizen activists than by epidemiologists. Environmentalists and concerned local residents, for instance, might immediately suspect en

6、vironmental radiation as the culprit when a high incidence of cancer cases occurs near a nuclear facility. Epidemiologists, in contrast, would be more likely to say that the incidences were “inconclusive“ or the result of pure chance. And when a breast cancer survivor, Lorraine Pace, mapped 20 breas

7、t cancer cases occurring in her West Islip, Long Island, community, her rudimentary research efforts were guided more by hope that a specific environmental agent could be correlated with the cancers than by scientific method.When epidemiologists study clusters of cancer cases and other noncontagious

8、 conditions such as birth defects or miscarriage, they take several variables into account, such as background rate (the number of people affected in the general population), cluster size, and specificity (any notable characteristics of the individual affected in each case). If a cluster is both lar

9、ge and specific, it is easier for epidemiologists to assign blame. Not only must each variable be considered on its own, but it must also be combined with others. Lung cancer is very common in the general population. Yet when a huge number of cases turned up among World War II shipbuilders who had a

10、ll worked with asbestos, the size of the cluster and the fact that the men had had similar occupational asbestos exposures enabled epidemiologists to assign blame to the fibrous mineral.Although several known carcinogens have been discovered through these kinds of occupational or medical clusters, o

11、nly one community cancer cluster has ever been traced to an environmental cause. Health officials often discount a communitys suspicion of a common environmental cause because citizens tend to include cases that were diagnosed before the afflicted individuals moved into the neighborhood. Add to this

12、 the problem of cancers latency. Unlike an infectious disease such as cholera, which is caused by a recent exposure to food or water contaminated with the cholera bacterium, cancer may have its roots in an exposure that occurred 10 to 20 years earlier.Do all these caveats mean that the hard work of

13、Lorraine Pace and other community activists is for nothing? Not necessarily. Together with many other reports of breast cancer clusters on Long Island, the West Islip situation highlighted by Pace has helped epidemiologists lay the groundwork for a well designed scientific study.（分数：10.00）(1).The “h

14、ope“ mentioned in Paragraph 1 refers specifically to Paces desire to_.（分数：2.00）A.help reduce the incidence of breast cancer in future generationsB.improve her chances of surviving breast cancerC.determine the cause responsible for her own breast cancer caseD.identify a particular cause for the breas

15、t cancer cases in West Islip(2).The case of the World War II shipbuilders with lung cancer is an example of_.（分数：2.00）A.an occupational clusterB.a medical clusterC.a radiation clusterD.an environmental cluster(3).The passage suggests that the fact that “only one community cancer cluster bas ever bee

16、n traced to all environmental cause“ (in the third paragraph) is most likely due to the_.（分数：2.00）A.methodological difficulties in analyzing community cancer clustersB.reluctance of epidemiologists to investigate environmental factors in cancerC.lack of credibility of citizen activists in claiming t

17、o have identified cancer agentsD.effectiveness of regulations restricting the use of carcinogens in residential areas(4).Activists may mistakenly consider a particular incidence of cancer as part of a community cluster despite the fact that_.（分数：2.00）A.the affected individual never worked with any c

18、arcinogenic materialB.the cancer was actually caused by a long-ago exposureC.the size of the cluster is too small to be meaningfulD.the cancer actually arose in a different geographic location(5).The word “caveats“ (in the last paragraph) refers to_.（分数：2.00）A.refusals by epidemiologists to examine

19、the work of Pace and other activistsB.potential flaws in amateur studies of cancer clusterC.warnings by activists concerning environmental dangers in their communitiesD.tendencies of activists to assume environmental causes for cancerMy parents house had an attic, the darkest and strangest part of t

20、he building, reachable only by placing a stepladder beneath the trapdoor, and filled with unidentifiable articles too important to be thrown out with the trash but no longer suitable to have at hand. This mysterious space was the memory of the place. After many years all the things deposited in it b

21、ecame, one by one, lost to consciousness. But they were still there, we knew, safely and comfortably stored in the tissues of the house.These days most of us live in smaller, more modem houses or in apartments, and attics have vanished. Even the deep closets in which we used to pile things up for te

22、mporary forgetting are rarely designed into new homes. Everything now is out in the open, openly acknowledged and displayed, and whenever we grow tired of a memory, an old chair, a trunkful of old letters, they are cast into the dump for burning.This has seemed a healthier way to live, except maybe

23、for the smoke everything out to be looked at, nothing strange hidden under the roof, nothing forgotten because of no place left in impenetrable darkness to forget. Openness is the new lifestyle, no undisclosed belongings, no private secrets. Candor is the role in architecture. The house is a machine

24、 for living, and what kind of machine would hide away its worn-out, deserted parts?But it is in our nature as human beings to clutter, and we long for places set aside, reserved for storage. We tend to accumulate and outgrow possessions at the same time, and it is an endlessly discomforting mental t

25、ask to keep sorting out the ones to get rid of. We might, we think, remember them later and find a use for then, and if they are gone for good, off to the damp, this is a source of nervousness. I think it may be one of the reasons we drum our fingers so much these days.We might take a lesson here fr

26、om what has been learned about our brains in this century. We thought we discovered, first off, the attic, although its existence has been mentioned from time to time by all the people we used to call great writers. What we really found was the trapdoor and a stepladder, and off we clambered, shinin

27、g flashlights into the comers, vacuuming the dust out of bureau drawers, puzzling over the names of objects, tossing them down to the floor below, and finally paying around fifty dollars an hour to have them cast away for burning.（分数：10.00）(1).Which of the following might be the best title for the p

28、assage?（分数：2.00）A.The Attic of the Brain.B.Openness of the Modem Lifestyle.C.Modem Houses and Old Houses.D.The Attic of My Parents Hous(2).When comparing the new lifestyle with the old one, the author seems to assume a tone of_.（分数：2.00）A.admiration for the new lifestyleB.regret for the loss of the

29、old lifestyleC.a contempt for the new lifestyleD.appreciation for both lifestyles(3).The word “candor“ in the third sentence of the third paragraph probably means_.（分数：2.00）A.simplicityB.sophisticationC.opennessD.immensity(4).According to the author, it is human nature to_.（分数：2.00）A.keep accumulati

30、ng and classifying new thingsB.search for new uses for old thingsC.set aside old things and reserve themD.disclose private secrets(5).The author implies in the last paragraph that_.（分数：2.00）A.it is not necessary to spend so much money studying the brainB.we have uncovered all the secrets about our b

31、rainsC.we are too eager to search every comer of our lifeD.modem buildings can still be constructed with the desired atticsDoctors at Stanford University are studying a medication they hope will alleviate the suffering of millions of American women. But their target isnt breast cancer, osteoporosis,

32、 or a similarly well-known affliction. Despite its alarming impact on its victims, the malady in question has received comparatively little medical scrutiny. Its a “hidden epidemic,“ according to the Stanford researchers: compulsive shopping disorder.Thats fight. What was once merely a punch line in

33、 television sitcoms is now being taken seriously by many clinicians. According to the Stanford studys leader, Dr. Lorrin Koran, compulsive shopping is “motivated by irresistible impulses, characterized by spending that is excessive and inappropriate, has harmful consequences for the individual, and

34、tends to be chronic and stereotyped. “Compulsive shoppers “binge buy“most often clothes, shoes, makeup, and jewelryand then suffer intense guilt. That, in mm, helps trigger another frenzied trip to the mall, and the cycle continues.Could compulsive shopping be a health hazard associated with America

35、s unparalleled economic prosperity? “It seems to be a disease of affluence,“ says Dr. Jerrold Pollak, a clinical psychologist whos treated several shopaholics. “Advertiserswould like us to think that shopping is a reason to live,“ agrees Dr. Cheryl Carmin, another clinical psychologist. “If you do n

36、ot have the time or inclination to go to the mall or grocery store, there are catalogs, delivery services, home shopping networks on TV, and endless items to buy via the Internet.“ Indeed, this year, U.S.advertisers will spend $233 billionan amount equal to six federal education budgetsto persuade A

37、mericans to buy, buy, buy.Yet the possibility that U.S.advertisers may be driving certain women in our society to psychosis is only part of the story. It seems that the pharmaceutical companies quest to cure the effects of excessive marketing may itself be little more than a cleverly-disguised marke

38、ting scheme. The Stanford study, like many of its kind, is being funded by a pharmaceutical company. The undisclosed drag is an FDA-approved antidepressant, specifically an SSRI-a selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitor (The researchers are also studying behavioral therapies for compulsive shoppers)

39、.The researchers running the Stanford study refused to reveal their sponsor. However, only five SSRIs are currently on the U.S.market. Pfizer(makers of Zolofi), Eli Lilly(Prozac) and SmithKline Beecham(Paxil) all reported that they are neither conducting nor planning any studies of their drags for c

40、ompulsive shopping. Solvay (Luvox) also seems an unlikely candidate. In 1997, researchers at the University of Iowa tried using Luvox to treat compulsive shoppers and found no measurable differences between the effects of the drag and those of a placebo. Perhaps the manufacturers of Luvox want to gi

41、ve their product another shot. More likely, however, the mysterious benefactor of the Stanford Study is Forest Pharmaceuticals(Celexa). Their PR department neither confirmed nor denied any involvement in Korans study.Why would a pharmaceutical company anonymously spend money to license one of its to

42、p-selling drugs for a marginal disorder like compulsive shopping? A big part of the answer is profit. The mystery company presumably hopes to carve a unique slice out of the mental disorder pie in order to market it together with a ready-made treatment. This is not at all a new strategy for the worl

43、ds mammoth pharmaceutical finns, as David Healy, a professor at the University of Wales College of Medicine, explains in his book “The Anti-Depressant Im.“ Healys book describes a process by which companies seek to “educate“ both patients and clinicians about a new disorder, to sell the disorder in

44、preparation for selling its cure. Funding clinical trials is a crucial part of that process.（分数：10.00）(1).We learn at the beginning of the passage that _.（分数：2.00）A.doctors at Stanford University are testing a new dragB.the consequences of compulsive shopping are minimalC.compulsive shopping disorde

45、r has not received enough attention from the medical communityD.unlike breast cancer or osteoporosis, compulsive shopping disorder defies treatment(2).Which of the following is true of compulsive shopping disorder?（分数：2.00）A.It is a disease that tends to get worse and worse.B.It is a disease that af

46、flicts a large part of the female population.C.It is a disease that lasts for a short period of time.D.It is a disease that is inheritabl(3).The manufacturer of which of the following SSRIs is most possibly the sponsor the Stanford study?（分数：2.00）A.ZolofiB.ProzacC.LuvoxD.Celexa(4).We can infer from

47、the passage that a study of a medication by researchers will_.（分数：2.00）A.improve the quality of the medicationB.cut the cost of the medicationC.raise the publics awareness of the condition the medication is supposed to cureD.encourage the pharmaceutical company to manufacture new medications(5).The

48、author would most likely agree with which of the following statements?（分数：2.00）A.Advertising is responsible for compulsive shopping disorder.B.Pharmaceutical companies counteract the effects advertisers who persuade Americans to binge buy.C.Pharmaceutical companies are to blame for compulsive shoppi

49、ng disorder.D.Pharmaceutical companies are every bit as marketing-oriented as advertisers.The fear of Americanization of the planet is more ideological paranoia (多疑) than reality. There is no doubt that, with globalization, English has become the general language of our time, as was Latin in the Middle Ages. And it will continue its ascent, since it is an indispensable instrument for international transactions and communication. But does this mean that English