【考研类试卷】GCT工程硕士（英语）-试卷59及答案解析.doc

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1、GCT工程硕士（英语）-试卷 59及答案解析(总分：134.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Vocabulary and Struc(总题数：11，分数：22.00)1.Part I Vocabulary and StructureDirections: There are ten incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your a

2、nswer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.（分数：2.00）_2.Dinner will be ready_, but we still have time for a drink.（分数：2.00）A.finallyB.currentlyC.presentlyD.lately3.It is said that the_of some of the state-owned companies can“t meet their expenditure.（分数：2.00）A.taxesB.creditsC.rev

3、enuesD.deficits4.They worked together and so_the task in a month.（分数：2.00）A.carried outB.carried throughC.carried onD.carried off5.The FBI arrived in time to prevent the_of the secret documents.（分数：2.00）A.transmissionB.transformationC.transportationD.translation6.Banking and financial systems filled

4、 with_and corruption hinder the region“s Success.（分数：2.00）A.briberyB.managementC.mismanagementD.mismanaging7.He_the danger that doesn“t exist.（分数：2.00）A.forever imaginesB.is forever imaginingC.imagines foreverD.forever is imagining8.The point is worth_.（分数：2.00）A.being mentionedB.mentioningC.to ment

5、ionD.mentioned9.The firm decided after a board meeting that the old machinery in the factories_with.（分数：2.00）A.do awayB.would be done awayC.should do awayD.should be done away10.I got a headache. Otherwise I_to the lecture.（分数：2.00）A.would goB.would have goneC.wentD.have11.It“s high time that the gi

6、rl_sent to school.（分数：2.00）A.wereB.wasC.beD.is to be二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：5，分数：50.00)12.Part II Reading ComprehensionDirections: In this part there are four passages, each followed by five questions or unfinished statements. For each of them, there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose

7、 the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.（分数：10.00）_Today cognitive theorists empirically study the impact of feelings on cognitive processes such as memory and judgment and also the reciprocal influence of cognition on emotion. However, evolutiona

8、ry theorists view emotion as a powerful source of motivationan internal communication that something must be done. For example, when people are threatened, they fed fear, which in turn leads them to deal with the threatening situation through either fight or flight. Emotions and drives may also oper

9、ate in tandem to motivate action, as when excitement accompanies sexual arousal. From an evolutionary perspective, different emotions serve different functions. Fear facilitates flight in the face of danger; disgust prevents ingestion me potentially toxic substances such as rotting meat. An emotion

10、that is less well understood is jealousy. Why do people become jealous in intimate sexual relationships? One series of studies tested evolutionary hypotheses about differences in the concerns men and women have about their partners“ fidelity. Since females can have only a limited number of children

11、during their lifetimes, to maximize their reproductive success they should be motivated to form relationships with males who have resources and will contribute them to their offspring. Indeed, cross-cultural evidence demonstrates that one of the main mate selection criteria used by females around th

12、e world is male resources. From a female“s point of view, then, infidelity accompanied by, emotional commitment to the other woman is a major threat to resources. A man unlikely to divert resources from his mate and her offspring to a casualling, but the risk increases dramatically if he becomes emo

13、tionally involved and perhaps considers switching long-term partners. Hence, a woman“s jealousy would be expected to focus on her mate“s emotional commitment to another female. For males, the situation is different. If a male commits himself to an exclusive relationship with a female, he must be cer

14、tain that the offspring in whom he is investing are his own. Since he cannot be sure of paternity, the best he can do is to prevent his mate from copulating with any other males. In males, then, jealousy would be expected to focus less on the female“s emotional commitment or resources and more on he

15、r tendency to give other males sexual access. Indeed, in species “ranging from insects to humans, males take extreme measures to prevent other males from inseminating their mates. In humans, male sexual jealousy is the leading cause of homicides and of spouse battering cross-culturally.（分数：10.00）(1)

16、.This passage discusses the_approach to human emotions.（分数：2.00）A.evolutionaryB.cognitiveC.psychologicalD.economic(2).Evolutionary theorists view emotion as all of the following except_.（分数：2.00）A.cognitive processesB.a source of motivationC.something promoting actionD.serving various functions(3).T

17、he idea presented in 2nd paragraph can be best described as_.（分数：2.00）A.realisticB.materialisticC.ironicalD.offspring-oriented(4).According to the evolutionary perspective, women“s jealousy ultimately stems from_.（分数：2.00）A.concern over their husbands“ reproductive abilityB.fear that their husbands“

18、 resources would be threatenedC.their husbands“ divided attention to them and their offspringD.their emotional instability resulting from their husbands“ infidelity(5).According to this passage, a man“ jealousy is mainly focused on_.（分数：2.00）A.a concern over their wives“ resourcesB.the fatherhood of

19、 the offspring to whom he is investingC.their mates“ emotional commitmentD.the legitimacy of their marriageIn 1993, New York State ordered stores to charge a deposit on beverage (饮料) containers. Within a year, consumers had returned millions of aluminum cans and glass and plastic bottles. Plenty of

20、companies were eager to accept the aluminum and glass as raw materials for new products, but because few could figure out what to do with the plastic, much of it wound up buried in landfills(垃圾填埋场). The problem was not limited to New York. Unfortunately, there were too few uses for second-hand plast

21、ic. Today, one out of five plastic soda bottles is recycled(回收利用) in the United States. The reason for the change is that now there are dozens of companies across the country buying discarded plastic soda bottles and turning them into fence posts, paint brushes, etc. As the New York experience shows

22、, recycling involves more than simply separating valuable materials from the rest of the rubbish. A discard remains a discard until somebody figures out how to give it a second lifeand until economic arrangements exist to give that second life value. Without adequate markets to absorb materials coll

23、ected for recycling, throwaways actually depress prices for used materials. Shrinking landfill space, and rising costs for burying and burning rubbish are forcing local governments to look more closely at recycling. In many areas, the East Coast especially, recycling is already the least expensive w

24、aste-management option. For every ton of waste recycled, a city avoids paying for its disposal, which, in parts of New York, amounts to savings of more than $100 per ton. Recycling also stimulates the local economy by creating jobs and trims the pollution control and energy costs of industries that

25、make recycled products by giving them a more refined raw material.（分数：10.00）(1).What regulation was issued by New York State concerning beverage containers?_.（分数：2.00）A.Beverage companies should be responsible for collecting and reusing discarded plastic soda bottles.B.Throwaways should be collected

26、 by the state for recycling.C.A fee should be charged on used containers for recycling.D.Consumers had to pay for beverage containers and could get their money back on returning them.(2).The returned plastic bottles in New York used to_.（分数：2.00）A.end up somewhere undergroundB.be turned into raw mat

27、erialsC.have a second life valueD.be separated from other rubbish(3).The key problem in dealing with returned plastic beverage containers is_.（分数：2.00）A.to sell them at a profitable priceB.how to turn them into useful thingsC.how to reduce their recycling costsD.to lower the prices for used material

28、s(4).Recycling has become the first choice for the disposal of rubbish because_.（分数：2.00）A.local governments fred it easy to manageB.recycling has great appeal for the joblessC.recycling causes little pollutionD.other methods are more expensive(5).It can be concluded from the passage that_.（分数：2.00）

29、A.rubbish is a potential remedy for the shortage of raw materialsB.local governments in the U.S. can expect big profits from recyclingC.recycling is to be recommended both economically and environmentallyD.landfills will still be widely used for waste disposalInternet is a global network that connec

30、ts other computer networks, together with software and protocols for controlling the movement of data. The Internet, often referred to as “the Net“, was initiated in 1969 by a group of universities and private research groups funded by the US Department of Defense. It now covers almost every country

31、 in the world. Its organization is informal and deliberately nonpolitical its controllers tend to concentrate on technical aspects rather than on administrative control. The Internet offers users a number of basic services including data transfer, electronic mail, and the ability to access informati

32、on in remote databases. A notable feature is the existence of user groups, which allow people to exchange information and debate specific subjects of interest. In addition, there are a number of high-level services. For example, MBONE allows the transmission of messages to more than one destination.

33、 It is used in videoconferencing. The World Wide Web, known as “the Web“, is another high level Internet service, developed in the 1990s in Geneva. It is a service for distributing multimedia information, including graphics, pictures, sounds, and video as well as text. A feature of the World Wide We

34、b is that it allows links to other related documents elsewhere on the Internet. Documents for publication on the Web are presented in a form known as HTML (Hyper Text Markup Language). This allows a specification of the page layout and typography as it will appear on the screen. It also allows the i

35、nclusion of active links to other documents. Generally, these appear on the screen display as highlighted text or as additional icons. Typically, the user can use a mouse to “click“ on one of these points to load and view a related document. Many commercial and public organizations now have their ow

36、n Web site (specified by an address code) and publish a “home page“, giving information about the organization. Up to the mid 1990s, the major users of the Internet were academic and research organizations. This has begun to change rapidly with individual home users linking in through commercial acc

37、ess providers and with a growing interest by companies in using the Internet for publicity, sales, and as a medium for electronic publishing. At the same time, there are problems with the flow of information across national borders, bringing in debates about copyright protection, data protection, th

38、e publication of pornography, and ultimately political control and censorship.（分数：10.00）(1).From the first paragraph, we learn that the Internet_.（分数：2.00）A.was initiated by the U.S.Department of Defense in 1969B.was only able to connect computers into networks at its beginningC.has not any kind of

39、organization behind it at allD.works independently of any governmental control(2).Access to remote information_.（分数：2.00）A.is a high level service provided by the InternetB.is the most notable feature with the InternetC.is a basic function performed by the InternetD.can only be achieved by the Inter

40、net(3).It can be inferred that the development of HTML prepared the way for_.（分数：2.00）A.even farther information transferB.online commercial promotionsC.academic usesD.distributing multimedia information(4).Which of the following is not a problem brought in by the popularization of the Internet?（分数：

41、2.00）A.Difficulty in inspecting the content of publications.B.Difficulty in protecting copyright across national borders.C.Difficulty in promoting sales of superior products.D.The possibility that potentially harmful content may be published.(5).This passage focuses on_.（分数：2.00）A.the instructions f

42、or the Internet usersB.the historical development of the InternetC.the kinds of data transferred through the InternetD.the problems brought about the InternetWe can see how the product life cycle works by looking at the introduction of instant coffee. When it was introduced, most people did not like

43、 it as well as “regular“ coffee and it took several years to gain general acceptance (introduction stage). At one point, though, Instant coffee grew rapidly in popularity and many brands were introduced (stage of rapid growth). After a while people became attached to one brand and sales leveled off

44、(stage of maturity). Sales went into a slight decline(衰退)when freeze-dried coffees were introduced (stage of decline). The importance of the product life cycle to marketers is this: Different stages in the product life cycle call for different strategies. The goal is to extend product life so that s

45、ales and profits do not decline. One strategy is called market modification. It means that marketing managers look for new users and market sections. Did you know, for example, that the backpacks that so many students carry today were originally designed for the military? Market modification also me

46、ans searching for increased usage among present customers or going for a different market, such as senior citizens. A marketer may re-position the product to appeal to new market sections. Another product extension Strategy is called product modification. It involves changing product quality, featur

47、es, or style to attract new users or more usage from present users. American auto manufacturers are using quality improvement as one way to recapture world markets. Note, also, how auto manufacturers once changed styles dramatically from year to year to keep demand from falling.（分数：10.00）(1).Accordi

48、ng to the passage, when people grow fond of one particular brand of a product, its sales will_.（分数：2.00）A.decrease graduallyB.remain at the same levelC.become unstableD.improve enormously(2).The first paragraph tells us that a new product is_.（分数：2.00）A.not easily accepted by the publicB.often inferior to old ones at firstC.often more expensive than old onesD.usually introduced to satisfy different tastes(3).Marketers need to know which of the four stages a product is in so as to_.（分数：2.00）A.promote its productionB.work out marketing policiesC.speed up its life cycleD.increase i