【考研类试卷】2019年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语二真题及答案解析.doc

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1、2019 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语二真题及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：180 分钟)一、Section I Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Weighing yourself regularly is a wonderful way to stay aware of any significant weight fluctuations. （ ） ,when done too often, this habit can sometimes hurt more than it （ ） .As for me, weighing myself every da

2、y caused me to shift my focus from being generally healthy and physically active to focusing （ ） on the scale. That was bad to my overall fitness goals. I had gained weight in the form of muscle mass, but thinking only of （ ） the number on the scale, I altered my training program. That conficted wit

3、h how I needed to train to （ ） my goals.I also found that weighing myself daily did not provide an accurate （ ） of the hard work and progress I was making in the gym. It takes about three weeks to a month to notice any significant changes in your weight （ ） altering your training program. The most （

4、 ） changes will be observed in skill level,strength and inches lostFor these （ ） , I stopped weighing myself every day and switched to a bimonthly weighing schedule （ ） . Since weight loss is not my goal, it is less important for meto（ ） my weight each week. Weighing every other week allows me to ob

5、serve and （ ） any significant weight changes. That tells me whether I need to （ ） my training program.I use my bimonthly weigh-in （ ） to get information about my nutrition as well. If my training intensity remains the same, but Im constantly （ ） and dropping weight, this is a （ ） that I need to incr

6、ease my daily caloric intake.The （ ） to stop weighing myself every day has done wonders for my overall health, fitness and well-being. Im experiencing increased zeal for working out since I no longer carry the burden of a （ ） morming weigh-in. Ive also experienced greater success in achieving my spe

7、cific ftness goals, （ ） Im training according to those goals, not the numbers on a scale.Rather than （ ） over the scale, turn your focus to how you look, feel how your clothes fit and your overall energy level.（分数：10.0）(1).（分数：0.5）A.ThereforeB.OtherwiseC.HoweverD.Besides(2).（分数：0.5）A.caresB.warnsC.r

8、educesD.helps(3).（分数：0.5）A.solelyB.occasionallyC.formallyD.initially(4).（分数：0.5）A.loweringB.explainingC.acceptingD.recording(5).（分数：0.5）A.setB.reviewC.reachD.modify(6).（分数：0.5）A.depictionB.distributionC.predictionD.definition(7).（分数：0.5）A.regardless ofB.aside fromC.along withD.due to(8).（分数：0.5）A.ri

9、gidB.preciseC.immediateD.orderly(9).（分数：0.5）A.judgmentsB.reasonsC.methodsD.claims(10).（分数：0.5）A.thoughB.againC.indeedD.instead(11).（分数：0.5）A.trackB.overlookC.concealD.report(12).（分数：0.5）A.approve ofB.hold ontoC.account forD.depend on(13).（分数：0.5）A.shareB.adjustC.confirmD.prepare(14).（分数：0.5）A.featur

10、esB.rulesC.testsD.results(15).（分数：0.5）A.anxiousB.hungryC.sickD.bored(16).（分数：0.5）A.secretB.beliefC.signD.principle(17).（分数：0.5）A.necessityB.decisionC.wishD.request(18).（分数：0.5）A.surprisingB.restrictingC.consumingD.disappointing(19).（分数：0.5）A.becauseB.unlessC.untilD.if(20).（分数：0.5）A.dominatingB.puzzl

11、ingC.triumphingD.obsessing二、Section II Reading C(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：4，分数：40.00)Text 1Unlike so-called basic emotions such as sadness, fear, and anger, guilt emerges a little later, in conjunction with a childs growing grasp of social and moral norms. Children arent born knowing how to say “I

12、m sorry”; rather, they learn over time that such statements appease parents and friends - and their own consciences. This is why researchers generally regard so-called moral guilt, in the right amount, to be a good thing.In the popular imagination, of course, guilt still gets a bad rap. It is deeply

13、 uncomfortable- its the emotional equivalent of wearing a jacket weighted with stones. Yet this understanding is outdated. “There has been a kind of revival or a rethinking about what guilt is and what role guilt can serve,” says Amrisha Vaish, a psychology researcher at the University of Virginia,

14、adding that this revival is part of a larger recognition that emotions arent binary - feelings that may be advantageous in one context may be harmful in another. Jealousy and anger, for example, may have evolved to alert us to important inequalities. Too much happiness can be destructive.And quilt ,

15、 by prompting us to think more deeply about our goodness, can encourage humans to make up for errors and fix relationships. Guilt, in other words, can help hold a cooperative species together. It is a kind of social glue.Viewed in this light, guilt is an opportunity. Work by Tina Malti , a psycholog

16、y professor at the University of Toronto ,suggests that guilt may compensate for an emotional deficiency. In a number of studies, Malti and others have shown that guilt and sympathy may represent different pathways to cooperation and sharing. Some Kids who are low in sympathy may make up for that sh

17、ortfall by experiencing more guilt, which can rein in their nastier impulses. And vice versa : High sympathy can substitute for low guilt.In a 2014 study, for example, Malti looked at 244 children. Using caregiver assessments and the childrens self-observations, she rated each childs overall sympath

18、y level and his or her tendency to feel negative emotions after moral transgressions. Then the kids were handed chocolate coins, and given a chance to share them with an anonymous child. For the low-sympathy kids, how much they shared appeared to turn on how inclined they were to feel guilty. The gu

19、ilt-prone ones share more, even though they hadnt magically become more sympathetic to the other childs deprivation.“Thats good news,” Malti says, “We can be prosocial because we caused harm and we feel regret.”（分数：10）(1).Researchers think that guilt can be a good thing because it may help _.（分数：2）A

20、.regulate a childs basic emotionsB.improve a childs intellectual abilityC.foster a childs moral developmentD.intensify a childs positive feelings(2).According to Paragraph 2, many people still consider guilt to be _.（分数：2）A.deceptiveB.burdensomeC.addictiveD.inexcusable(3).Vaish holds that the rethin

21、king about guilt comes from an awareness that _.（分数：2）A.emotions are context-independentB.emotions are socially constructiveC.emotional stability can benefit healthD.an emotion can play opposing roles(4).Malti and others have shown that cooperation and sharing _.（分数：2）A.may help correct emotional de

22、ficienciesB.can result from either sympathy or guiltC.can bring about emotional satisfactionD.may be the outcome of impulsive acts(5).The word “transgressions” (Line 4, Para. 5) is closest in meaning to _.（分数：2）A.TeachingsB.discussionsC.RestrictionsD.wrongdoingsText 2Forests give us shade, quiet and

23、 one of the harder callenges in the fight against climate change. Even as we humans count on forests to soak up a good share of the carbon dioxide we produce, we are threatening their ability to do so.The climate change we are hastening could one day leave us with forests that emit more carbon than

24、they absorb.Thankfully, there is a way out of this trap - but it involves striking a subtle balance. Helping forests flourish as valuable “carbon sinks“ long into the future may require reducing their capacity to absorb carbon now. Califormia is leading the way, as it does on so many climate efforts

25、, in figuring out the details.The states proposed Forest Carbon Plan aims to double efforts to thin out young trees and clear brush in parts of the forest. This temporarily lowers carbon-carrying capacity. But the remaining trees draw a greater share of the available moisture, so they grow and thriv

26、e, restoring the forests capacity to pull carbon from the air. Healthy trees are also better able to fend off insects. The landscape is rendered less easily burnable. Even in the event of a fire, fewer trees are consumed.The need for such planning is increasingly urgent. Already, since 2010,drought

27、and insects have killed over 100 million trees in California, most of them in 2016 alone, and wildfires have burned hundreds of thousands of acres.California plans to treat 35,000 acres of forest a year by 2020, and 60,000 by 2030 - financed from the proceeds of the state s emissions- permit auction

28、s. Thats only a small share of the total acreage that could benefit, about half a million acres in all, so it will be vital to prioritize areas at greatest risk of fire or drought.The strategy also aims to ensure that carbon in woody material removed from the forests is locked away in the form of so

29、lid lumber or burned as biofuel in vehicles that would otherwise run on fossil fuels. New research on transportation biofuels is already under way.State governments are well accustomed to managing forests, but traditionally theyve focused on wildlife, watersheds and opportunities for recreation. Onl

30、y recently have they come to see the vital part forests will have to play in storing carbon. Califormias plan, which is expected to be finalized by the governor next year, should serve as a model.（分数：10）(1).By saying “one of the harder challenges ,”the author implies that_.（分数：2）A.global climate cha

31、nge may get out of controlB.people may misunderstand global warmingC.extreme weather conditions may ariseD.forests may become a potential threat(2).To maintain forests as valuable “carbon sinks,“ we may need to_.（分数：2）A.preserve the diversity of species in themB.accelerate the growth of young treesC

32、.strike a balance among different plantsD.lower their present carbon-absorbing capacity(3).Californias Forest Carbon Plan endeavors to_.（分数：2）A.cultivate more drought-resistant treesB.reduce the density of some of its forestsC.find more effective ways to kill insectsD.restore its forests quickly aft

33、er wildfires(4).What is essential to Californias plan according to Paragraph 5?（分数：2）A.To handle the areas in serious danger first.B.To carry it out before the year of 2020.C.To perfect the emissions-permit auctions.D.To obtain enough financial support.(5).The authors attitude to Californias plan ca

34、n best be described as_.（分数：2）A.AmbiguousB.TolerantC.SupportiveD.cautiousText 3American farmers have been complaining of labor shortages for several years now. Given a multi-year decline in illegal immigration, and a similarly sustained pickup in the U.S. job market, the complaints are unlikely to s

35、top without an overhaul of immigration rules for farm workers.Efforts to create a more straightforward agricultural-workers visa that would enable foreign workers to stay longer in the U.S. and change jobs within the industry have so far failed in Congress. If this doesnt change, American businesses

36、, communities and consumers will be the losers.Perhaps half of U.S. farm laborers are undocumented immigrants. As fewer such workers enter the U.S., the characteristics of the agricultural workforce are changing. Todays farm laborers, while still predominantly born in Mexico, are more likely to be s

37、ettled, rather than migrating, and more likely to be married than single. They are also aging. At the start of this century, about one-third of crop workers were over the age of 35. Now, more than half are. And crop picking is hard on older bodies.One oft-debated cure for this labor shortage remains

38、 as implausible as it has been all along: Native U.S. workers wont be returning to the farm.Mechanization is not the answer either not yet at least. Production of corn, cotton, rice, soybeans and wheat have been largely mechanized, but many high-value, labor-intensive crops, such as strawberries, ne

39、ed labor. Even dairy farms, where robots currently do only a small share of milking, have a long way to go before they are automated.As a result, farms have grown increasingly reliant on temporary guest workers using the H-2A visa to fill the gaps in the agricultural workforce. Starting around 2012,

40、 requests for the visas rose sharply; from 2011 to 2016 the number of visas issued more than doubled.The H-2A visa has no numerical cap, unlike the H-2B visa for nonagricultural work, which is limited to 66,000 annually. Even so, employers frequently complain that they arent allotted all the workers

41、 they need. The process is cumbersome, expensive and unreliable. One survey found that bureaucratic delays led H-2A workers to arrive on the job an average of 22 days late. And the shortage is compounded by federal immigration raids, which remove some workers and drive others underground.In a 2012 s

42、urvey ，71 percent of tree-fruit growers and nearly 80 percent of raisin and berry growers said they were short of labor. Some western growers have responded by moving operations to Mexico. From 1998-2000, 14.5 percent of the fruit Americans consumed was imported. Little more than a decade later, the

43、 share of imported fruit had increased to 25.8 percent.In effect, the U.S. can import food or it can import the workers who pick it.（分数：10）(1).What problem should be addressed according to the first two paragraphs?（分数：2）A.Discrimination against foreign workers in the U.S.B.Biased laws in favor of so

44、me American businesses.C.Flaws in U.S. immigration rules for farm workers.D.Decline of job opportunities in U.S. agriculture.(2).One trouble with U.S. agricultural workforce is_.（分数：2）A.the rising number of illegal immigrantsB.the high mobility of crop workersC.the lack of experienced laborersD.the

45、aging of immigrant farm workers(3).What is the much-argued solution to the labor shortage in U.S. farming?（分数：2）A.To attract younger laborers to farm work.B.To get native U.S. workers back to farming.C.To use more robots to grow high-value crops.D.To strengthen financial support for farmers.(4).Agri

46、cultural employers complain about the H-2A visa for its _.（分数：2）A.slow granting proceduresB.limit on duration of stayC.tightened requirementsD.control of annual admissions(5).Which of the following could be the best title for this text?（分数：2）A.U.S. Agriculture in Decline?B.Import Food or Labor?C.Ame

47、rica Saved by Mexico?D.Manpower vs. Automation?Text 4Amold Schwarzenegger, Dia Mirza and Adrian Grenier have a message for you: Its easy to beat plastic. Theyre part of a bunch of celebrities starring in a new video for World Environment Day encouraging you, the consumer, to swap out your single-use

48、 plastic staples like straws and cutlery to combat the plastics crisis.The key messages that have been put together for World Environment Day do include a call for governments to enact legislation to curb single-use plastics. But the overarching message is directed at individuals.My concern with lea

49、ving it up to the individual, however, is our limited sense of what needs to be achieved. On their own, taking our own bags to the grocery store or quitting plastic straws, for example, will accomplish little and require very little of us. They could even be detrimental, satisfying a need to have “done our bit“ without ever progressing onto bigger, bolder, more effective actions a kind of “moral licensing“ that allays our concerns and stops us d