【学历类职业资格】英语词汇学自考题-30及答案解析.doc

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1、英语词汇学自考题-30 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、B(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.Idioms like “black sheep, new broom, a wet blanket, sit on the fence“ are examples of _. A. transfer B. metonymy C. metaphor D. simile（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.2.The salt of the earth is an example of _. A. simile B. metaphor C. metonymy D. synecdo

2、che（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.3.From cradle to grave is an example of _. A. simile B. metaphor C. synecdoche D. metonymy（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.4.Make(up) a purse is an idiom of _. A. simile B. metaphor C. synecdoche D. metonymy（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.5.The pot calls the cattle black is an example of _. A. metaphor B. pers

3、onification C. synecdoche D. euphemism（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.6._ involves substitution of names, either substituting part for the whole, or vice versa. A. Synecdoche B. Metonymy C. Euphemism D. Metaphor（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.7.The idiom “failure is the mother of success“ is a _ as far as figures of speech are c

4、oncerned. A. simile B. metaphor C. metonymy D. personification（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.8._ is used in the idiom “live by ones pen“. A. Metonymy B. Synecdoche C. Metaphor D. Personification（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.9._ refers to idioms in which the name of one thing is used for that of another associated with it. A.

5、Personification B. Euphemism C. Synecdoche D. Metonymy（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.10.The following are all variations of idioms, except _. A. replacement B. addition C. shortening D. repetition（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.11.In the idiom “in good feather“, we change “good“ into “high, full“ without changing meaning. This

6、change of constituent is known as _. A. addition B. replacement C. position-shifting D. variation（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.12.What figure of speech is applied in the following idioms? A world of trouble and a flood of tears._ A. hyperbole. B. metonymy. C. deletion. D. personification.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.13.The

7、change of idiom “velvet paws“ from the original form is _. A. replacement B. position-shifting C. addition D. shortening（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.14.Jack of all trades belong to which kind of variation of idioms?_ A. Replacement. B. Deletion. C. Shortening. D. Dismembering.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.15.The change of i

8、diom “A round peg in the squarest of holes“ from the original form is _. A. dismembering B. position-shifting C. addition D. shortening（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.二、B(总题数：18，分数：36.00)16.Idioms consist of set 1 and short sentences.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_17.The characteristics of idioms include semantic 1 and structura

9、l stability.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_18.In a broad sense, idioms may include colloquialisms, 1, slang expressions, proverbs, etc.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_19.The word order of idioms cant be 1 or changed.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_20.Due to structural 1 of idioms, the word order of the idiom “by twos and threes“ cannot be turned

10、 into “by threes and twos“.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_21.The characteristic of idioms 1 unity can be reflected by the understanding of such idiom as “rain cats and dogs.“（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_22.Many idioms are grammatically 1.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_23.Idioms nominal in nature have a noun as the 1 word in each idiom.（分数：2.

11、00）填空项 1:_24.Idioms may be classified into five groups by the criterion of 1 function.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_25.The fixity of idioms depends on the 1.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_26.The idiom “up in the air“ belongs to 1 idiom.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_27.As far as sentence types are concerned, they embrace declarative, interrog

12、ative, 1 and exclamative sentences.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_28.In terms of complexity sentence idioms can be further divided into simple, compound and 1 sentences.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_29.The same idiom may show 1 differences when it is assigned different meanings including affective meaning.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_30.Apa

13、rt from the stylistic features, idioms manifest apparent rhetorical coloring in such respects as of phonetic manipulation, 1 manipulation and figures of speech.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_31.Large numbers of idioms are used in their 1 meaning.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_32.Juxtaposition means 1 are used in forming idioms.（

14、分数：2.00）填空项 1:_33.When idioms are used in actual context, they do experience 1 changes such as different forms of verbs, agreement of personal pronouns and number and so on.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_三、B(总题数：3，分数：12.00)34.rhetoric characteristics of idioms（分数：4.00）_35.variations of idioms（分数：4.00）_36.replaceme

15、nt of idioms（分数：4.00）_四、B(总题数：7，分数：21.00)37.What is semantic unity of idioms?（分数：3.00）_38.What is the advantage of classifying idioms according to their grammatical functions?（分数：3.00）_39.How many types can idioms be classified?（分数：3.00）_40.What are phrasal verbs? What are the similarity and the dif

16、ference between a verb phrase and a phrasal verb?（分数：3.00）_41.What are the differences between metonymy and synecdoche?（分数：3.00）_42.Explain the variations of idioms.（分数：3.00）_43.Decide whether the following statement is true or false, based on your understanding of the stylistic features of idioms.

17、Stylistically speaking, most idioms are neither formal nor informal.（分数：3.00）_五、B(总题数：4，分数：16.00)44.He is as poor as a church mouse. Pick out the idiom in this sentence, then point out its structure, grammatical function and figure of speech.（分数：4.00）_45.For many weeks, I searched high and low to tr

18、y to find some females to go with them, but without success. Pick out the idiom in this sentence, then point out its structure, grammatical functions and rhetorical feature.（分数：4.00）_46.Study the following sentence: (1)pick out the idiom, (2)make another example by using it, and (3) comment on the u

19、se. Stop dishing the dirt, Sally, its really unbecoming!（分数：4.00）_47.Comment on the sentence “structural stability of idioms is absolutely unchangeable“ and explain the reasons.（分数：4.00）_英语词汇学自考题-30 答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、B(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.Idioms like “black sheep, new broom, a wet blanket, s

20、it on the fence“ are examples of _. A. transfer B. metonymy C. metaphor D. simile（分数：1.00）A.B.C. D.解析：解析 black sheep 意为“害群之马”，new broom 意为“新官”，a wet blanket(败兴的事物)，sit on the fence(保持中立态度)，可见这些都运用了暗喻的修辞手法，即 metaphor。答案为 C。2.The salt of the earth is an example of _. A. simile B. metaphor C. metonymy

21、D. synecdoche（分数：1.00）A.B. C.D.解析：解析 the salt of the earth 意为“少数精英分子”，将 salt(食盐)比作精英分子，显然是暗喻，即 metaphor。答案为 B。3.From cradle to grave is an example of _. A. simile B. metaphor C. synecdoche D. metonymy（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D. 解析：解析 from cradle to grave 意为“从出生到死亡”，用 cradle(摇篮)代指人的出生，用grave(坟墓)代指人的死亡，这里运用了换喻，

22、即 metonymy。答案为 D。4.Make(up) a purse is an idiom of _. A. simile B. metaphor C. synecdoche D. metonymy（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D. 解析：解析 题干译文：make (up)a purse 是运用了何种修辞的习语?make (up)a purse 意为“存钱”，用 purse 来比喻钱，运用了换喻手法，即 metonymy。答案为 D。5.The pot calls the cattle black is an example of _. A. metaphor B. personifica

23、tion C. synecdoche D. euphemism（分数：1.00）A.B. C.D.解析：解析 The pot calls the cattle black 意为“责人严而律己宽”，pot(壶)在这里用了拟人手法，即 personification。答案为 B。6._ involves substitution of names, either substituting part for the whole, or vice versa. A. Synecdoche B. Metonymy C. Euphemism D. Metaphor（分数：1.00）A. B.C.D.解析：

24、解析 Synecdoche involves substitution of names, with substituting part for the whole and vice versa. 借代涉及到名称的替换，要么是部分替代整体要么是整体替代部分。答案为 A。7.The idiom “failure is the mother of success“ is a _ as far as figures of speech are concerned. A. simile B. metaphor C. metonymy D. personification（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D

25、. 解析：解析 “失败是成功之母”这个习语中运用了拟人的修辞手法。答案为 D。8._ is used in the idiom “live by ones pen“. A. Metonymy B. Synecdoche C. Metaphor D. Personification（分数：1.00）A. B.C.D.解析：解析 live by ones pen 意为“靠写作谋生”，用笔来代指写作，运用了换喻手法，即metonymy。答案为 A。9._ refers to idioms in which the name of one thing is used for that of anoth

26、er associated with it. A. Personification B. Euphemism C. Synecdoche D. Metonymy（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D. 解析：解析 Metonymy refers to idioms in which the name of one thing is used for that of another associated with it. 换喻是指一件事物的名称被用于换指另外一个与此相关的事物的名称的习语。答案为 D。10.The following are all variations of idioms, exce

27、pt _. A. replacement B. addition C. shortening D. repetition（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D. 解析：解析 习语的变异形式有增词(addition)，减词(deletion)，替换(replacement)，移位(position-shifting)，肢解(dismembering)，缩略法(shortening)等。答案为 D。11.In the idiom “in good feather“, we change “good“ into “high, full“ without changing meaning. This cha

28、nge of constituent is known as _. A. addition B. replacement C. position-shifting D. variation（分数：1.00）A.B. C.D.解析：解析 In some idioms, a constituent may be replaced by a word of the same part of speech, resulting in synonymous or antclnymous idioms. 在有些习语中，其中的一个成分可能被统一词性的词所替代，结果导致同义或反义习语的产生。答案为 B。12.

29、What figure of speech is applied in the following idioms? A world of trouble and a flood of tears._ A. hyperbole. B. metonymy. C. deletion. D. personification.（分数：1.00）A. B.C.D.解析：解析 a world of trouble 意为“很多麻烦”，a flood of tears 意为“泪水如注”，这两个习语都是以夸张的方式表现出来的，因此运用了夸张手法，即 hyperbole。答案为 A。13.The change of

30、 idiom “velvet paws“ from the original form is _. A. replacement B. position-shifting C. addition D. shortening（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D. 解析：解析 velvet paws(笑里藏刀)是 velvet paws hide sharp claws 的缩略形式，因此是使用了缩略法。答案为 D。14.Jack of all trades belong to which kind of variation of idioms?_ A. Replacement. B. Deletion

31、. C. Shortening. D. Dismembering.（分数：1.00）A.B.C. D.解析：解析 Jack of all trades 是 Jack of all trades and master of none. 的缩略形式，表示“杂而不精的人；三脚猫”。因此这一习语属于习语大缩略变异形式。答案为 C。15.The change of idiom “A round peg in the squarest of holes“ from the original form is _. A. dismembering B. position-shifting C. additio

32、n D. shortening（分数：1.00）A. B.C.D.解析：解析 支解(dismembering)是指把原习语完全打乱，使其支离破碎。A round peg in the squarest of holes 是 a square peg in a round hole 的变体，目的是强调“此人根本不适合该项工作”这个意思。答案为 A。二、B(总题数：18，分数：36.00)16.Idioms consist of set 1 and short sentences.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：phrases）解析：解析 习语由固定的短语和短句组成，故应填 phra

33、ses。答案为 phrases。17.The characteristics of idioms include semantic 1 and structural stability.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：unity）解析：解析 英语习语的特点是语义的什么和结构的稳定?The characteristics of idioms include semantic unity and structural stability. 答案为 unity。18.In a broad sense, idioms may include colloquialisms, 1, slan

34、g expressions, proverbs, etc.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：catchphrases）解析：解析 从广义上讲，习语可以包括口语词、什么、俚语、谚语等?In a broad sense, idioms may include colloquialisms, catchphrases, slang expressions, proverbs, etc. 答案为catchphrases。19.The word order of idioms cant be 1 or changed.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：inverted）解析：解析

35、 习语的语序不能怎么样或改变?The word order cannot be inverted or changed. 答案为inverted。20.Due to structural 1 of idioms, the word order of the idiom “by twos and threes“ cannot be turned into “by threes and twos“.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：stability）解析：解析 习语结构的稳定性(structural stability)包含三个方面，其中第二方面是指习语的语序不能倒装或是改变。例如，

36、by twos and threes(两三个一次)和 tit for tat(针锋相对)不能被转变为 by threes and twos 和 tat for tit。答案为 stability。21.The characteristic of idioms 1 unity can be reflected by the understanding of such idiom as “rain cats and dogs.“（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：semantic）解析：解析 习语的语义整体性也可体现在每个词的字面意义和习语意义之间不合逻辑的关系中。很多习语是无法从语义上

37、解释的。rain cats and dogs 用作表示“倾盆大雨”，而从字面意义上理解则是不通的。答案为 semantic。22.Many idioms are grammatically 1.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：unanalysable）解析：解析 很多习语语法上是不可什么的?Many idioms are grammatically unanalysable. 答案为unanalysable。23.Idioms nominal in nature have a noun as the 1 word in each idiom.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正

38、确答案：key）解析：解析 名词性习语在句中作名词，而且有一个名词充当什么作用?Idioms nominal in nature have a noun as the key word in each and function as a noun in sentences. 答案为 key。24.Idioms may be classified into five groups by the criterion of 1 function.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：grammatical）解析：解析 根据什么功能，习语可分为五类?Idioms may be classifi

39、ed into five groups by the criterion of grammatical function答案为 grammatical。25.The fixity of idioms depends on the 1.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：idiomaticity）解析：解析 习语的稳定性在于其习语性程度，习语的习语性越强，其结构也便越稳定。答案为idiomaticity。26.The idiom “up in the air“ belongs to 1 idiom.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：adjective）解析：解析 习语“up

40、 in the air”属于什么词性的习语?up in the air 意为“未定的，悬而未决的”，是形容词，因此该习语做形容词用。答案为 adjective。27.As far as sentence types are concerned, they embrace declarative, interrogative, 1 and exclamative sentences.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：imperative）解析：解析 就句子类型而言，句式习语包括陈述句、疑问句、什么和感叹句?As far as sentence types are concerned,

41、 they embrace declarative, interrogative, imperative and exclamative sentences. 答案为 imperative。28.In terms of complexity sentence idioms can be further divided into simple, compound and 1 sentences.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：complex）解析：解析 就复杂性而言，句式习语能被进一步细分为简单句、复合句和什么句?In terms of complexity sentence id

42、ioms can be further divided into simple, compound and complex sentences. 答案为 complex。29.The same idiom may show 1 differences when it is assigned different meanings including affective meaning.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：stylistic）解析：解析 同一条习语在不同意义时，可能会显示出一些什么差异?The same idiom may show stylistic differences when it is assigned different meanings. 答案为 stylistic。30.Apart from the stylistic features, idioms m