【学历类职业资格】英语词汇学自考题-2及答案解析.doc

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1、英语词汇学自考题-2 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)1._ is traditionally used for the study of the origins and history of the form and meaning of words.A. Semantics B. LinguisticsC. Etymology D. Stylistics（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.2.Content words denote clear notions and thus are known as _ words. They include nouns, verb

2、s, adjectives, adverbs and numerals.A. functional B. notionalC. empty D. formal（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.3.The introduction of _ had a great impact on the English vocabulary.A. Hinduism B. ChristianityC. Buddhism D. Islam（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.4.The prefixes in the words “irresistible“, “nonclassical“ and “apoliti

3、cal“ are called _.A. reversative prefixes B. negative prefixesC. pejorative prefixes D. locative prefixes（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.5.“Rugby“, “afghan“ and “champagne“ are words coming from _.A. names of books B. names of placesC. names of people D. tradenames（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.6._ is the result of human cognit

4、ion, reflecting the objective world in the human mind.A. Reference B. ConceptC. Sense D. Context（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.7.“Trumpet“ is a(n) _ motivated word.A. morphologically B. semanticallyC. onomatopoeically D. etymologically（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.8.It is noticeable that _ overlaps with stylistic and affectiv

5、e meanings because in a sense both stylistic and affective meanings are revealed by means of collocations.A. conceptual meaning B. grammatical meaningC. lexical meaning D. collocative meaning（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.9.From the _ point of view, polysemy is assumed to be the result of growth and development o

6、f the semantic structure of one and the same word.A. linguistic B. diachronicC. synchronic D. traditional（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.10.When we talk about a word in visual terms, a word can be defined as a _ group of letters printed or written horizontally across a piece of paper.A. small B. meaningfulC. vocal

7、 D. large（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.11.The meaning of the word “fond“ changed from “foolish“ to “affectionate“ by mode of _.A. extension B. narrowingC. elevation D. degradation（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.12.“The salt of the earth“ is an example of _.A. simile B. metaphorC. metonymy D. synecdoche（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.13.A ref

8、erence book alphabetically arranged along with information about the forms, pronunciations, functions, etymologies, meanings, and syntactical and idiomatic uses of words is called _.A. encyclopedia B. dictionaryC. glossary D. concordance（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.14._ are those that cannot occur as separate w

9、ords without being added to other morphemes.A. Free roots B. Free morphemesC. Bound morphemes D. Meaningful units（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.15.The fundamental difference between homonyms and polysemants is whether _.A. they come from the same sourceB. they are correlated with one central meaningC. they are li

10、sted under one headword in a dictionaryD. all the above（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.16.Native words are characterized with _.A. high slangy feature in style B. high argot feature in useC. high markedness in style D. high frequency in use（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.17.From a synchronic point of view, the word “wife“ experi

11、enced the semantic change of _.A. extension B. narrowingC. elevation D. degradation（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.18.Some doctors prescribe medication to treat hyperactive children, because the children are extremely _.A. active B. passiveC. lazy D. diligent（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.19.Words which have opposite meanings a

12、re called _.A. synonyms B. antonymsC. homonyms D. hyponyms（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.20.The boys are playing in the river in the raw. “In the raw“ in this sentence means _.A. naked B. robeC. shorts D. vest（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.21.The major factor(s) that promote the growth of modern English is/are _.A. the growth

13、of science and technologyB. economic and political changesC. the influence of other cultures and languagesD. all the above（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.22.The two major factors that cause changes in meaning are _.A. historical reason and class reasonB. historical reason and psychological reasonC. class reason an

14、d psychological reasonD. extra-linguistic factors and linguistic factors（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.23.More often than not, functional words mainly have _.A. lexical meaning B. associative meaningC. collocative meaning D. grammatical meaning（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.24._ are words borrowed early in the past and now are

15、 well assimilated into the English language.A. Aliens B. Translation-loansC. Denizens D. Semantic loans（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.25.After the _, the Germanic tribes called Angles, Saxons and Jutes came in great numbers.A. Creeks B. IndiansC. Romans D. French（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.26.“Ex-student“, “foretell“ and “p

16、ost-election“ contain _.A. negative prefixes B. prefixes of degree or sizeC. prefixes of time and order D. locative prefixes（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.27._ are words pronounced letter by letter.A. Initialisms B. AcronymsC. Blends D. Clips（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.28.One important criterion to differentiate homonyms fr

17、om polysemants is to see their _.A. spelling B. pronunciationC. etymology D. usage（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.29.CCELD is distinctive for its _.A. clear grammar codes B. language notesC. usage notes D. extra columns（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.30.In the idiom “in good feather“, we change “good“ into “high or full“ without

18、 changing meaning. This change of constituent is known as _.A. addition B. replacementC. position-shifting D. variation（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.31.Affixation is generally defined as the formation of words by adding word-forming or derivational affixes to stem. This process is also known as 1.（分数：1.50）填空项 1:

19、_32.Word-meaning changes by modes of extension, narrowing, degradation, 1 and transfer.（分数：1.50）填空项 1:_33.The order of meanings in CCELD indicates the 1 of words.（分数：1.50）填空项 1:_34.The language used in England between 450 and 1150 is called 1.（分数：1.50）填空项 1:_35.The relationship between sound and the

20、 meaning of a word is 1.（分数：1.50）填空项 1:_36.There are generally two approaches to the study of words, namely synchronic and 1.（分数：1.50）填空项 1:_37.It is necessary to subdivide Modern English into Early (1500-1700) and 1 Modern English.（分数：1.50）填空项 1:_38.A common way of making a word is to shorten a lon

21、ger word by cutting a part off the original and using what remains instead. This is called 1.（分数：1.50）填空项 1:_39.The same idiom may show 1 differences when it is assigned different meanings including affective meaning.（分数：1.50）填空项 1:_40.Antonyms are classified on the basis of 1.（分数：1.50）填空项 1:_41.ref

22、erence（分数：3.00）_42.semantic field（分数：3.00）_43.acronyms（分数：3.00）_44.native words（分数：3.00）_45.morphs（分数：3.00）_46.What is the role of context?（分数：5.00）_47.What is collocative meaning? Give one example to illustrate your point.（分数：5.00）_48.How do you account for the role of native words in English in re

23、lation to loan-words?（分数：5.00）_49.Why do we say “English is a heavy borrower“? Please justify it.（分数：5.00）_50.The “pen“ is mightier than the “sword“.Explain what “pen“ and “sword“ mean respectively using the theory of motivation.（分数：10.00）_51.Analyze the morphological structure of following words an

24、d point out the types of the morphemes.Recollection, nationalist, unearthly.（分数：10.00）_英语词汇学自考题-2 答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)1._ is traditionally used for the study of the origins and history of the form and meaning of words.A. Semantics B. LinguisticsC. Etymology D. Stylistics（分数：1.00）A.B.C. D.解析：2.

25、Content words denote clear notions and thus are known as _ words. They include nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs and numerals.A. functional B. notionalC. empty D. formal（分数：1.00）A.B. C.D.解析：3.The introduction of _ had a great impact on the English vocabulary.A. Hinduism B. ChristianityC. Buddhism D.

26、 Islam（分数：1.00）A.B. C.D.解析：4.The prefixes in the words “irresistible“, “nonclassical“ and “apolitical“ are called _.A. reversative prefixes B. negative prefixesC. pejorative prefixes D. locative prefixes（分数：1.00）A.B. C.D.解析：否定的前缀包括“a-”，“in-”，“il-”，“ir-”，“im-”，“dis-”，“un-”，“non-”等。题目中“irresistible”的意

27、思是“难以抵制的”；“non-classical”的意思是“非古典的”；“apolitical”的意思是“不关心政治的，不合政治意义的”。5.“Rugby“, “afghan“ and “champagne“ are words coming from _.A. names of books B. names of placesC. names of people D. tradenames（分数：1.00）A.B. C.D.解析：许多表示产品或者材料的词来源于它们最初产生的地方的地名。例如，“afghan” 是一种棉织地毯，来源于 Afghanistan(阿富汗)。“champagne”是一

28、种酒(香槟)，来源于法国一个被称为 Champagne的地方。另外，“rugby”是一种球类运动，它起源于英国一个称为 Rugby 的地方。6._ is the result of human cognition, reflecting the objective world in the human mind.A. Reference B. ConceptC. Sense D. Context（分数：1.00）A.B. C.D.解析：概念(concept)超越了语言本身，它是人们认知的结果，是客观世界在人脑中的反映。7.“Trumpet“ is a(n) _ motivated word.A

29、. morphologically B. semanticallyC. onomatopoeically D. etymologically（分数：1.00）A.B.C. D.解析：8.It is noticeable that _ overlaps with stylistic and affective meanings because in a sense both stylistic and affective meanings are revealed by means of collocations.A. conceptual meaning B. grammatical mean

30、ingC. lexical meaning D. collocative meaning（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D. 解析：搭配意义是由一个词与另外的词进行搭配时产生的意义。它的意义由在其前后和其搭配的词体现出来，这一点它和语体意义(stylistic meaning)和情感意义(affective meaning)产生了重合，因为后二者的意义在某种程度上也是靠其搭配词语来体现的。9.From the _ point of view, polysemy is assumed to be the result of growth and development of the semanti

31、c structure of one and the same word.A. linguistic B. diachronicC. synchronic D. traditional（分数：1.00）A.B. C.D.解析：同一个词的多种意义之间的关系可以从两个角度进行研究：历时性研究(diachronic approach)和共时性研究(synchronic approach)。从历时性角度来看，多义词是同一个词的语义结构发展变化的结果。10.When we talk about a word in visual terms, a word can be defined as a _ gr

32、oup of letters printed or written horizontally across a piece of paper.A. small B. meaningfulC. vocal D. large（分数：1.00）A.B. C.D.解析：11.The meaning of the word “fond“ changed from “foolish“ to “affectionate“ by mode of _.A. extension B. narrowingC. elevation D. degradation（分数：1.00）A.B.C. D.解析：词义的升华或者褒

33、义化(elevation or amelioration)指的是词的地位从“卑微”到“重要”的变化。“fond”一词原意是“愚蠢的”，而后又变成了“挚爱的，亲爱的”的意思。因此，这个词的意义经历了升华的变化。12.“The salt of the earth“ is an example of _.A. simile B. metaphorC. metonymy D. synecdoche（分数：1.00）A.B. C.D.解析：暗喻(metaphor)指的是把一种事物比作另外一种具有类似特征的事物，而同时不使用“like”，“as”之类的词的一种比喻。在一些习语中，一些无生命的事物可以被用来

34、指人。习语“the salt of the earth”意思是“社会中坚”，指的是少数非常优秀的人才。13.A reference book alphabetically arranged along with information about the forms, pronunciations, functions, etymologies, meanings, and syntactical and idiomatic uses of words is called _.A. encyclopedia B. dictionaryC. glossary D. concordance（分数：

35、1.00）A.B. C.D.解析：词典是一种按照英文字母顺序排列词序，提供词语的拼写、发音、意义、用法、语法规则甚至是词源的书籍。14._ are those that cannot occur as separate words without being added to other morphemes.A. Free roots B. Free morphemesC. Bound morphemes D. Meaningful units（分数：1.00）A.B.C. D.解析：不能单独存在的词素称为粘附词素(bound morphemes)。粘附词素只能够附加到其他的词素上构成词语。1

36、5.The fundamental difference between homonyms and polysemants is whether _.A. they come from the same sourceB. they are correlated with one central meaningC. they are listed under one headword in a dictionaryD. all the above（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D. 解析：同形同音异义词(homonyms)和多义词(polysemants)的基本区别在于，前者指的是不同的词拥有同样

37、的形式，而后者指的是同一个具有不同意义的词。另外一点就是两者的语义相关性不同，在词典中，所有多义词的项都列在同一个词目之下，而同形同音异义词则是按照不同的词条单独列出的。16.Native words are characterized with _.A. high slangy feature in style B. high argot feature in useC. high markedness in style D. high frequency in use（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D. 解析：和外来语词相比，本族语词有两个特征：文体中性和使用频繁。17.From a syn

38、chronic point of view, the word “wife“ experienced the semantic change of _.A. extension B. narrowingC. elevation D. degradation（分数：1.00）A.B. C.D.解析：18.Some doctors prescribe medication to treat hyperactive children, because the children are extremely _.A. active B. passiveC. lazy D. diligent（分数：1.0

39、0）A. B.C.D.解析：词缀“hyper-”是表示程度的前缀，它主要用于表示极端的意思，所以“hyperactive”表示“极端活跃的”。19.Words which have opposite meanings are called _.A. synonyms B. antonymsC. homonyms D. hyponyms（分数：1.00）A.B. C.D.解析：反义词(antonyms)是指意义相反的词，而同义词(synonyms)指的是发音和拼写不同但意义相同或相近的词。如果某一个词的意义包含在另外一个含义较为概括的词里边，则这两个词具有上下义关系(hyponymy)；同形同音

40、异义词是意义不同，但是发音和拼写相同的词。20.The boys are playing in the river in the raw. “In the raw“ in this sentence means _.A. naked B. robeC. shorts D. vest（分数：1.00）A. B.C.D.解析：21.The major factor(s) that promote the growth of modern English is/are _.A. the growth of science and technologyB. economic and political

41、 changesC. the influence of other cultures and languagesD. all the above（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D. 解析：科技的快速发展促使一大批新词产生，社会、经济和政治的变化也带来了越来越多的新词。同时，其他文化和语言也对英语的发展产生了很大影响。22.The two major factors that cause changes in meaning are _.A. historical reason and class reasonB. historical reason and psychological reaso

42、nC. class reason and psychological reasonD. extra-linguistic factors and linguistic factors（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D. 解析：非语言因素和语言因素是导致词义变化的主要因素。非语言因素包括历史原因、阶级原因和心理原因；语言因素包括截短法(shortening)、借词和类比(analogy)。A、B、C 三项的分类不是概括性的分类，不够全面。23.More often than not, functional words mainly have _.A. lexical meaning B. asso

43、ciative meaningC. collocative meaning D. grammatical meaning（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D. 解析：功能词(functional words)所含词汇意义(lexical meaning)较弱，相反，其所含的语法意义(grammatical meaning)很强，而实义词(content words)则同时具有词汇意义和语法意义，其词汇意义尤为重要。24._ are words borrowed early in the past and now are well assimilated into the English langu

44、age.A. Aliens B. Translation-loansC. Denizens D. Semantic loans（分数：1.00）A.B.C. D.解析：同化词(denizens)是过去从其他语言中借用过来，现在已被英语完全吸收的词。非同化词(aliens)是从其他语言中借用过来，但还保留着其本来的发音和拼写特点的词。译借词(translation-loans)是借助于英语语言中现有的语言材料，以其他语言的特点为基础借用到的词。借义词(semantic loans)的形式具有本旗语的特点，但是其意义是从其他语言中借得的。25.After the _, the Germanic t

45、ribes called Angles, Saxons and Jutes came in great numbers.A. Creeks B. IndiansC. Romans D. French（分数：1.00）A.B.C. D.解析：26.“Ex-student“, “foretell“ and “post-election“ contain _.A. negative prefixes B. prefixes of degree or sizeC. prefixes of time and order D. locative prefixes（分数：1.00）A.B.C. D.解析：词缀“ex-”，“fore-”，“post-”等是表示时间和顺序的前缀。其中前两