【学历类职业资格】英语词汇学自考题-18及答案解析.doc

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1、英语词汇学自考题-18 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、B(总题数：26，分数：52.00)1.English lexicology is a 1 oriented course.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_2.Morphology is the branch of 1 which studies the structure or forms of words.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_3.If we consider words historically, looking into its origin and changes in form and me

2、aning, then we take a 1 perspective.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_4.Wilkins asserted, “Without grammar very little can be 1, without vocabulary nothing can be conveyed.“（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_5.The 1 McCarthy echoed the same message that without words to express a wide range of meanings, communication in that language c

3、ant happen in any meaningful way.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_6.Language study involves the study of speech sounds, grammar and 1.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_7.The 1 approach in lexicology study is concerned with the vocabulary of a language as it exists at a given time.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_8.When we talk about a word in visual

4、terms, a word can be defined as a 1 group of letters printed or written horizontally across a piece of paper.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_9.There is no 1 relationship between the sound which stands for a thing or an idea and the actual thing and idea itself.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_10.The relationship between a word and

5、the thing it stands for is 1.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_11.Functional words, which make up a very 1 number of the vocabulary, remain stable.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_12.Prepositions, conjunctions, 1 and articles all belong to functional words.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_13.All the words in a language make up its 1.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_1

6、4.The general estimate of the present-day English vocabulary is over one 1 words.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_15.Slang is often used in 1 situations.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_16.Argot generally refers to the jargon of 1.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_17.Content words are changing all the time whereas 1 words are stable.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_1

7、8.By 1, words can be classified into native words and borrowed words.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_19.Native element refers to the words of 1 origin.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_20.The proportion of the use of native words is much 1 than that of borrowings.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_21.According to the degree of 1 and manner of borrowin

8、gs, we can bring the loanwords under four classes.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_22.The basic word stock is the 1 of the vocabulary accumulated over centuries.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_23.Translation-loans are words and expressions formed from the 1 material in the English language but modelled on the patterns taken from an

9、other language.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_24. 1 are borrowed words which have retained their original pronunciation and spelling.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_25.There are four types of borrowed words: 1, aliens, translation-loans and semantic-loans.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_26.The expression of “Long time no see“ is 1 among the four

10、 classes of borrowings.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_二、B(总题数：10，分数：20.00)27.Lexicology（分数：2.00）_28.vocabulary（分数：2.00）_29.terminology（分数：2.00）_30.jargon（分数：2.00）_31.slang（分数：2.00）_32.archaisms（分数：2.00）_33.content words（分数：2.00）_34.native words（分数：2.00）_35.borrowed words（分数：2.00）_36.semantic-loans（分数：2.00）_三、B(总题数

11、：14，分数：28.00)37.What is the nature and scope of English lexicology?（分数：2.00）_38.Illustrate the difference of synchronic study and diachronic study of English lexicology with example.（分数：2.00）_39.Why is English lexicology much helpful to English teachers?（分数：2.00）_40.Explain the relationship between

12、sound and meaning with examples.（分数：2.00）_41.How do you classify English words?（分数：2.00）_42.Words of the basic word stock denote the most common things and phenomena of the world around us. Illustrate with examples the respects the words relating to.（分数：2.00）_43.What are the major differences betwee

13、n basic word stock and nonbasic vocabulary?（分数：2.00）_44.Why should we say that “all national character“ is the most important of all features among the five?（分数：2.00）_45.What are neologisms? Give one example to illustrate it.（分数：2.00）_46.What is the difference between content words and functional wo

14、rds?（分数：2.00）_47.How do you account for the role of native words in English in relation to loan-words?（分数：2.00）_48.Why do we say “English is a heavy borrower“? Please justify it.（分数：2.00）_49.Group the following words and tell their origins? tea, cook, a.m., p.m., i. e., ketchup, commence, fraternal,

15、 pork, kowtow, kungfu, intermezzo, black humor, barber, mutton, shift, shirt, surplus value, masterpiece, port, wine, colony.（分数：2.00）_50.Supply two examples to illustrate that the influx of borrowings has caused some words to change in meaning.（分数：2.00）_英语词汇学自考题-18 答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、B(总题数

16、：26，分数：52.00)1.English lexicology is a 1 oriented course.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：theoretically）解析：解析 题干译文：英语词汇学是一门具有什么性质的课程。English lexicology is a theoretically oriented course. 答案为 theoretically。2.Morphology is the branch of 1 which studies the structure or forms of words.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：gra

17、mmar）解析：解析 Morphology is the branch of grammar. 形态学是语法学的一个分支。答案为 grammar。3.If we consider words historically, looking into its origin and changes in form and meaning, then we take a 1 perspective.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：diachronic）解析：解析 题干译文：如果研究词汇的历史，即研究词汇的形式及意义的起源和发展变化，是从什么样的角度?If we take a diachro

18、nic perspective, we will consider the word historically, looking into its origin and changes in the form and meaning. 答案为 diachronic。4.Wilkins asserted, “Without grammar very little can be 1, without vocabulary nothing can be conveyed.“（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：conveyed）解析：解析 题干译文：Wilkins 认为，“没有语法会如何，没

19、有词汇什么信息也不能传达。”Wilkins asserts, “Without grammar very little can be conveyed, without vocabulary nothing can be conveyed.“ 没有语法很难传达信息。答案为 conveyed。5.The 1 McCarthy echoed the same message that without words to express a wide range of meanings, communication in that language cant happen in any meaning

20、ful way.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：lexicologist）解析：解析 题干译文：什么学家 McCarthy 也同样认为，如果不凭借词汇来表达各种意思，那么也就不可能用该语言进行有意义的交流。根据原文可知 McCarthy 是一位词汇学家，即 lexicologist。答案为lexicologist。6.Language study involves the study of speech sounds, grammar and 1.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：vocabulary）解析：解析 题干译文：语言研究包括对语音、语法和什么的研究。Lan

21、guage study involves the study of speech sounds, grammar and vocabulary. 答案为 vocabulary。7.The 1 approach in lexicology study is concerned with the vocabulary of a language as it exists at a given time.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：synchronic）解析：解析 From a synchronic point of view, words can be studied at a

22、point in time, disregarding whatever changes might be taking place. 从共时角度看，可以不考虑词汇所发生的变化而专门研究某一特定时期内的词汇。答案为 synchronic。8.When we talk about a word in visual terms, a word can be defined as a 1 group of letters printed or written horizontally across a piece of paper.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：meaningful）

23、解析：解析 谈论词时，我们往往从词的视觉角度来定义。从这个意义上讲，词可以定义为书写或印刷在纸上、横排行的一组有意义的字母。答案为 meaningful。9.There is no 1 relationship between the sound which stands for a thing or an idea and the actual thing and idea itself.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：logical）解析：解析 代表一个事物或一个概念的声音和这个事物或概念本身没有什么关系?There is no logical relationship be

24、tween the sound which stands for a thing of an idea and the actual thing and idea itself答案为 logical。10.The relationship between a word and the thing it stands for is 1.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：conventional）解析：解析 一个词的声音和意义之间的关系是什么样的?The relationship between a word and the thing it stands for is convent

25、ional答案为 conventional。11.Functional words, which make up a very 1 number of the vocabulary, remain stable.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：small）解析：解析 题干译文：具有稳定性的功能词占英语词汇的多少?实义词构成英语词汇的主体，数量庞大，而且还在不断增加；词汇量很小的功能词十分稳定。然而在英语中，功能词比实义词起着更重要的作用。答案为 small。12.Prepositions, conjunctions, 1 and articles all belong to fu

26、nctional words.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：auxiliaries）解析：解析 介词、连词、助词和冠词都是功能词。Prepositions, conjunctions, auxiliaries and articles belong to functional words答案为 auxiliaries。13.All the words in a language make up its 1.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：vocabulary）解析：解析 一门语言中所有的词构成该语言的什么?All the words in a language m

27、ake up its vocabulary答案为 vocabulary。14.The general estimate of the present-day English vocabulary is over one 1 words.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：million）解析：解析 据初步统计，当代英语的词汇量已达 100 多万词。答案为 million。15.Slang is often used in 1 situations.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：informal）解析：解析 俚语通常用于什么场合?Slang is often used

28、in informal situations答案为informal。16.Argot generally refers to the jargon of 1.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：criminals）解析：解析 黑话通常是什么的行话?Argot generally refers to the jargon of criminals答案为criminals。17.Content words are changing all the time whereas 1 words are stable.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：functional）解析：解析

29、 实义词一直在变化而什么词是稳定的?Content words are growing whereas functional words remain stable答案为 functional。18.By 1, words can be classified into native words and borrowed words.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：origin）解析：解析 根据什么，词汇可以分为本族语词和外来语词?As far as the origins of the words are concerned, English words can be class

30、ified into native words and borrowed words答案为origin。19.Native element refers to the words of 1 origin.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：Anglo-Saxon）解析：解析 本族成分是指什么起源的词汇?Native words are Anglo-Saxon words答案为 Anglo-Saxon。20.The proportion of the use of native words is much 1 than that of borrowings.（分数：2.00）填空项 1

31、:_ （正确答案：higher）解析：解析 本族语在日常的口语和书面语中使用得最为频繁。与外来词相比，本族语词在使用频率上与其数量成反比，即本族语词虽然不多，但使用频率很高。答案为 higher。21.According to the degree of 1 and manner of borrowings, we can bring the loanwords under four classes.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：assimilation）解析：解析 根据什么的程度和借词的方式，可以把外来语归为 4 类?According to the degree of as

32、similation and manner of borrowings, we can bring the loan-words under four classes答案为 assimilation。22.The basic word stock is the 1 of the vocabulary accumulated over centuries.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：foundation）解析：解析 一门语言的基本词汇长期积累下来的，构成该语言的什么?The basic word stock is the foundation of the vocabulary

33、 accumulated over centuries答案为 foundation。23.Translation-loans are words and expressions formed from the 1 material in the English language but modelled on the patterns taken from another language.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：existing）解析：解析 译借词是利用母语中什么样的词语但在构词模式上模仿了外语而构成的词?Translation-loans are words and

34、expressions formed from the existing material in the English language but modelled on the patterns taken from another language答案为 existing。24. 1 are borrowed words which have retained their original pronunciation and spelling.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：Aliens）解析：解析 仍保留原来发音和拼写形式的词叫什么词?Aliens are borrowed

35、 words which have retained their original pronunciation and spelling答案为 Aliens。25.There are four types of borrowed words: 1, aliens, translation-loans and semantic-loans.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：denizens）解析：解析 外来语可分 4 类：什么、非同化词、译借词和借义词?There are four types of borrowed words: denizens, aliens, translat

36、ion-loans and semantic-loans答案为 denizens。26.The expression of “Long time no see“ is 1 among the four classes of borrowings.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：translation-loan）解析：解析 “好久没见”这一表达属于哪一类外来词?Long time no see 译自汉语的“好久没见”，因此是译借词，即 translation-loan。答案为 translation-loan。二、B(总题数：10，分数：20.00)27.Lexicology（分数

37、：2.00）_正确答案：(Lexicology is a branch of linguistics, inquiring into the origins and meanings of words)解析：28.vocabulary（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(The term “vocabulary“ is used in different senses. Not only can it refer to the total number of the words in a language, but it can stand for all the words used in a p

38、articular historical period.)解析：29.terminology（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(Terminology consists of technical terms used in particular disciplines and academic areas as in medicine: photoscanning, hepatitis, indigestion.)解析：30.jargon（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(Jargon refers to the specialized vocabularies by which members of particular arts, sciences, trades and professions communicate among themselves.)解析：31.slang（分数：2.00）_