【学历类职业资格】英语词汇学真题2012年04月及答案解析.doc

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1、英语词汇学真题 2012年 04月及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)1.Words of the basic word stock denote the most common things and phenomena of the world around us. Which of the following, words is related to the natural phenomena?A. Father. B. Fire.C. Evil. D. Old.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.2.The differences between sound and fo

2、rm are due to the following EXCEPT _.A. the fact of more phonemes than letters in EnglishB. stabilization of spelling by printingC. influence of the work of scribesD. innovations made by linguists（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.3.There are _ functional words in the following sentence: It is fun to play with childr

3、en.A. 3 B. 4C. 5 D. 6（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.4.The surviving languages fall into eight principal groups. Balto-Slavic, Indo-Iranian, Armenian and Albanian belong to the _ set.A. Eastern B. SouthernC. Western D. Northern（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.5.With the growth of _, British tentacles began stretching out to every

4、 corner of the globe, thus enabling English to absorb words from all major languages of the world.A. civilization B. revolutionC. colonization D. industrialization（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.6.Which of the following statements is NOT true?A. English is more closely related to German than French.B. Scandinavian

5、 languages refer to Icelandic, Norwegian, Danish and Swedish.C. Old English vocabulary was in essence Germanic with a small q uantity of words borrowed from Latin and Scandinavian.D. Middle English absorbed a tremendous number of foreign words but with little change in word endings.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.

6、7.The word “recollection“ comprises _ morpheme(s).A. 1 B. 2C. 3 D. 4（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.8.The following words have inflectional affixes EXCEPT _.A. happier B. workerC. harder D. taller（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.9.Which of the following words is a root?A. International. B. Nation.C. National. D. Internationalists

7、.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.10.The expansion of vocabulary in modern English depends chiefly on _.A. borrowing B. semantic changeC. word-formation D. reviving archaic words（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.11.The word “brainstorming“ belongs to _.A. adjective compounds B. noun compoundsC. verb compounds D. adverb compounds（分数

8、：1.00）A.B.C.D.12._ does not generally change the word-class of the stem but only modifies its meaning.A. Prefixation B. SuffixationC. Affixation D. Derivation（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.13.A word is the combination of form and _.A. spelling B. pronunciationC. meaning D. sound（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.14._ is the result

9、 of human cognition, reflecting the objective world in the human mind.A. Reference B. ConceptC. Sense D. Motivation（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.15.The meaning given in the dictionary and forming the core of word-meaning is _.A. grammatical meaning B. lexical meaningC. conceptual meaning D. associative meaning（分

10、数：1.00）A.B.C.D.16.The opposite of semantic elevation in meaning change is called _.A. derivation B. deteriorationC. purification D. pejoration（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.17.One of the interesting features about a language is that there are a great many more _ than _ in it.A. hyponyms . homonyms B. homonyms . h

11、yponymsC. synonyms . antonyms D. antonyms . synonyms（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.18.Relative synonyms also called _ are similar or nearly the same in denotation, but embrace different degrees of a given quality.A. close-synonyms B. respondent-synonymsC. near-synonyms D. dependent-synonyms（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.19.Ang

12、el, martyr and paradise have their meaning _ because of the influence of Christianity.A. elevated B. degradedC. narrowed D. extended（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.20.Word-meaning changes by modes of extension, narrowing, degradation, elevation and _.A. sense B. referenceC. association D. transfer（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.

13、21.The well-known semanticist Ullmann notes, “language is more _ than civilization, material as well as moral. “A. creative B. conservativeC. radical D. constructive（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.22.Which of the following is NOT one of the types of context?A. Linguistic context. B. Non-linguistic context.C. Extra

14、-linguistic context. D. Intra-linguistic context.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.23.Which of the following may NOT lead to ambiguity?A. Grammatical structure. B. Polysemy.C. Antonymy. D. Hyponymy.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.24.Which of the following is NOT true about linguistic context?A. It can be subdivided into grammatica

15、l context and lexical context.B. It embraces the people, time and place.C. It refers to the words, clauses, sentences in which a word appears.D. It may cover a paragraph, a whole chapter and even the entire book.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.25.The idiom “live by ones pen“ is a _ as far as figures of speech are

16、concerned.A. simile B. metaphorC. metonymy D. personification（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.26.“Cut and dried“ is an idiom _ in nature.A. verbal B. nominalC. adjectival D. adverbial（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.27.The change of idiom “A round peg in the squarest of holes“ from the original form is _.A. dismembering B. positio

17、n-shiftingC. addition D. shortening（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.28.According to the textbook, the best-known unabridged dictionary is _.A. The Word Book DictionaryB. The Encyclopedia AmericanaC. Websters New World DictionaryD. Websters Third New International Dictionary（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.29.Which of the following

18、 dictionaries is NOT a bilingual dictionary?A. Oxford Advanced Learners Dictionary of Current English with Chinese Translation.B. New English-Chinese Dictionary.C. Longman Dictionary of Phrasal Verbs.D. A Chinese-English Dictionary (1995).（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.30.Which of the following is true about an A

19、merican Dictionary?A. It is always better than a British dictionary.B. it contains more encyclopedic information in the main body.C. One can never expect to find British usages in it.D. It includes more grammatical information.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.31.A word is a 1 form of a language that has a given sou

20、nd and meaning and syntactic function.（分数：1.50）填空项 1:_32.In the Middle English period, the Norman Conquest started a continual flow of 1 words into English.（分数：1.50）填空项 1:_33.The basic form of a word which cannot be further analyzed without total loss of identity is called a 1.（分数：1.50）填空项 1:_34.The

21、 method of creating words by removing the supposed suffixes is called 1.（分数：1.50）填空项 1:_35.Words such as “vicious, tyrant, determined, famous, notorious“ usually indicate the speakers attitude towards the person or thing in question. They have 1 meaning in themselves.（分数：1.50）填空项 1:_36.A word which

22、is related to other words is related to them in 1.（分数：1.50）填空项 1:_37.Car which used to be a “two-wheel cart drawn by horses and used in 1“ has taken on the meaning “automobile“ with the development of modern car industry.（分数：1.50）填空项 1:_38.In the sentence “Copernicus believed in a heliocentric unive

23、rse, rather than in the geocentric theory. “, the word “heliocentric“ is explained by the clue of 1 structure.（分数：1.50）填空项 1:_39.Due to structural 1 of idioms, the word or der of the idiom “by twos and threes“ cannot be turned into “by threes and twos“.（分数：1.50）填空项 1:_40.Against the traditional prac

24、tice of lexicography, 1 creates an extra column arranged alongside the definitions.（分数：1.50）填空项 1:_41.archaisms（分数：3.00）_42.stem（分数：3.00）_43.grammatical meanings（分数：3.00）_44.amelioration（分数：3.00）_45.rhetoric characteristics of idioms（分数：3.00）_46.What are the three periods in view of the development

25、of English vocabulary?（分数：5.00）_47.What is the difference between partial and full conversion? Explain them with examples.（分数：5.00）_48.The word “happy“ has two different types of antonyms at the same time, one being negative and the other opposite. What are they?（分数：5.00）_49.Can you determine the me

26、anings of the following sentences? Explain and make some alterations in the context so as to pin down the meaning.(a) The fish is ready to eat.(b) I like Mary better than Jean.（分数：5.00）_50.Comment on the following groups of words to illustrate semantic features and grammatical features of compounds.

27、Group 1: “a green hand“, “flowerpot“Group 2: “bad-mouth“, “new-borns/（分数：10.00）_51.Analyze and comment on the following sentences based on the concept that antonyms differ in semantic inclusion.A How tall is his sister?B How short is his sister?（分数：10.00）_英语词汇学真题 2012年 04月答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)1

28、.Words of the basic word stock denote the most common things and phenomena of the world around us. Which of the following, words is related to the natural phenomena?A. Father. B. Fire.C. Evil. D. Old.（分数：1.00）A.B. C.D.解析：2.The differences between sound and form are due to the following EXCEPT _.A. t

29、he fact of more phonemes than letters in EnglishB. stabilization of spelling by printingC. influence of the work of scribesD. innovations made by linguists（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D. 解析：解析 声音和形式差别的形成有以下原因：(1)英语的字母表来自罗马语，因此不能用独立的字母来代替每一个音，一些音必须通过字母组合来表示；(2)随着时间的变化，发音比拼写的变化更大；(3)一些文字的声音和形式的差异是由早期的书记人员造成的；(4)从外来

30、语中借词的影响。3.There are _ functional words in the following sentence: It is fun to play with children.A. 3 B. 4C. 5 D. 6（分数：1.00）A. B.C.D.解析：4.The surviving languages fall into eight principal groups. Balto-Slavic, Indo-Iranian, Armenian and Albanian belong to the _ set.A. Eastern B. SouthernC. Western

31、D. Northern（分数：1.00）A. B.C.D.解析：解析 现存的语言主要分成 8组，其中 Balto-Slavic(波罗的-斯拉夫语系)，Indo-Iranian(印度-伊朗语系)，Armenian and Albanian(亚美尼亚和阿尔巴尼亚语系)为东部分支；Celtic(凯尔特语系)，Italic(意大利语系)，Hellenic(希腊语系)，Germanic(日耳曼语系)为西部分支。5.With the growth of _, British tentacles began stretching out to every corner of the globe, thus

32、enabling English to absorb words from all major languages of the world.A. civilization B. revolutionC. colonization D. industrialization（分数：1.00）A.B.C. D.解析：6.Which of the following statements is NOT true?A. English is more closely related to German than French.B. Scandinavian languages refer to Ice

33、landic, Norwegian, Danish and Swedish.C. Old English vocabulary was in essence Germanic with a small q uantity of words borrowed from Latin and Scandinavian.D. Middle English absorbed a tremendous number of foreign words but with little change in word endings.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D. 解析：解析 在中世纪英语时期，词尾屈折变化明

34、显减少。如果说古英语是充满词尾变化的语言，那么中世纪英语则是词尾平化的语言。7.The word “recollection“ comprises _ morpheme(s).A. 1 B. 2C. 3 D. 4（分数：1.00）A.B.C. D.解析：8.The following words have inflectional affixes EXCEPT _.A. happier B. workerC. harder D. taller（分数：1.00）A.B. C.D.解析：9.Which of the following words is a root?A. Internationa

35、l. B. Nation.C. National. D. Internationalists.（分数：1.00）A.B. C.D.解析：解析 词根是词的基本形式，是不可再分的，词根如若再分就失去了意义。本题的四个选项中只有 B项的 nation不能进一步细分。10.The expansion of vocabulary in modern English depends chiefly on _.A. borrowing B. semantic changeC. word-formation D. reviving archaic words（分数：1.00）A.B.C. D.解析：解析 现代

36、英语词汇的扩展主要依靠构词法(word-formation)。目前用于构词的方法中构词能力最强的是词缀法(affixation)、复合法(compounding)和转化法(conversion)。11.The word “brainstorming“ belongs to _.A. adjective compounds B. noun compoundsC. verb compounds D. adverb compounds（分数：1.00）A.B. C.D.解析：解析 brainstorming 属于名词复合词，是“n.+v.-ing”结构的名词复合词。12._ does not gen

37、erally change the word-class of the stem but only modifies its meaning.A. Prefixation B. SuffixationC. Affixation D. Derivation（分数：1.00）A. B.C.D.解析：解析 前缀法(prefixation)是在词干上加前缀构成新词的方法。前缀法一般不改变词干的词性，只改变词义。后缀法(suffixation)是在词干上加上后缀构词的方法。后缀不同于前缀，前缀主要改变词干的词义，而后缀对词义的影响不大，其主要功能是改变词干的语法功能，即改变词性。词缀法(affixati

38、on)是词干加上词缀构成词的方法，这种方法也叫衍生法(derivation)，它包括前缀法和后缀法。13.A word is the combination of form and _.A. spelling B. pronunciationC. meaning D. sound（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D. 解析：14._ is the result of human cognition, reflecting the objective world in the human mind.A. Reference B. ConceptC. Sense D. Motivation（分数：1.

39、00）A.B. C.D.解析：解析 概念是人类认知的结果，是客观事物在人脑中的反映。15.The meaning given in the dictionary and forming the core of word-meaning is _.A. grammatical meaning B. lexical meaningC. conceptual meaning D. associative meaning（分数：1.00）A.B.C. D.解析：解析 概念意义，也称为外延意义(denotative meaning)，是词典中所给的意义，是词义的核心。16.The opposite of

40、 semantic elevation in meaning change is called _.A. derivation B. deteriorationC. purification D. pejoration（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D. 解析：解析 词义的降格，即 degradation或者 pejoration，与词义的升华是相反的，即原来的褒义词或中性词降格而成为贬义词。17.One of the interesting features about a language is that there are a great many more _ than _ in it.

41、A. hyponyms . homonyms B. homonyms . hyponymsC. synonyms . antonyms D. antonyms . synonyms（分数：1.00）A.B.C. D.解析：解析 根据反义词的特点可知，反义词是以词的语义相反或相对为基础划分的。许多词有同义词，却没有相应的反义词。因此，语言中的同义词的数量远远超出反义词的数量。18.Relative synonyms also called _ are similar or nearly the same in denotation, but embrace different degrees o

42、f a given quality.A. close-synonyms B. respondent-synonymsC. near-synonyms D. dependent-synonyms（分数：1.00）A.B.C. D.解析：解析 相对近义词(relative synonyms)也叫近义词(near-synonyms)，它们不仅语义不完全相同，而且还有感情色彩、修辞、文体等方面的差异。19.Angel, martyr and paradise have their meaning _ because of the influence of Christianity.A. elevate

43、d B. degradedC. narrowed D. extended（分数：1.00）A. B.C.D.解析：解析 词义的升华指词由贬义或中性转变为褒义。Angel(天使)，martyr(殉道者)和 paradise(天堂)由于宗教因素的影响，实现了词义的升华。20.Word-meaning changes by modes of extension, narrowing, degradation, elevation and _.A. sense B. referenceC. association D. transfer（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D. 解析：解析 词义演变的方式有词

44、义的扩大、缩小、降格、升华和转移。词义的转移是指有些词原来指某些事物，后来发生变化，转为指称另外的事物。21.The well-known semanticist Ullmann notes, “language is more _ than civilization, material as well as moral. “A. creative B. conservativeC. radical D. constructive（分数：1.00）A.B. C.D.解析：22.Which of the following is NOT one of the types of context?A

45、. Linguistic context. B. Non-linguistic context.C. Extra-linguistic context. D. Intra-linguistic context.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D. 解析：解析 语境有不同的含义。狭义地讲，语境指的是所存在的词组、分句和句子，这就是我们所说的语言语境(linguistic context)。从广义上讲，语境还可以包括自然情景，这就是非语言语境(extra-linguistic context或 non-linguistic context)。没有 D项的说法。23.Which of the following may NOT lead to ambiguity?A. Grammatical structure. B. Polysemy.C. A