【学历类职业资格】专升本英语（阅读）-试卷78及答案解析.doc

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1、专升本英语（阅读）-试卷 78 及答案解析(总分：60.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：6，分数：60.00)1.Part III Reading ComprehensionDirections: In this part there are four passages. Each passage is followed by a number of comprehension questions. Read the passages and choose the best answer to each question. Then, mark

2、 your answer by blackening the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.（分数：10.00）_The number of speakers of English in Shakespeares time is estimated to have been about five million. Today it is estimated that some 260 million people speak it as a native language, mainly in the United States, Canad

3、a, Great Britain, Ireland, South Africa, Australia and New Zealand. In addition to the standard varieties of English found in these areas, there are a great many regional and social varieties of the language, as well as various levels of usage that are employed both in its spoken and written forms.

4、It is virtually impossible to estimate the number of people in the world who have acquired an adequate working knowledge of English in addition to their own languages. The purpose for which English is learned and the situations in which such learning takes place are so varied that it is difficult to

5、 define and still more difficult to assess what constitutes an adequate working knowledge for each situation. The main reason for the widespread demand for English is its present day importance as a world language. Besides serving the infinite needs of its native speakers, English is a language in w

6、hich some of the important works in science, technology, and other fields are being produced, and not always by native speakers. It is widely used for such purposes as meteorological and airport communications, international conferences, and the dissemination of information over the radio and televi

7、sion networks of many nations. It is a language of wider communication for a number of developing countries, especially former British colonies. Many of these countries have multi-lingual populations and need a language for internal communication in such matters as government, commerce, industry, la

8、w and education as well as for international communication and for access to the scientific and technological developments in the West.（分数：10.00）(1).What would be an appropriate title for this selection?（分数：2.00）A.The Difficulties of Learning English.B.Internal Communications.C.The Standard Varietie

9、s of English.D.English as a World Language.(2).Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE?（分数：2.00）A.Some 260 million people in the world have an adequate working knowledge of English.B.There are some 260 million native speakers of English in the world.C.It is almost impossible to estimate the nu

10、mber of people with an adequate working knowledge of English.D.People learn English for a variety of reasons.(3).According to this article, what is one main reason for the widespread use of English?（分数：2.00）A.It was popular during Shakespeares time.B.It is used in former British Colonies.C.It serves

11、 the needs of its native speakers.D.It is a world language that is used for international communication.(4).What constitutes an adequate working knowledge of English?（分数：2.00）A.The ability to read a newspaper.B.It is difficult to assess because it differs for each situation.C.Being multi-lingual.D.B

12、eing a native speaker.(5).What type of developing countries would be most likely to use English?（分数：2.00）A.Those geographically close to the United States.B.Those interested in the culture of the United States.C.Countries where international conferences are held.D.Former colonies of Great Britain.Am

13、erican society is not nap(午睡)-friendly. In fact, says David Dinges, a sleep specialist at the University of Pennsylvanian School of Medicine, “Theres even a prohibition against admitting we need sleep.“ Nobody wants to be caught napping or found asleep at work. To quote a proverb: “Some sleep five h

14、ours, nature requires seven, laziness nine and wickedness eleven.“ Wrong. The way not to fall asleep at work is to take naps when you need them. “We have to totally change our attitude toward napping,“ says Dr. William Dement of Stanford University, the godfather of sleep research. Last year a natio

15、nal commission led by Dement identified an “American sleep debt“ which one member said was as important as the national debt. The commission was concerned about the dangers of sleepiness: people causing industrial accidents or falling asleep while driving. This may be why we have a new sleep policy

16、in the White House. According to recent reports, President Clinton is trying to take a half-hour snooze (打瞌睡) every afternoon. About 60% of American adults nap when given the opportunity. We seem to have “a mid-afternoon quiet phase“ also called “a secondary sleep date.“ Sleeping 15 minutes to 2 hou

17、rs in the early afternoon can reduce stress and make us refreshed. Clearly, we were born to nap. We Superstar of Snooze dont nap to replace lost shut-eye or to prepare for a night shift. Rather, we “snack“ on sleep, whenever, wherever and at whatever time we feel like it. I myself have napped in bus

18、es, cars, planes and boats; on floors and beds; and in libraries, offices and museums.（分数：10.00）(1).It is commonly accepted in American society that too much sleep is_.（分数：2.00）A.unreasonableB.criminalC.harmfulD.costly(2).The research done by the Dement Commission shows that Americans_.（分数：2.00）A.do

19、nt like to napsB.are terribly worried about their national debtC.sleep less than is good for themD.have caused many industrial and traffic accidents(3).The purpose of this article is to_.（分数：2.00）A.warn us of the wickedness of nappingB.explain the danger of sleepinessC.discuss the side effects of na

20、ppingD.convince the reader of the necessity of napping(4).The “American sleep debt“ (Line 1 , Para. 3) is the result of_.（分数：2.00）A.the traditional misconception the Americans have about sleepB.the new sleep policy of Clinton AdministrationC.the rapid development of American industryD.the Americans

21、worry about the danger of sleepiness(5).The second sentence of the last paragraph tells us that it is_.（分数：2.00）A.preferable to have a sound sleep before a night shiftB.good practice to eat something light before we go to bedC.essential to make up for lost sleepD.natural to take a nap whenever we fe

22、el the need for itI am not sure that I can draw an exact line between wit and humor (perhaps the distinction is so subtle that only those persons can decide who have long white beards) , but even an ignorant person may express an opinion in this matter. I am quite positive that humor is the more com

23、fortable and livable quality. Humorous persons, if their gift is genuine and not a mere shine upon the surface, are always agreeable companions. They have pleasant mouths turned up at the corners, to which the great master of Marionettes has fixed the strings and he holds them in his nimblest finger

24、s to twitch them at the slightest jest (笑话). But the mouth of a merely witty man is hard and sour until the moment of its discharge. Nor is the flash from a witty man always comforting, but a humorous man radiates a general pleasure. I admire wit, but I have no real liking for it; it has been too of

25、ten employed against me, whereas humor is always an ally; it never points an impertinent (不礼貌的) finger into my defects. A wits tongue, however, is as sharp as a donkeys stickI may gallop the faster for its prodding (刺戳) , but the touch behind is too persuasive for any comfort. Wit is a lean creature

26、 with a sharp inquiring nose, whereas humor has a kindly eye and a comfortable girth. Wit has a better voice in a solo, but humor comes into the chorus best. Wit keeps the seasons fashions and is precise in the phrases and judgments of the day, but humor is concerned with homely eternal things.（分数：1

27、0.00）(1).The authors attitude toward wit can most accurately be described as_.（分数：2.00）A.cautious admirationB.wholehearted amusementC.tolerant disapprovalD.aversion(2).The author dislikes wit because it_.（分数：2.00）A.can be employed against himB.is superficialC.follows the judgments of the dayD.is too

28、 brief(3).“A wits tongue is like a donkeys stick“ in that both_.（分数：2.00）A.consider their victims feelingsB.are gently persuasiveC.goad their victimsD.are used with definite purpose(4).The author probably intended this selection on wit and humor to_.（分数：2.00）A.permanently eliminate the confusion of

29、themB.express his personal opinion of themC.reveal their similaritiesD.deprecate the quality of wit(5).Implied but not stated: _.（分数：2.00）A.Humor is always genuineB.Humorous persons have pleasant facesC.Wit is more nimble than humorD.Humor comes by more naturally than witThe world is undergoing a gr

30、eat transition marked by uncertainty and complexity which we do not yet understand. This poses (提出) a challenge to young people all over the world, for in about 15 years time youth will play a. fundamental role as never before in the history of the world. Young people will make up over half the popu

31、lation in developing countriesthe so-called countries of the South. In the North they will have the heavy responsibility of providing for societies in which elderly people will generally be in the majority. It is probably not by chance that young people in different parts of the world today represen

32、t a movement of challenge and pressure which is shaking government and attempting to impose new values in a universe which they perceive as inhospitable (冷淡的) or even hostile. We have come a long way from the early 20th century concept of perpetual 3% annual growth, which fitted so well with the New

33、tonian vision of the worlda vision resting on the idea of a perfect giant clockwork mechanism. The dramatic nature of todays crisis is based on our difficulty in understandingon a lack of intelligibility (可理解性). For in evolutions constant march towards complexity we have just crossed a threshold. Be

34、yond this threshold, everything is different; everything invites us to look anew (重新). But we are prisoners of images which still inhabit our minds because they brought us so much intellectual comfort in understanding our world as it used to be. Prigonine takes us over the threshold and forces us to

35、 enter into the new dialogue which is necessary. It is useful to try to transfer this new vision into the spheres of management, business, national sovereignty, and international organization. In this way we may perhaps make progress in governing that which, on first analysis we may judge to be ungo

36、vernable.（分数：10.00）(1).The characteristic of the present age of the world is_.（分数：2.00）A.transitionB.challengeC.uncertaintyD.uncertainty and complexity(2).Which of the following are not the facts that pose a challenge to young people?（分数：2.00）A.Youth will play a fundamental role as never before in t

37、he history of the world in about 15 years time.B.The world is considered as inhospitable or even hostile.C.In the North, youth will have the responsibility of providing for societies in which elderly people will generally be in the majority.D.Young people will make up over half of the population in

38、developing countries.(3).The young people who represent a movement of challenge and pressure may have an influence on_.（分数：2.00）A.governments decisions and ideas or concept about the worldB.population growthC.people of all the agesD.international organizations(4).Sometimes we feel difficult to deal

39、with todays crisis because_.（分数：2.00）A.we are accustomed to dealing with the new things with the ways we used toB.we are intelligibleC.we are prisoners of imagesD.we have just crossed a threshold(5).It is_that we may make progress in governing that which, on first analysis we may judge to be ungover

40、nable.（分数：2.00）A.over the threshold and entering the new “dialogue“B.by transferring this new vision into the spheres of management, business etc.C.by making a challenge to the worldD.undergoing a great transitionNormally a student must attend a certain number of courses in order to graduate, and ea

41、ch course which he attends gives him a credit (学分) which he may count towards a degree. In many American universities the total work for a degree consists of thirty-six courses each lasting for one semester. A typical course consists of three classes per week for fifteen weeks; while attending a uni

42、versity a student will probably attend four or five courses during each semester. Normally a student would expect to take four years attending two semesters each year. It is possible to spread the period of work for the degree over a longer period. It is also possible for a student to move between o

43、ne university and another during his degree course, though this is not in fact done as a regular practice. For every course that he follows a student is given a grade, which is recorded, and the record is available for the student to show to prospective employers. All this imposes a constant pressur

44、e and strain of work, but in spite of this some students still find time for great activity in student affairs. Elections to positions in student organizations arouse much enthusiasm. The effective work of maintaining discipline is usually performed by students who advise the academic authorities. A

45、ny student who is thought to have broken the rules, for example, by cheating has to appear before a student court. With the enormous numbers of students, the operation of the system does involve a certain amount of activity. A student who has held one of these positions of authority is much respecte

46、d and it will be of benefit to him later in his career.（分数：10.00）(1).Normally a student would at least attend_classes each week.（分数：2.00）A.36B.12C.20D.15(2).According to the first paragraph an American student is allowed_.（分数：2.00）A.to live in a different universityB.to take a particular course in a

47、 different universityC.to live at home and drive to classesD.to get two degrees from two different universities(3).American university students are usually under pressure of work because_.（分数：2.00）A.their academic performance will affect their future careersB.they are heavily involved in student aff

48、airsC.they have to observe university disciplineD.they want to run for positions of authority(4).Some students are enthusiastic for positions in student organizations probably because_.（分数：2.00）A.they hate the constant pressure and strain of their studyB.they will then be able to stay longer in the

49、universityC.such positions help them get better jobsD.such positions are usually well paid(5).The student organizations seem to be effective in_.（分数：2.00）A.dealing with the academic affairs of the universityB.ensuring that the students observe university regulationsC.evaluating students performance by bringing them before a courtD.keeping up the