ISO TS 19158-2012 Geographic information - Quality assurance of data supply《地理信息 数据供应质量保证》.pdf

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1、 ISO 2012 Geographic information Quality assurance of data supply Information gographique Assurance qualit relative lapprovisionnement de donnes TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION ISO/TS 19158 First edition 2012-10-15 Reference number ISO/TS 19158:2012(E) ISO/TS 19158:2012(E) ii ISO 2012 All rights reserved CO

2、PYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2012 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address bel

3、ow or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ISO/TS 19158:2012(E) ISO 2012 All rights reserved iii Contents Page Foreword iv

4、 Introduction v 1 Scope . 1 2 Conformance . 1 3 Normative references 1 4 T erms and definitions . 1 5 Abbreviated terms 3 6 General principles . 3 6.1 Quality assurance in production and update 3 6.2 Data quality evaluation 4 6.3 Quality assurance framework 5 7 Requirements 6 7.1 Production and/or u

5、pdate quality assurance 6 7.2 Quality assurance levels 6 8 Quality assessment procedures 7 8.1 Basic quality assessment 7 8.2 Operational quality assessment . 7 8.3 Full quality assessment . 8 8.4 Quality assurance maintenance and monitors 8 8.5 Failure to achieve required quality assurance level 9

6、Annex A (normative) Abstract test suite .10 Annex B (informative) Example of supplier responsibilities .12 Annex C (informative) Quality assurance in production and the steps to an appropriate level of quality assurance 15 Annex D (informative) Example of individual and team quality assessment proce

7、dure 19 Bibliography .22 ISO/TS 19158:2012(E) Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each mem

8、ber body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International El

9、ectrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards ado

10、pted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. In other circumstances, particularly when there is an urgent market requirement for such documents, a tech

11、nical committee may decide to publish other types of document: an ISO Publicly Available Specification (ISO/PAS) represents an agreement between technical experts in an ISO working group and is accepted for publication if it is approved by more than 50 % of the members of the parent committee castin

12、g a vote; an ISO Technical Specification (ISO/TS) represents an agreement between the members of a technical committee and is accepted for publication if it is approved by 2/3 of the members of the committee casting a vote. An ISO/PAS or ISO/TS is reviewed after three years in order to decide whethe

13、r it will be confirmed for a further three years, revised to become an International Standard, or withdrawn. If the ISO/PAS or ISO/TS is confirmed, it is reviewed again after a further three years, at which time it must either be transformed into an International Standard or be withdrawn. Attention

14、is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO/TS 19158 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 211, Geographic information/Geomatics. iv ISO 2012 All

15、rights reserved ISO/TS 19158:2012(E) Introduction This Technical Specification provides a quality assurance framework for the producer and customer in their production relationship. It identifies methods of managing the quality of production more efficiently and effectively. It enables innovation an

16、d continual improvement within the context of existing: geographic information quality principles and quality evaluation procedures, and quality management systems. With ever increasing demands in value and quality in the Geographic Information (GI) market the framework facilitates the production of

17、 a product that meets requirements in terms of cost, quantity, quality and timeliness. Through the application of the framework there are opportunities for: better understanding of requirements by all involved in production and update especially within multiple producer environments, reduced data th

18、roughput time, reduced rework, improved data quality, and increased confidence within a mutually beneficial relationship leading to lower costs for both supplier and organization. ISO 19157 establishes the principles for the description of geographic data quality and specifies components for reporti

19、ng quality information as well as procedures for the evaluation of geographic data quality. The quality assessment procedure, as defined in this Technical Specification, is a second-party (customer) conformity assessment activity. ISO 2012 All rights reserved v Geographic information Quality assuran

20、ce of data supply 1 Scope This Technical Specification provides a framework for quality assurance specific to geographic information. It is based upon the quality principles and quality evaluation procedures of geographic information identified in ISO 19157 and the general quality management princip

21、les defined in ISO 9000 2 . The framework defined in this Technical Specification enables a customer to satisfy itself that its suppliers, both internal and external, are capable of delivering geographic information to the required quality. Fundamental to the framework is the assurance of the suppli

22、ers ability to understand and meet the quality requirements. Through the quality assurance framework both the customer and the supplier are able to consider the quality required at the earliest opportunity in the production/update process. Principles and responsibilities of the relationship between

23、the customer and the supplier that facilitate the framework are provided. The responsibility for the quality assessment procedure is shared between the customer and the supplier. This Technical Specification is applicable to customers and suppliers of all geographic information where the quality of

24、the product may be impacted upon by the suppliers processes in any of the following scenarios: there is an agreement or legislation for the supply of data acquisition services, data acquisition services are being tendered for, and one or more suppliers exist in the supply chain. This Technical Speci

25、fication is not applicable for the supply of legacy datasets or off the shelf products where there is no further data production or update activity to manage. 2 Conformance Any organization claiming conformance with this specification shall pass all of the requirements described in the abstract test

26、 suite presented in Annex A. 3 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applie

27、s. ISO 19157: 1) , Geographic information Data quality 4 T erms an d definiti ons For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 1) To be published. TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION ISO/TS 19158:2012(E) ISO 2012 All rights reserved 1 ISO/TS 19158:2012(E) 4.1 customer organizati

28、on or person that receives a product (4.3) SOURCE: ISO 9000:2005, definition 3.3.5 NOTE The customer can be internal or external to the supplier (4.11) organization. 4.2 process set of interrelated or interacting activities which transforms inputs into outputs SOURCE: ISO 9000:2005, definition 3.4.1

29、 NOTE The process may be broken down further into elemental activities sub-process (4.10) as is deemed necessary to control the quality (4.4) of the process. 4.3 product result of a process (4.2) SOURCE: ISO 9000:2005, definition 3.4.2 4.4 quality degree to which a set of inherent characteristics fu

30、lfils requirements SOURCE: ISO 9000:2005, definition 3.1.1 NOTE For the purposes of this Technical Specification the quality characteristics of a product (4.3) include: data quality (the elements of which are described by ISO 19157), volume of delivery, schedule of delivery, and cost of production a

31、nd/or update. 4.5 quality assessment procedure procedure by which a customer (4.1) assures that its suppliers (4.11) are capable of consistently delivering the product (4.3) to the required quality (4.4) NOTE The assessment procedure is a second-party (customer) conformity assessment activity. 4.6 q

32、uality assessment result output of the quality assessment procedure (4.5) 4.7 quality assurance part of qualit y (4.4) management focused on providing confidence that qualit y requirements will be fulfilled SOURCE: ISO 9000:2005, definition 3.2.11 4.8 quality assurance level assurance level achieved

33、 is an outcome of the quality assessment procedure (4.5) NOTE Three quality assurance levels can be achieved as part of the quality assurance framework: basic, operational and full. 2 ISO 2012 All rights reserved ISO/TS 19158:2012(E) 4.9 quality control part of quality (4.4) management focused on fu

34、lfilling quality requirements SOURCE: ISO 9000:2005, definition 3.2.10 4.10 sub-process activity elements of a process (4.2) NOTE Sub-processes can be broken down even further as is deemed necessary to control the quality (4.4) of the process. EXAMPLE In the case of photogrammetric survey, aerial tr

35、iangulation can be considered a sub-process. 4.11 supplier organization or person that provides a product (4.3) SOURCE: ISO 9000:2005, definition 3.3.6 NOTE 1 The supplier can be internal or external to the customer organization. NOTE 2 In the context of this Technical Specification, the supplier ha

36、s provided a product via a process that can have some impact on quality (4.4). 5 Abbreviated terms AQL Acceptance Quality Limit (ISO 3534-2 1 ) sometimes referred to as Acceptable Quality Level GI Geographic Information KPI Key Performance Indicators QC Quality Control QA Quality Assurance 6 General

37、 principles 6.1 Quality assurance in production and update Customers can provide data product specifications to suppliers expecting them to deliver data according to that specification with little or no input into the suppliers processes. Delivery is expected on time and to the volumes requested wit

38、h data at the required quality level. This approach creates risks, as until the final product is delivered, there is limited confidence in the suppliers ability to achieve this. These risks are getting worse with the requirement for: more complex data, increased speed to market, and outsourced produ

39、ction and update (external to the customer). Figure 1 identifies that a product is created from the culmination of several interrelated processes combining outputs to produce a final product. By introducing quality evaluation processes to the ISO 2012 All rights reserved 3 ISO/TS 19158:2012(E) data

40、outputs from each process, sub-process, teams and individuals, according to the requirements of ISO 19157, it is possible to determine how the quality of the final product will be affected. EXAMPLE A process is employed to correct numerous data defects. The output from this process is then passed to

41、 another process tasked with further data enhancements. Through measuring the quality of the output of both processes the error introduced into the product will be more accurately understood than by measuring the product alone. In complex production and/or update processes it is not always clear whe

42、re an error has been created it is therefore not easy to resolve. ISO 19157 identifies that data quality elements can be evaluated in various ways and at different stages of the lifecycle of a dataset. In this instance that stage is the production and update stage where the objective is to assure th

43、e customer that the product can be built and maintained to the required quality. Figure 1 identifies that each individual, team, sub-process or process can be seen to be creating a dataset. It is this dataset that forms the scope for any testing. The scope will only include those data quality elemen

44、ts, based on ISO 19157, that can be affected by the individual, team, sub-process or process. In general all elements relevant to the final product will be considered. In all cases feedback on testing will be provided to ensure the required quality is achieved and maintained. This procedure may be m

45、anaged within a framework provided by a quality management system. NOTE In many cases the assurance of quality starts with the definition and design of a product. This aspect is covered in general terms in ISO 9001 3and more specifically with regard to GI in ISO 19131 5 . 6.2 Data quality evaluation

46、 This Technical Specification differentiates between data testing undertaken by the supplier and the customer as quality control (QC) and data quality assurance (QA) respectively. With this differentiation, and specific supplier responsibilities, the product is built on the concept of quality. QC da

47、ta quality evaluation is built in to the production process, monitoring and controlling the output of individuals, sub-processes and processes. The sampling regime of QC is designed to take into consideration the knowledge and skill of the operators and the complexity of the tasks. QC data quality r

48、esults will then provide strong indications of the likely quality of the product to be delivered to the customer. With quality assurance throughout the production process it is possible to check against customer requirements and to inform the product design process. Once data is delivered to the cus

49、tomer it can be tested as product (data QA). In this instance the customers sampling regime will take into consideration the experience of the supplier, the complexity of the task, the suppliers QC data quality results, quality plan and training records. The aim will be to reduce the requirement for data QA without creating further risk. 4 ISO 2012 All rights reserved ISO/TS 19158:2012(E) Quality evaluation Production /update Process Sub process Team Individual Data Data