ISO TR 22676-2006 Prosthetics - Testing of ankle-foot devices and foot units - Guidance on the application of the test loading conditions of ISO 22675 and on th.pdf

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1、 Reference number ISO/TR 22676:2006(E) ISO 2006TECHNICAL REPORT ISO/TR 22676 First edition 2006-10-01 Prosthetics Testing of ankle-foot devices and foot units Guidance on the application of the test loading conditions of ISO 22675 and on the design of appropriate test equipment Prothses Essais de mc

2、anismes cheville-pied et units de pied Directives dapplication des conditions de force dessai selon lISO 22675 et de la conception dquipement dessai appropri ISO/TR 22676:2006(E) PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobes licensing policy, this file may be

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5、le is suitable for use by ISO member bodies. In the unlikely event that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below. ISO 2006 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form

6、 or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 4

7、7 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ii ISO 2006 All rights reservedISO/TR 22676:2006(E) ISO 2006 All rights reserved iii Contents Page Foreword vi Introduction vii 1 Scope . 1 2 Guidance on the specification of the test loading conditions of ISO 22675 1 2.1 General. 1

8、2.2 Directions of static and maximum cyclic heel and forefoot reference loading . 1 2.2.1 Basic relationships and conditions 1 2.2.2 Lines of action of the resultant reference forces F R1and F R2 . 2 2.2.3 Position of the top load application point P T . 3 2.3 Magnitudes of static and maximum cyclic

9、 heel and forefoot reference loading . 6 2.4 Reference test loading conditions of static and cyclic tests . 7 2.4.1 Static tests. 7 2.4.2 Cyclic test 8 3 Guidance on the design of appropriate test equipment for the application of ISO 22675 20 3.1 Background statement. 20 3.2 Basic design for test eq

10、uipment . 20 3.3 Design variants for load application. 24 3.3.1 General. 24 3.3.2 Design variant A 24 3.3.3 Design variant B 24 3.3.4 Main differences between design variants A and B 25 3.4 Examples of crank gear designs. 25 3.4.1 General. 25 3.4.2 Asymmetrical (60:40) crank gear 25 3.4.3 Symmetrica

11、l (50:50) crank gear. 26 3.5 Effect of deviations of the tilting angle (t) from the specified profile (curve), addressed in 3.4, on the test loading conditions of ISO 22675. 30 3.6 Effect of the position of the tilting axis TA of the foot platform on the elevation E and the A-P displacement f of the

12、 test sample at the foot. 35 3.6.1 General. 35 3.6.2 Position of the tilting axis TA of the foot platform 36 3.6.3 Values of elevation E 36 3.6.4 Values of A-P displacement f 37 3.6.5 Conclusions 39 3.7 Effect of the elevation E and A-P displacement f of the test sample, caused by the tilting of the

13、 foot platform, on the test loading conditions of ISO 22675. 43 3.8 Transposition of the top load application point P Tfor compensation of the dependence of the position of the tilting axis TA of the foot platform on the foot length L . 49 3.8.1 General. 49 3.8.2 Possibilities of transposing the top

14、 load application point P T49 3.8.3 Practicality. 50 3.9 Effect of the position of the tilting axis TA of the foot platform on the tilting moment and the driving torque . 53 3.10 Alternative design of foot platform. 58 Annex A (informative) Information on ISO 22675 61 Bibliography . 62 ISO/TR 22676:

15、2006(E) iv ISO 2006 All rights reservedFigure 1 Illustration of different components of loading 10 Figure 2 Profiles (curves) of force components and tilting angle for test loading level P5, based on gait analysis data representative of normal level walking. 11 Figure 3 Profiles (curves) of force co

16、mponents and angles for test loading level P5, establishing the basis from which to specify the test loading conditions of ISO 22675. 12 Figure 4 Illustration of different test loading conditions for test loading level P5. 13 Figure 5 Illustration of different test loading conditions for test loadin

17、g levels P5, P4 and P3 15 Figure 6 Illustration of the dependence of the position of the top load application point P Ton the foot length L (see 2.2.3) 17 Figure 7 Illustration of the progression of the line of action of the resultant force F Rfrom heel contact to toe-off in 30 ms time increments fo

18、r related values of angle shown in Figure 3 . 19 Figure 8 Diagrammatic view of test equipment with test sample. 22 Figure 9 Parameters of a crank gear capable of driving the foot platform of the test equipment to generate the profile (curve) (t) . 23 Figure 10 Asymmetrical (60:40) crank gear accordi

19、ng to 3.4.2 Tilting range 20 (heel contact) to + 40 (toe-off) 27 Figure 11 Symmetrical (50:50) crank gear according to 3.4.3 Tilting range 20 (heel contact) via + 40 (toe-off) to + 50 28 Figure 12 Tilting characteristics of asymmetrical (60:40) crank gear according to 3.4.2 and Figure 10 and symmetr

20、ical (50:50) crank gear according to 3.4.3 and Figure 11 29 Figure 13 Profiles (curves) of angles , and as specified and as produced by crank gear 60:40. 31 Figure 14 Illustration of angular deviations produced by crank gear 60:40 . 32 Figure 15 Profiles (curves) of force components F Pand F T , as

21、specified and as produced by crank gear 60:40 33 Figure 16 Illustration of force deviations produced by crank gear 60:40 34 Figure 17 Illustration of distortion of time base of test force F produced by crank gear 60:40 35 Figure 18 Effect of f-position of tilting axis TA of foot platform on the elev

22、ation E of the foot at the instants of heel contact and toe-off 40 Figure 19 Effect of u-position of tilting axis TA of foot platform on the A/P displacement f of the foot at the instant of toe-off. 41 Figure 20 Values of elevation E and A-P displacement f at specific positions of tilting axis TA 42

23、 Figure 21 Illustration of the effect of A-P displacement f on the angular movement of the test sample about the “internal“ top load application point P Tin an arrangement according to 3.3.2 46 Figure 22 Illustration of the effect of A-P displacement f on the angular movement of the test sample abou

24、t the “external“ top load application point P TEin an arrangement according to 3.3.3 47 Figure 23 Illustration of possibilities of transposing the top load application point P Tfor compensating the dependence of the position of the tilting axis TA of the foot platform on the foot length L 51 Figure

25、24 Illustration of the effect of a fixed compromise offset u TA, Cof the tilting axis TA of the foot platform on the A-P displacement f at the foot for different foot lengths L see 3.8.2 c) 2) 52 ISO/TR 22676:2006(E) ISO 2006 All rights reserved v Figure 25 Illustration of effective lever arms 55 Fi

26、gure 26 Force transmission by asymmetrical (60:40) crank gear drive according to 3.4.2 and Figure 10 56 Figure 27 Force transmission by symmetrical (50:50) crank gear drive according to 3.4.3 and Figure 11 57 Figure 28 Tilting characteristic of foot platform of polycentric (four-bar-linkage) design

27、59 Figure 29 Horizontal displacement of instantaneous centre IC of foot platform of polycentric (four-bar-linkage) design . 60 Table 1 Magnitudes of resultant reference forces F R1xand F R2x . 7 Table 2 Coordinates f TAand u TAof the tilting axis TA of the foot platform and related values of elevati

28、on E and A-P displacement f for foot length L = 30 cm 43 Table 3 Specific values demonstrating the effect of A-P displacement f on the angular movement of the test sample about the top load application point P Tfor foot length L = 30 cm 48 Table 4 Possibilities of transposing the top load applicatio

29、n point P Tfor compensating the dependence of the position of the tilting axis TA of the foot platform on the foot length L. 53 Table 5 Moments at tilting axis TA and crankshaft CS, generated by test force F(t) at test loading level P5, applied to test sample of foot length L = 30 cm 58 Table A.1 Ex

30、cerpt from contents of Annexes A and E of ISO 22675:2006 and list of corresponding clause/s of this Technical Report, in which selected items are dealt with. 61 ISO/TR 22676:2006(E) vi ISO 2006 All rights reservedForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federa

31、tion of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committ

32、ee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance

33、 with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires ap

34、proval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. In exceptional circumstances, when a technical committee has collected data of a different kind from that which is normally published as an International Standard (“state of the art”, for example), it may decide by a simple majority vote o

35、f its participating members to publish a Technical Report. A Technical Report is entirely informative in nature and does not have to be reviewed until the data it provides are considered to be no longer valid or useful. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document

36、 may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO/TR 22676 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 168, Prosthetics and orthotics. ISO/TR 22676:2006(E) ISO 2006 All rights reserved vii Introduction This Technical Report is e

37、xclusively intended for use in connection with ISO 22675. This Technical Report offers information that is closely related to the above International Standard but is not necessarily required for its application. In order to confine the volume of ISO 22675 to the necessary, information with guidance

38、character has been separated from it and compiled in this Technical Report. TECHNICAL REPORT ISO/TR 22676:2006(E) ISO 2006 All rights reserved 1 Prosthetics Testing of ankle-foot devices and foot units Guidance on the application of the test loading conditions of ISO 22675 and on the design of appro

39、priate test equipment 1 Scope This Technical Report offers guidance on: a) the specification of the test loading conditions of ISO 22675; b) the design of appropriate test equipment. The analytical work related to these items would have expanded the length of ISO 22675 without being directly require

40、d for its application. Most of the text of this Technical Report relates to the theoretical and technical background and the design of the equipment. 2 Guidance on the specification of the test loading conditions of ISO 22675 2.1 General Although the concept of the tests on ankle-foot devices and fo

41、ot units of ISO 22675 differs from that of the corresponding tests of ISO 10328, the relevant values of loads and dimensions are adopted where possible. Nevertheless, a few adaptations are unavoidable. In order to confine the volume of ISO 22675 to the necessary, these and other matters relevant to

42、the specification of the test loading conditions and test loading levels of ISO 22675 are dealt with in detail in this Technical Report. 2.2 Directions of static and maximum cyclic heel and forefoot reference loading NOTE For the meaning of “reference” see also statements under “IMPORTANT” at the en

43、d of 2.4.1 and 2.4.2. 2.2.1 Basic relationships and conditions The specification of the directions of static and maximum cyclic heel and forefoot reference loading is based on the relationships of a) and the conditions of b) and c) below. a) According to Figure 1, for any instant of the loading peri

44、od shown in Figure 2 there is a given relationship between the test force F and the forces at the foot platform, comprising the tangential (A-P) force component F T , the perpendicular force component F Pand their resultant F R . This relationship is determined by the angles , and . The following Eq

45、uations apply: + = (1) = arctan (F T /F P ) (2) ISO/TR 22676:2006(E) 2 ISO 2006 All rights reservedb) The values of the tilting angles 1and 2of the foot platform for static and maximum cyclic heel and forefoot reference loading are consistent with those specified in ISO 10328 for the separate struct

46、ural tests on ankle-foot devices and foot units. These values are 1= 15 for heel loading and 2= 20 for forefoot loading (see Table 10, Figure 7 and 17.2 of ISO 10328:2006 and Table 8 of ISO 22675:2006). c) The ratio F T /F Pof the values of the tangential and perpendicular force components at the fo

47、ot platform according to Figures 1 and 2 for static and maximum cyclic heel and forefoot reference loading at the tilting angles according to b) is roughly 0,15. NOTE The ratio addressed in c) is based on gait analysis data representative of normal level walking. 2.2.2 Lines of action of the resulta

48、nt reference forces F R1and F R2The relationships of 2.2.1 a) and the conditions of 2.2.1 b) and c) allow the inclination of the lines of action of the resultant reference forces F R1and F R2of static and maximum cyclic heel and forefoot reference loading to be specified as follows: from Equation (2

49、) and the condition according to 2.2.1 c) = arctan (F T /F P ) = arctan ( 0,15) = 8,5 ; from Equation (1) and the conditions according to 2.2.1 b) 1= 1 1= 15 + 8,5 = 6,5 and 2= 2 2= 20 8,5 = 11,5 . The inclinations of the load lines of test loading conditions I and II of the principal structural tests of ISO 10328 do not correspond to these values