ISO 9050-2003 Glass in building - Determination of light transmittance solar direct transmittance total solar energy transmittance ultraviolet transmittance and.pdf

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1、 Reference number ISO 9050:2003(E) ISO 2003INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 9050 Second edition 2003-08-15 Glass in building Determination of light transmittance, solar direct transmittance, total solar energy transmittance, ultraviolet transmittance and related glazing factors Verre dans la construction

2、Dtermination de la transmission lumineuse, de la transmission solaire directe, de la transmission nergtique solaire totale, de la transmission de lultraviolet et des facteurs drivs des vitrages ISO 9050:2003(E) PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobes li

3、censing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but shall not be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are licensed to and installed on the computer performing the editing. In downloading this file, parties accept therein the responsibility of not infringing Adobes licensing policy. The

4、ISO Central Secretariat accepts no liability in this area. Adobe is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated. Details of the software products used to create this PDF file can be found in the General Info relative to the file; the PDF-creation parameters were optimized for printing. Every care has

5、been taken to ensure that the file is suitable for use by ISO member bodies. In the unlikely event that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below. ISO 2003 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be re

6、produced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 2

7、2 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ii ISO 2003 All rights reservedISO 9050:2003(E) ISO 2003 All rights reserved iiiContents Page Foreword iv 1 Scope 1 2 Normative references . 1 3 Determination of characteristic parameters. 2 3.1 Genera

8、l. 2 3.2 Performance of optical measurements. 2 3.3 Light transmittance. 3 3.4 Light reflectance . 5 3.5 Total solar energy transmittance (solar factor) .6 3.6 UV-transmittance 14 3.7 CIE damage factor. 14 3.8 Skin damage factor . 15 3.9 Colour rendering . 15 4 Reference values. 16 5 Test report 16

9、Annex A (normative) Calculation procedures . 22 Bibliography . 27 ISO 9050:2003(E) iv ISO 2003 All rights reservedForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standard

10、s is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take

11、part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is t

12、o prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility

13、that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 9050 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 160, Glass in building, Subcommittee SC 2, Use considerations. This second edition canc

14、els and replaces the first edition (ISO 9050:1990), which has been technically revised. INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 9050:2003(E) ISO 2003 All rights reserved 1Glass in building Determination of light transmittance, solar direct transmittance, total solar energy transmittance, ultraviolet transmittanc

15、e and related glazing factors 1 Scope This International Standard specifies methods of determining light and energy transmittance of solar radiation for glazing in buildings. These characteristic data can serve as a basis for light, heating and ventilation calculations of rooms and can permit compar

16、ison between different types of glazing. This International Standard is applicable both to conventional glazing units and to absorbing or reflecting solar-control glazing, used as glazed apertures. The appropriate formulae for single, double and triple glazing are given. Furthermore, the general cal

17、culation procedures for units consisting of more than components are established. This International Standard is applicable to all transparent materials. One exception is the treatment of the secondary heat transfer factor and the total solar energy factor for those materials that show significant t

18、ransmittance in the wavelength region of ambient temperature radiation (5 m to 50 m), such as certain plastic sheets. NOTE For multiple glazing including elements with light-scattering properties, the more detailed procedures of ISO 15099 can be used. For daylighting calculations, procedures can be

19、found in reference 1. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO

20、9845-1:1992, Solar energy Reference solar spectral irradiance at the ground at different receiving conditions Part 1: Direct normal and hemispherical solar irradiance for air mass 1,5 ISO 10291:1994, Glass in building Determination of steady-state U values (thermal transmittance) of multiple glazing

21、 Guarded hot plate method ISO 10292:1994, Glass in building Calculation of steady-state U values (thermal transmittance) of multiple glazing ISO 10293:1997, Glass in building Determination of steady-state U values (thermal transmittance) of multiple glazing Heat flow meter method ISO 10526:1999/CIE

22、S005:1998, CIE standard illuminants for colorimetry ISO/CIE 10527:1991, CIE standard colorimetric observers CIE 13.3:1995, Technical report Method of measuring and specifying colour rendering properties of light source ISO 9050:2003(E) 2 ISO 2003 All rights reserved3 Determination of characteristic

23、parameters 3.1 General The characteristic parameters are determined for quasi-parallel, almost normal radiation incidence. For the measurements, the samples shall be irradiated by a beam whose axis is at an angle not exceeding 10 from the normal to the surface. The angle between the axis and any ray

24、 of the illuminating beam shall not exceed 5 (see reference 2). The characteristic parameters are as follows: the spectral transmittance (), the spectral external reflectance o () and the spectral internal reflectance i () in the wavelength range of 300 nm to 2 500 nm; the light transmittance v , th

25、e external light reflectance v,oand the internal light reflectance v,ifor illuminant D65; the solar direct transmittance eand the solar direct reflectance e ; the total solar energy transmittance (solar factor) g; the UV-transmittance UV ; the general colour rendering index R a . If the value of a g

26、iven characteristic is required for different glass thicknesses (in the case of uncoated glass) or for the same coating applied to different glass substrates, it may be obtained by calculation (see Annex A). If nothing else is stated, the published characteristic parameters shall be determined using

27、 the standard conditions given in 3.3 to 3.7. Other optional conditions given in Clause 4 shall be stated. When calculating the characteristic parameters of multiple glazing, the spectral data of each glass component instead of integrated data shall be used. 3.2 Performance of optical measurements O

28、ptical measurements in transmission and reflection require special care and much experimental experience to achieve an accuracy in transmittance and reflectance of about 0,01. Commercial spectrophotometers (with or without integrating spheres) are affected by various sources of inaccuracy when used

29、for reflectance and transmittance measurements on flat glass for building. The wavelength calibration and the photometric linearity of commercial spectrophotometers shall be checked periodically using reference materials obtained from metrological laboratories. The wavelength calibration shall be pe

30、rformed by measuring glass plates or solutions which feature relatively sharp absorption bands at specified wavelengths; the photometric linearity shall be checked using grey filters with a certified transmittance. For reflectance measurements, reference materials having a reflection behaviour (i.e.

31、 reflectance level and ratio of diffuse and direct reflectance) similar to the unknown sample shall be selected. Thick samples (e.g. laminated glass or insulating units) can modify the optical path of the instruments beam as compared to the path in air and therefore the sample beam hits an area of t

32、he detector having a different responsivity. ISO 9050:2003(E) ISO 2003 All rights reserved 3A similar source of inaccuracy occurs in case of samples with significant wedge angles which deflect the transmitted (and reflected) beams. It is recommended to check the reproducibility by repeating the meas

33、urement after rotating the sample. Additionally, in the case of reflectance measurements, glass sheets cause a lateral shear of the beam reflected by the second surface, causing reflectance losses (whose extent is particulary evident in the case of thick and/or wedged samples). This source of inaccu

34、racy shall be taken into account particularly in the case of reflectance measurements through the uncoated side. In order to quantify and correct systematic errors, it is recommended to use calibrated reflectance standards with a thickness similar to the unknown sample. In the case of diffusing samp

35、les (or samples with a non-negligible diffusing component or wedged samples), transmittance and reflectance measurements shall be performed using integrating spheres whose openings are sufficiently large to collect all the diffusely transmitted or reflected beam. The sphere diameter shall be adequat

36、e and the internal surface adequately coated with a highly diffusing reflectance material, so that the internal area can provide the necessary multiple reflections. Reference materials with characteristics similar to the unknown sample as specified above shall be used. If the transmittance or reflec

37、tance curve recorded by the spectrometer exhibits a high level of noise for some wavelengths, the values to be considered for those wavelengths should be obtained after a smoothing of the noise. In this International Standard, these requirements are not all treated in detail. For more information, s

38、ee reference 3 which gives comprehensive and detailed information on how to perform optical measurements. 3.3 Light transmittance The light transmittance vof glazing shall be calculated using the following formula: () () () 780 nm 380 nm v 780 nm 380 nm DV DV = = = (1) where D is the relative spectr

39、al distribution of illuminant D65 (see ISO/CIE 10526), () is the spectral transmittance of glazing; V() is the spectral luminous efficiency for photopic vision defining the standard observer for photometry (see ISO/CIE 10527); is the wavelength interval. Table 1 indicates the values for D V() for wa

40、velength intervals of 10 nm. The table has been drawn up in such a way that D V() = 1. In the case of multiple glazing, the spectral transmittance () shall be obtained by calculation from the spectral characteristics of the individual components. Alternatively measurements on non-diffusing multiple

41、units may be performed using an integrating sphere. This may be achieved after reducing the interspaces under conditions that allow the collection of the whole transmitted beam (see 3.2). The calculation of the spectral transmittance () shall be performed using methods such as algebraic manipulation

42、, the embedding technique of reference 4 or by recursion techniques (e.g. according to reference 5). Any algorithm that can be shown to yield consistently the correct solution is acceptable. ISO 9050:2003(E) 4 ISO 2003 All rights reservedFor the calculation of () as well as for the calculation of sp

43、ectral reflectance (see 3.4), the following symbols for the spectral transmittance and spectral reflectance of the individual components are used: 1 () is the spectral transmittance of the outer (first) pane; 2 () is the spectral transmittance of the second pane; n () is the spectral transmittance o

44、f the nth (inner) pane (e.g. for triple glazing n = 3); 1 () is the spectral reflectance of the outer (first) pane measured in the direction of incident radiation; 1 () is the spectral reflectance of the outer (first) pane measured in the opposite direction of incident radiation; 2 () is the spectra

45、l reflectance of the second pane measured in the direction of incident radiation; 2 () is the spectral reflectance of the second pane measured in the opposite direction of incident radiation; n () is the spectral reflectance of the nth (inner) pane measured in the direction of incident radiation; n

46、() is the spectral reflectance of the nth (inner) pane measured in the opposite direction of incident radiation. For the spectral transmittance () as a function of the spectral characteristics of the individual components of the unit, the following formulae are obtained. a) For double glazing: () (

47、) ( ) () () 12 12 1 = (2) b) For triple glazing: () () () () () () () () () () () 123 2 12 23213 11 = (3) For multiple glazing with more than three components, relationships similar to Equations (2) and (3) are found to calculate () of such glazing from the spectral characteristics of the individual

48、 components. As these formulae become very complex, they are not given here. As an example for calculating () according to the procedures of this International Standard, a glazing composed of five components may be treated as follows: first consider the first three components as triple glazing and c

49、alculate the spectral characteristics of this combination; next, run the same procedure for the next two components as double glazing; then calculate () for the five component glazing, considering it as double glazing consisting of the preceding triple and double glazing. ISO 9050:2003(E) ISO 2003 All right