ISO 15442-2012 Cranes - Safety requirements for loader cranes《起重机 装载机起重机的安全要求》.pdf

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1、 ISO 2012 Cranes Safety requirements for loader cranes Appareils de levage charge suspendue Exigences de scurit pour les grues de chargement INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 15442 Second edition 2012-11-15 Reference number ISO 15442:2012(E) ISO 15442:2012(E)ii ISO 2012 All rights reserved COPYRIGHT PROTEC

2、TED DOCUMENT ISO 2012 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISOs mem

3、ber body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ISO 15442:2012(E) ISO 2012 All rights reserved iii Contents Page Foreword iv Introduction v 1

4、 Scope . 1 2 Normative references 1 3 T erms and definitions . 2 3.1 Definitions . 2 3.2 Terminology 6 4 Safety requirements and/or protective measures 7 4.1 Calculation of rated capacity . 7 4.2 Structural calculation 8 4.3 Stress analysis .12 4.4 Mechanical arrangements 12 4.5 Hydraulic system 14

5、4.6 Limiting and indicating devices 16 4.7 Controls 19 4.8 Control stations .20 4.9 Electrical systems and related phenomena.22 4.10 Installation .22 5 V erification of the safety r equir ements and/or measur es 24 5.1 General 24 5.2 Testing and test procedures .27 6 Information for use .30 6.1 Gene

6、ral 30 6.2 Manuals 30 6.3 Marking 33 Annex A (informative) List of significant hazar ds38 Annex B (informative) Ex amples of c onfigur ations and mountings .41 Annex C (informative) Explanatory notes 46 Annex D (informative) Examples of movements to be prevented in event of overload 47 Annex E (norm

7、ative) Additional requirements for cableless controls and control systems 49 Annex F (normative) Symbols for working and setting-up functions .51 Annex G (informative) Control system Preferred vertical layout for controls operated from the gr ound 52 Annex H (informative) C ontr ol s y st ems Horizo

8、ntal la y out or der 54 Annex I (informative) C ontr ol le v ers for hig h seats and r emot e c ontr ols 57 Annex J (normative) Cabins fitt ed on chassis-mount ed loader cr anes up t o load moment of 250 kN m .59 Annex K (informative) Examples of raised control stations .61 Annex L (normative) Raise

9、d c ontr ol stations Handr ails and handholds, ladders and st eps 64 Annex M (informative) Installation of loader cr anes on chassis 67 Annex N (normative) User information pertaining to noise 73 Annex O (informative) Str ess hist ory par amet er s and str ess hist ory classes S.74 Bibliogr aph y .7

10、6 ISO 15442:2012(E) Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a s

11、ubject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission

12、(IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical comm

13、ittees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not

14、be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 15442 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 96, Cranes, Subcommittee SC 6, Mobile cranes. T h i s s e c o n d e d i t i o n c a n c e l s a n d r e p l a c e s t h e f i r s t e d i t i o n ( ISO 15442:2005), which has been

15、technically revised.iv ISO 2012 All rights reserved ISO 15442:2012(E) Introduction This document is a type-C standard as stated in ISO 12100. The machinery concerned and the extent to which hazards, hazardous situations or hazardous events are covered are indicated in the Scope of this document. W h

16、en r equ i r ement s of t h i s t y pe - C s t a nda r d a r e d i f fer ent f r om t hose wh ich a r e s t at ed i n t y pe -A or B s t a nda r d s, the requirements of this type-C standard take precedence over the requirements of the other standards for machines that have been designed and built a

17、ccording to the requirements of this type-C standard. Even though a loader crane mounted on a chassis may be considered as a particular type of mobile crane, with very few exceptions International Standards developed for mobile cranes do not currently include specific requirements for loader cranes.

18、 This International Standard identifies specific safety requirements for loader cranes, when applicable, refers to existing International Standards which contain provisions that can be applied to loader cranes, promotes loader crane safety by both identifying specific requirements and referring to e

19、xisting applicable standards, so that incorporating all such provisions into the design and use of loader cranes will guard against and minimize injury to workers and damage to equipment, facilitates the work of everyone in the field of loader cranes (designers, supervisors and other personnel, as w

20、ell as people directly or indirectly responsible for their safe use and maintenance) who needs to consult currently available International Standard for loader cranes, and contributes to the further international harmonization of loader crane standards. ISO 2012 All rights reserved v Cranes Safety r

21、equirements for loader cranes 1 Scope This International Standard specifies the minimum requirements for the design, calculation, examination and testing of hydraulic powered loader cranes and their mountings onto chassis or static foundations. It is applicable to all new loader cranes manufactured

22、one year after its publication. It is not the intent of this International Standard to require the retrofitting of existing loader cranes. It is not applicable to loader cranes used on board ships or floating structures or to articulated boom system cranes designed as a total integral part of specia

23、l equipment such as forwarders. It deals with all significant hazards, hazardous situations or hazardous events relevant to loader cranes, with the exception of hazards related to the lifting of persons, when used as intended and under conditions of misuse which are reasonably foreseeable by the man

24、ufacturer. See Annex A for a list of the significant hazards. NOTE The use of cranes for the lifting of persons may be subject to specific national regulations. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for

25、its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 3744, Acoustics Determination of sound power levels and sound energy levels of noise sources using sound pressure Engin

26、eering methods for an essentially free field over a reflecting plane ISO 3864-1, Graphical symbols Safety colours and safety signs Part 1: Design principles for safety signs and safety markings ISO 4302, Cranes Wind load assessment ISO 4306-1, Cranes Vocabulary Part 1: General ISO 4310, Cranes Test

27、code and procedures ISO 4413, Hydraulic fluid power General rules relating to systems ISO 5353, Earth-moving machinery, and tractors and machinery for agriculture and forestry Seat index point ISO 7752-1, Cranes Control layout and characteristics Part 1: General principles ISO 8566-1, Cranes Cabins

28、and control stations Part 1: General ISO 8566-2, Cranes Cabins Part 2: Mobile cranes ISO 11201, Acoustics Noise emitted by machinery and equipment Determination of emission sound pressure levels at a work station and at other specified positions in an essentially free field over a reflecting plane w

29、ith negligible environmental corrections ISO 10245-1, Cranes Limiting and indicating devices Part 1: General ISO 11660-1, Cranes Access, guards and restraints Part 1: General ISO 11660-2, Cranes Access, guards and restraints Part 2: Mobile cranes INTERNATIONAL ST ANDARD ISO 15442:2012(E) ISO 2012 Al

30、l rights reserved 1 ISO 15442:2012(E) ISO 12100:2010, Safety of machinery General principles for design Risk assessment and risk reduction ISO 13849-1, Safety of machinery Safety-related parts of control systems Part 1: General principles for design ISO 13854, Safety of machinery Minimum gaps to avo

31、id crushing of parts of the human body ISO 13857, Safety of machinery Safety distances to prevent hazard zones being reached by upper and lower limbs ISO 20332, Cranes Proof of competence of steel structures IEC 60068-2-64, Environmental testing Part 2: Test methods Test Fh: Vibration, broad-band ra

32、ndom (digital control) and guidance IEC 60204-32:2008, Safety of machinery Electrical equipment of machines Part 32: Requirements for hoisting machines IEC 61000-6-2, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) Part 6-2: Generic standards Immunity for industrial environments IEC 61000-6-4, Electromagnetic c

33、ompatibility (EMC) Part 6: Generic standards Section 4: Emission standard for industrial environments 3 T erms an d definiti ons For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 4306-1, ISO 12100 and the following apply. 3.1 Definitions 3.1.1 loader crane powered crane compr

34、ising a column that slews about a base, and a boom system that is attached to the top of the column and which is usually fitted on a vehicle (including trailer) and designed for loading and unloading the vehicle SOURCE: ISO 4306-2:2012, 5.2, modified Note 3 is not included in the source definition.

35、NOTE 1 ISO 3833:1977 defines commercial vehicle as a motor vehicle which, on account of its design and appointments, is used mainly for conveying goods, and which may also tow a trailer. An example of one type of commercial vehicle equipped with a loader crane is shown in ISO 4306-2:2012, Figure 9.

36、NOTE 2 A loader crane installed on another type of vehicle or on a static base is still considered a loader crane. NOTE 3 Annex B gives examples of boom system configurations and installations. 3.1.1.1 recycling crane loader crane specifically designed, manufactured and equipped with a grapple for l

37、oading/unloading of recycling materials (e.g. scrap metal) NOTE Recycling cranes are designed to operate at higher speeds and with higher dynamic loads than other types of loader crane and these differences are reflected in some of the requirements of this International Standard. 3.1.1.2 timber cran

38、e loader crane specifically designed, manufactured and equipped with a grapple for loading/unloading of unprepared timber (e.g. tree trunks, branches) NOTE 1 The operator controls the crane from a high seat or from a cabin.2 ISO 2012 All rights reserved ISO 15442:2012(E) NOTE 2 Timber cranes are des

39、igned to operate at higher speeds and with higher dynamic loads than other types of loader crane and these differences are reflected in some of the requirements of this International Standard. 3.1.2 articulated movement movement of boom members pivoting about a pin joint 3.1.3 base housing incorpora

40、ting anchoring points and bearings for the slewing column 3.1.4 boom structural member in the boom system of the loader crane 3.1.4.1 hyd r au l ic bo om e x t e n s ion part of the boom which is capable of hydraulic telescopic movement to vary its length 3.1.4.2 manual boom extension part of the bo

41、om which can be manually extended or retracted 3.1.4.3 boom system complete system, consisting of booms, boom extensions and cylinders 3.1.5 column structural member which supports the boom system 3.1.6 control system interface between the operating levers and the actuating components which provide

42、movements of the loader crane 3.1.7 control station position from which the loader crane may be operated 3.1.7.1 raised control station control station at a height above the ground level, comprising a high seat attached to the column of the loader crane or a platform positioned above the base of the

43、 loader crane NOTE See Annex K. 3.1.8 crane inclination angle between the slewing axis and a vertical line, due to working on slanted or uneven ground 3.1.9 d a n g er z one hazard z one any space within and/or around machinery in which a person can be exposed to a hazard SOURCE: ISO 12100:2010, 3.1

44、1. 3.1.10 dead load force due to masses of fixed and movable crane parts which act permanently on the structure while the crane is being used ISO 2012 All rights reserved 3 ISO 15442:2012(E) 3.1.11 dynamic pressure pressure in a hydraulic system component or part of hydraulic system caused by dynami

45、c forces on actuators when handling the load 3.1.12 f i xe d l o ad l if t ing a t t ac h me nt equipment from which the net load may be suspended and which is fitted directly to the boom head as an integral part of the crane 3.1.13 f low- s e n s i t i ve c h eck v a l ve valve which stops the flow

46、 when a pre-set pressure drop level is exceeded 3.1.14 gross load sum of payload, lifting attachments and if applicable a portion of the hoist rope 3.1.15 hig h s e at control station connected to the column, consequently rotating with the crane 3.1.16 hoi s t machine for lifting and lowering suspen

47、ded loads over predetermined distances, using ropes, chains or belts 3.1.17 hyd r au l ic l i ne r up t u r e failure of a hydraulic line which results in a loss of pressure in the line 3.1.18 lo ad h old i n g v a l ve v a l v e w h i c h i s n o r m a l l y c l o s e d a n d i s o p e n e d b y a

48、n e x t e r n a l f o r c e t o e n a b l e fl o w o f fl u i d o u t o f a hydraulic actuator 3.1.19 main relief valve valve which limits the pressure supplied to the hydraulic system of the crane 3.1.20 maximum working load maximum load that may be lifted NOTE It is the largest load appearing in t

49、he load plate. 3.1.21 maximum working pressure maximum pressure in pump circuit or individual working function 3.1.22 net lifting moment rated capacity multiplied by outreach 3.1.23 non-f i x e d l o ad l if t ing a t t ac h me nt lifting accessory which can be fitted directly or indirectly to the hook or any other coupling device of a crane by the user without affecting its integrity 3.1.24 ou t r e ac h horizontal distance between the axis of rotatio