ISO 15206-2010 Timber poles - Basic requirements and test methods《木材杆材 基本要求和试验方法》.pdf

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1、 Reference number ISO 15206:2010(E) ISO 2010INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 15206 First edition 2010-04-01 Timber poles Basic requirements and test methods Poteaux en bois Exigences de base et mthodes dessai ISO 15206:2010(E) PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with

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4、 care has been taken to ensure that the file is suitable for use by ISO member bodies. In the unlikely event that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below. COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2010 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified

5、, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case p

6、ostale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ii ISO 2010 All rights reservedISO 15206:2010(E) ISO 2010 All rights reserved iiiContents Page Foreword iv Introduction.v 1 Scope1 2 Normative references1 3 Terms

7、 and definitions .2 4 Symbols and abbreviated terms 6 5 General requirements .7 5.1 Marking.7 5.2 Tree felling and wood preparation.7 5.3 Requirements for pole sizes, tolerances, permissible deviations and damage .7 5.4 Characteristic values 7 5.5 Strength-reducing characteristics.8 5.6 Other charac

8、teristics.10 5.7 Untreated wood poles.10 5.8 Preservative-treated wood poles .10 6 Test methods .11 6.1 Length and diameter .11 6.2 Knots and knot clusters11 6.3 Slope of grain.11 6.4 Rate of growth .11 6.5 Bark pockets and rind galls .12 6.6 Mechanical damage.12 6.7 Fissures, splits and checks12 6.

9、8 Determination of moisture content12 7 Evaluation of conformity 12 7.1 General .12 7.2 Initial type testing 12 7.3 Product assessment .13 8 Marking and declarations .13 8.1 Marking (mandatory) .13 8.2 Specific marking and declarations 13 8.3 Marking (optional) .14 Annex A (informative) Commonly use

10、d sizes for wood poles .15 Annex B (normative) Scheme for sampling preservative-treated wood poles by taking borings .16 Annex C (normative) Test method for bending properties Cantilever method .17 Annex D (normative) Test method for bending properties Four-point method.22 Annex E (normative) Test m

11、ethod for bending properties Three-point method proof test .28 Annex F (normative) Determination of characteristic values.33 Bibliography37 ISO 15206:2010(E) iv ISO 2010 All rights reservedForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standar

12、ds bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organi

13、zations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in

14、 the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 %

15、of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 15206 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 165, Timber

16、 structures. ISO 15206:2010(E) ISO 2010 All rights reserved vIntroduction This International Standard covers the requirements for grading and assignment of characteristic values that can be used for the design of timber poles used as cantilevers and/or in compression. It is the responsibility of the

17、 supplier to always ensure that all products supplied are in conformity with the requirements of this International Standard and any other specification with which they are provided. This International Standard is intended for the initial determination of the characteristic values for a given popula

18、tion of poles and additional determination when there is a reason to suspect that the characteristics of a population have changed. This International Standard recognizes that there are many different visual strength-grading rules for timber in use internationally. These have come into existence to

19、allow for different species or groups of species, geographic origin, different dimensional requirements, varying requirements for different uses, the quality of material available, and historical influences or traditions. Because of the diversity of existing standards for wood poles for overhead lin

20、es in use in different countries, it is impossible to lay down a single set of acceptable visual grading rules. This International Standard therefore gives the basic principles to be followed when drawing up regional, national, local or buyer requirements for some characteristics and sets limits for

21、 others. In laying down visual grading rules, two main factors are relevant: they shall clearly define and limit the strength-affecting characteristics in poles, such that there is very high confidence that poles supplied meet the required characteristic strength value; the rules and the text are su

22、ch that they can be easily understood and be suitable for implementation by grading personnel. This International Standard is also concerned with the durability characteristics of wood poles for overhead power and telecommunication lines. It assumes that all such poles are constructed from round tim

23、ber in which the finished product comprises either a central core of heartwood surrounded by a zone of sapwood or the heartwood only. Such assumptions dictate that where sapwood is present, preservative treatment is normally required in order to provide the poles with sufficient enhanced durability,

24、 unless the amount of sapwood present is such that its loss would not compromise the integrity of the pole during its service life and the heartwood has sufficient natural durability as required by this International Standard. Some timber species do not allow an easy differentiation between heartwoo

25、d and sapwood. Various standards provide recommendations to address this problem; for example, EN 351-1 and AS 2209:1994 (Appendix D) specify the method of treatment of such timber when preservation is required. INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 15206:2010(E) ISO 2010 All rights reserved 1Timber poles Basi

26、c requirements and test methods 1 Scope This International Standard specifies the requirements for grading, test methods, determination of characteristic values, methods of specifying durability and sizes of single poles manufactured from solid timber for telecommunications and electrical distributi

27、on purposes, either preservative treated or untreated, under cantilever or compression loading. It specifies the: methods of measuring the sizes of solid wood poles for overhead transmission and telecommunication lines and permissible deviations that are taken into account for the acceptance of the

28、poles; requirements for handling and the characteristics for visual strength grading of softwood and hardwood poles, as well as the marking requirements; methods of test to determine characteristic values for modulus of elasticity and bending strength of any population of wood poles and moisture con

29、tent of solid wood poles; requirements for durability and preservative treatment of wood poles. This International Standard is applicable to both softwood and hardwood poles. This International Standard does not quantify the service life that can be expected from a pole. NOTE This depends on its geo

30、graphical location, the associated climate of its service environment and either the natural durability of the heartwood of the species selected or the combination between selection of species, preservative type, and requirements of retention and any incised zones. It is not applicable to poles used

31、 as beams. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 3166-1, Cod

32、es for the representation of names of countries and their subdivisions Part 1: Country codes ISO 21887:2007, Durability of wood and wood-based products Use classes AS/NZS 1604.1, Specification for preservative treatment Part 1: Sawn and round timber AS 2209:1994, Timber Poles for overhead lines AS 2

33、209:1994/Amd.1:1997, Timber Poles for overhead lines EN 252, Field test method for determining the relative protective effectiveness of a wood preservative in ground contact EN 351-1, Durability of wood and wood-based products Preservative-treated solid wood Part 1: Classification of preservative pe

34、netration and retention ISO 15206:2010(E) 2 ISO 2010 All rights reservedEN 599-1, Durability of wood and wood-based products Efficacy of preventive wood preservatives as determined by biological tests Part 1: Specification according to use class EN 13183-1, Moisture content of a piece of sawn timber

35、 Part 1: Determination by oven dry method EN 13183-2, Moisture content of a piece of sawn timber Part 2: Estimation by electrical resistance method 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 bark pocket bark that is partly or wholly encl

36、osed in the wood 3.2 characteristic value value corresponding to the 5th percentile of the statistical distribution of strength or the mean value of modulus of elasticity, at a 75 % confidence level 3.3 charge all the wood treated together in one treatment at one time (one complete treatment cycle)

37、3.4 crack separation of wood fibres across the grain NOTE These can be due to internal strains resulting from unequal longitudinal shrinkage, or the fibres being crinkled by compression or other external forces 3.5 critical zone 1,6 m length of pole measured from a point 1 m above the nominal ground

38、 line to 600 mm below the nominal ground line NOTE If the pole is nominated as a stayed pole, an additional zone measured from the top of the pole equivalent to the length between the nominal ground line and the butt of the pole shall be included. 3.6 decay rot decomposition of wood by fungi or othe

39、r micro-organisms resulting in softening, progressive loss of mass and strength, and often a change of texture and colour 3.7 direct testing testing the preservative treatment achieved by the direct measurement of the penetration and retention of preservative 3.8 double sweep sweep characterized by

40、two or more bends in one or several planes 3.9 fibre saturation point FSP state of a piece of timber when the cell walls are saturated with moisture but no moisture exists in the cell cavities ISO 15206:2010(E) ISO 2010 All rights reserved 33.10 fissure longitudinal separation of fibres 3.11 grain d

41、etector device for detecting the angle of grain in timber 3.12 growth rate mean number of growth rings per 25 mm 3.13 heart shake radial end shake originating at the pith 3.14 incised zone area of the lateral surface of the pole, which has undergone an incising process as an aid to securing deeper a

42、nd more uniform penetration of preservative NOTE The minimum limit of the incised zone should be 400 mm above and 400 mm below the specified ground line for the pole in service. 3.15 included sapwood presence in the heartwood of a complete or incomplete ring, having the colour and the properties of

43、sapwood 3.16 indirect testing testing the preservative treatment achieved by measurement of a property found to exhibit a correlation between itself and the penetration and retention of preservative 3.17 kerf groove or slot formed in wood during the process of sawing 3.18 knot portion of a branch em

44、bedded in wood 3.19 knot cluster knots located such that no grain recovery is evident between adjacent knots 3.20 knot diameter dimension of the knot measured on the surface of the pole and perpendicular to the axis of the pole NOTE The diameter takes the entire knot into account, including the sapw

45、ood. 3.21 length distance from the pole butt to the pole tip 3.22 maximum diameter largest diameter of the pole at the section of measurement ISO 15206:2010(E) 4 ISO 2010 All rights reserved3.23 minimum diameter smallest diameter of the pole at the section of measurement 3.24 moisture content ratio

46、of the mass of the quantity of water in a material to the mass of the dry material 3.25 nominal diameter 3.25.1 nominal diameter pole with 5 % or less ovality theoretical diameter, usually the diameter measured at the nominal ground line 3.25.2 nominal diameter pole with greater than 5 % ovality min

47、imum diameter 3.26 nominal ground line plane normal to the axis of the pole usually located at a distance of 600 mm plus 10 % of the nominal length from the butt end 3.27 ovality difference between the maximum and minimum diameter at a cross-section expressed as a percentage of the minimum diameter

48、3.28 pith innermost part of the pole 3.29 pole long, round timber for use in a free-standing application 3.30 pole butt lowermost point of the thicker end of the pole 3.31 pole tip uppermost point of the narrow end of the pole 3.32 population group of poles defined by having the same species, source

49、 and grade 3.33 resin pocket cavity that contains or has previously contained resin NOTE This may be similar to rind galls. 3.34 rind gall surface wound that has been partially enclosed by the growth of a tree ISO 15206:2010(E) ISO 2010 All rights reserved 53.35 ring shake fissure following the line of a growth ring 3.36 sample one or more poles taken from a single population 3.37 sampling unit single preservative-treated pole taken from a charge 3.38 scribe cranked rod with a swivel