ISO 14422-1999 Carbonaceous materials used in the production of aluminium - Cold-ramming pastes - Methods of sampling《铝生产用碳素材料 冷压糊料 取样方法》.pdf

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1、Reference number ISO 14422:1999(E) ISO 1999 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 14422 First edition 1999-10-01 Carbonaceous materials used in the production of aluminium Cold-ramming pastes Methods of sampling Produits carbons utiliss pour la production de laluminium Ptes de brasquage froid chantillonnageISO

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5、n below. ISO 1999 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member

6、body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 734 10 79 E-mail copyrightiso.ch Web www.iso.ch Printed in Switzerland ii ISO 1999 All rights reservedISO 14422:1999(E) ISO 1999 All rights reserved iii Contents Page Forew

7、ord.iv 1 Scope 1 2 Normative reference 1 3 Terms and definitions .1 4 General2 5 Apparatus .2 6 Procedure .4 6.1 Mass of increment .4 6.2 Mass of final sample4 6.3 Selection of items for sampling .4 6.4 Sampling techniques.4 6.4.1 Selection of technique 4 6.4.2 Coning and quartering 4 6.4.3 Flattene

8、d-heap technique .5 6.4.4 Sampling-spear technique5 6.4.5 Sampling from product during manufacture 5 6.5 Sample subdivision .5 6.5.1 Final sample .5 6.5.2 Laboratory and reference samples5 6.5.3 Test portions 5 7 Sampling report .6ISO 14422:1999(E) iv ISO 1999 All rights reserved Foreword ISO (the I

9、nternational Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee

10、has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnica

11、l standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 3. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by

12、 at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this International Standard may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. International Standard ISO 14422 wa

13、s prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 47, Chemistry, Subcommittee SC 7, Aluminium oxide, cryolite, aluminium fluoride, sodium fluoride, carbonaceous products for the aluminium industry.INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 14422:1999(E) ISO 1999 All rights reserved 1 Carbonaceous materials used in the produ

14、ction of aluminium Cold-ramming pastes Methods of sampling 1 Scope This International Standard describes methods and conditions for sampling of cold-ramming pastes used in aluminium manufacture. 2 Normative reference The following normative document contains provisions which, through reference in th

15、is text, constitutes provisions of this International Standard. For dated references, subsequent amendments to, or revisions of, any of these publications do not apply. However, parties to agreements based on this International Standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the m

16、ost recent editions of the normative documents indicated below. For undated references, the latest edition of the normative document referred to applies. Members of ISO and IEC maintain registers of currently valid International Standards. ISO 6257, Carbonaceous materials used in the production of a

17、luminium Pitch for electrodes Sampling. 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this International Standard, the terms and definitions given in ISO 6257 and the following apply. 3.1 cold-ramming paste mixture containing graded carbonaceous aggregate and bonding materials which harden when heated

18、 to form a carbonaceous bond NOTE Such a mixture needs to be installed at or near ambient temperature by the use of mechanical or pneumatic tools or vibration. 3.2 increment amount of material taken from a sample unit in a single operation with a sampling device 3.3 test portion amount of material t

19、aken from the laboratory sample and prepared in a manner suitable for use in a particular determination 3.4 sample unit item defined quantity of material having a boundary NOTE 1 The boundary may be physical, for example a container, or temporal, for example a particular time or time interval in the

20、 case of a stream of material.ISO 14422:1999(E) 2 ISO 1999 All rights reserved NOTE 2 A number of sample units may be gathered together, for example in a package or box. NOTE 3 In English, the terms “item“, “unit“ and “individual“ are sometimes used as synonyms for “sample unit“. In French, the term

21、 “individu“ is sometimes used as a synonym for “unit dchantillonnage“. 4 General The type of sampling equipment, and the preparation and reduction of the samples, which should not alter the properties to be determined, shall be agreed between the contracting parties. When sampling material in moveme

22、nt, do so during loading or unloading of the consignment or while packaging units are being filled (see 6.4.5). During sampling, sample division, and the preparation and storage of samples, protect the samples from any factors which may cause changes in the properties to be determined. If required,

23、subdivide the consignment into individual test lots (for example, if it is clear that the consignment consists of various lots or is to be treated in separate partial quantities). Distribute the increments over the entire consignment and take them at regular ponderal or temporal intervals which do n

24、ot vary throughout the duration of one sampling procedure. In addition, divide the consignment by mass and time into as many intervals as there are increments to be taken. Initial sampling is performed at a moment chosen at random within the first interval. NOTE The term “ponderal“ describes fixed i

25、ntervals of mass. 5 Apparatus Ensure that sample containers, sampling equipment and any ancillary equipment likely to come into contact with the product being sampled are clean and dry. 5.1 Quartering cross, of metal or other rigid impermeable material, with four blades joined together at the centre

26、 at right angles to each other. The height of the blades forming the cross shall be greater than that of the flattened conical pile of material on which it is used (see 6.4.2), and the length of the individual blades shall be greater than the radius of the flattened cone. 5.2 Sampling scoop, with an

27、 internal width at least six times the estimated size of the largest particles in the product to be sampled, and capable of containing the required minimum mass of an increment (see Table 1). Table 1 Minimum mass of increment Maximum grain size mm Minimum mass of increment g 20 2 000 200 10 500 50 3

28、 200 20 1 50 5ISO 14422:1999(E) ISO 1999 All rights reserved 3 5.3 Sampling spear, as illustrated in Figures 1 and 2, with a minimum internal diameter D at least six times the estimated size of the largest particles of the material to be sampled, and capable of containing the required minimum mass o

29、f increment (see Table 1). The length L of the spear shall be approximately 10 % greater than the depth of the product to be sampled. 5.4 Sample containers, of sufficient capacity to be nearly filled by the samples, leaving only sufficient space for expansion and to avoid losses during opening, made

30、 of a material which will not alter the samples in any way. Dimensions in millimetres Key 1 Cutting edge (ground) D Internal diameter (see 5.3) L Length (see 5.3) Figure 1 Open-end sample spear Dimensions in millimetres Key D Internal diameter (see 5.3) L Length (see 5.3) Figure 2 Closed-end samplin

31、g spearISO 14422:1999(E) 4 ISO 1999 All rights reserved 6 Procedure 6.1 Mass of increment Estimate visually the maximum grain size of the product. Using the estimated maximum grain size, determine the minimum mass of the increment from Table 1. NOTE This procedure avoids systematic errors during sam

32、pling. 6.2 Mass of final sample Determine the minimum mass of the final sample from the total mass of the material to be sampled, by using the values in Table 2. If the value obtained is less than six times the total amount of material required for testing, increase the mass of the final sample to s

33、ix times that required for testing. Table 2 Minimum mass of final sample Mass of material to be sampled tonnes Mass of final sample kg 1 8 1to5 1 2 5to1 0 1 6 10 to 50 24 50 to 100 32 6.3 Selection of items for sampling If the sequence of manufacture of the individual items comprising the lot is kno

34、wn, e.g. from the container marks, take the increments so that they are distributed as uniformly as possible throughout the whole sequence. If the manufacturing sequence is not known, take the increments at random from the lot. 6.4 Sampling techniques 6.4.1 Selection of technique If both the number

35、of individual items and their masses are small, take the required increments by coning and quartering (see 6.4.2). If the individual items are too large to be sampled satisfactorily by coning and quartering, use the flattened-heap method (see 6.4.3) or the sampling-spear technique (see 6.4.4). If th

36、e increments are to be taken from the product during manufacture, use the procedure described in 6.4.5. 6.4.2 Coning and quartering Empty the product from a container representing one item on to a clean, impervious surface and form it into a conical pile by shovelling. Work systematically around the

37、 pile, placing shovelfuls on the apex of the cone from every side so that the centre of the cone is not displaced. Flatten the cone by pressure with the back of the shovel, taking care that the resulting pile is uniform in height and diameter and that its centre coincides with the centre of the orig

38、inal cone. Repeat the coning and flattening operations twice. Divide the pile into quarters along two lines intersecting at right angles, using a quartering cross (5.1). Remove and reject the product in two diagonally opposite quarters and repeat the coning and quartering until the mass of the unrej

39、ected product is within the limits for the required mass of the increment (see 6.1). Combine the unrejectedISO 14422:1999(E) ISO 1999 All rights reserved 5 quarters to form the increment. Combine the individual increments (see 6.1 and 6.2) to form the final sample (see 6.5.1). 6.4.3 Flattened-heap t

40、echnique Empty the product from a container representing one item on to a clean, impervious surface and mix it thoroughly. Scrape the product into a heap, then flatten the heap. Using a sampling scoop (5.2), take at least 20 approximately equal increments each within the required mass limits (see 6.

41、1). Dig to the bottom of the heap on all occasions and ensure that the increment taken contains product from throughout the depth of the heap. Combine the increments to form the final sample (see 6.5.1). 6.4.4 Sampling-spear technique Thrust the sampling spear (5.3) at an angle into the product in a

42、 container representing one item, with the open side of the spear facing downwards. Give the spear two or three turns then, with the open side uppermost, withdraw it carefully so that it remains filled with the product. Transfer the withdrawn increment to the sample container. Repeat the technique a

43、t a number of points uniformly distributed over the accessible surface of the product until the mass of sample required (see 6.1 and 6.2) has been obtained. Combine the individual increments to form the final sample (see 6.5.1). 6.4.5 Sampling from product during manufacture WARNING It is essential

44、to perform the following operations with the mixer switched off and isolated. If the mixer is of a type allowing satisfactory access for sampling the whole of the batch, e.g. a pan mill, use a sampling scoop (5.2) to take a number of increments, each within the required mass limits (see 6.1), so tha

45、t the total mass of the increments is no less than that required for the final sample (see 6.2). Dig through the full depth of the product in taking the increments, so that each increment contains product from throughout the depth of the charge. Combine the increments to form the final sample (see 6

46、.5.1). 6.5 Sample subdivision 6.5.1 Final sample If the laboratory and reference samples are to be drawn from more than one item, take the individual samples drawn from all the sampled items and mix them together thoroughly before performing any subdivision which may be necessary. 6.5.2 Laboratory a

47、nd reference samples The laboratory sample and the reference sample shall each be of at least three times the total mass required for the individual determinations which are to be undertaken (see 6.2). If the mass of the final sample (see 6.5.1) is more than twice the combined requirement for the la

48、boratory and reference samples, subdivide the final sample by coning and quartering in accordance with 6.4.2 until the final operation produces two pairs of opposite quarters with each pair totalling not less than the required mass. Combine one pair of opposite quarters to give the laboratory sample

49、, and combine the other pair to give the reference sample. 6.5.3 Test portions 6.5.3.1 Take test portions for individual determinations by subdividing the laboratory sample by coning and quartering in accordance with 6.4.2. Make any necessary adjustments to the test portion mass of less than 5 % by mass in accordance with 6.5.3.2. 6.5.3.2 Add randomly selected spot portions as necessary from the laboratory sample or subtract randomly selected spot portions from the test sample.ISO 14422:1999(E) 6 ISO 1999