ISO 13823-2008 General principles on the design of structures for durability《耐久性结构设计的一般原则》.pdf

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1、 Reference number ISO 13823:2008(E) ISO 2008INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 13823 First edition 2008-06-15 General principles on the design of structures for durability Principes gnraux du calcul des constructions pour la durabilit ISO 13823:2008(E) PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded typef

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4、ized for printing. Every care has been taken to ensure that the file is suitable for use by ISO member bodies. In the unlikely event that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below. COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2008 All rights reserved. Un

5、less otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO

6、 copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ii ISO 2008 All rights reservedISO 13823:2008(E) ISO 2008 All rights reserved iii Contents Page Foreword iv Introduction v 1 Scope 1 2 Nor

7、mative references 1 3 Terms and definitions .1 4 Symbols 4 5 Application .4 6 Basic concepts for verifying durability .5 6.1 General5 6.2 Structure environment 5 6.3 Transfer mechanisms5 6.4 Environmental action 5 6.5 Action effects .6 6.6 Limit states .6 7 Durability requirements 7 7.1 Basic durabi

8、lity requirement 7 7.2 Formats for checking durability.8 8 Design life of a structure and its components, t D 11 8.1 Structure .11 8.2 Components.11 8.3 Component service life related to the design life of the structure .11 8.4 Difficulty and cost of maintenance or replacement .11 8.5 Consequences o

9、f failure .11 8.6 Selection of target reliability.11 9 Predicted service life, t SP 12 9.1 General12 9.2 Prediction based on experience.13 9.3 Prediction based on modelling 13 9.4 Prediction based on testing14 10 Strategies for durability design14 Annex A (informative) Examples of the application of

10、 the limit-states method .15 Annex B (informative) Examples of influences (structure environment) and agents (environmental action) .26 Annex C (informative) Examples of transfer mechanisms32 Annex D (informative) Environmental actions for structural materials and their control .34 Annex E (informat

11、ive) Procedures for ensuring durability .37 Bibliography 39 ISO 13823:2008(E) iv ISO 2008 All rights reservedForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is

12、normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part

13、in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to pre

14、pare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that

15、some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 13823 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 98, Bases for design of structures, Subcommittee SC 2, Reliability of structures. ISO 13823

16、:2008(E) ISO 2008 All rights reserved v Introduction The limit-states method, as developed in ISO 2394, has been adopted and used for preparing and harmonizing national and regional structural design standards and codes around the world. Although ISO 2394 includes durability in its principles, the l

17、imit-states method has not been developed for failures due to material deterioration to the extent that it has for failures due to actions such as gravity, wind, snow and earthquake. Also, many premature failures have occurred because of a lack of understanding of material deterioration in the struc

18、tural engineering profession. The first objective in developing this International Standard is to improve the evaluation and design of structures for durability by the incorporation of building-science principles into structural-engineering practice. These principles are now being taught in engineer

19、ing courses in many countries. This goal is achieved by the incorporation of these principles into the limit-states method currently used in structural engineering practice and defined in ISO 2394, and by the use of a common, user-friendly terminology for physical phenomena. Developments have recent

20、ly taken place in mathematical modelling of the mechanisms that cause material deterioration and failure. There is a need to harmonize the use of these models in practice by using the limit- states method and a common terminology. The second objective in developing this International Standard is to

21、provide a framework for the development of mathematical models to predict the service life of components of the structure. Such models are currently being developed, for example, for concrete slabs subjected to chloride diffusion from de-icing salts. These models are material-dependent and, therefor

22、e, are being developed by other ISO/TCs. The goal of this International Standard is to ensure that all analytical models are incorporated into the limit-states method, the same as currently used for the verification and design of structures for gravity, wind, snow and earthquake actions. While this

23、International Standard does not address design procedures for durability, it lays a solid foundation by identifying a process starting from the structures environment, followed by mechanisms that transfer this environment into environmental actions on component materials leading to action effects, s

24、uch as damage (see Figure 1). It is necessary to take this cause-and-effect process into account in developing methods for the prediction of service life. This International Standard is intended to serve a similar unification role as ISO 2394 has had over the past 30 years for the verification and d

25、esign of structures against failure due to mechanical actions, such as gravity, wind, snow and earthquake. This International Standard does not directly address sustainability for structures, except through referencing in notes in 8.4 and Clause 10. Most considerations of sustainability, such as the

26、 choice of material as it affects waste and energy consumption, are outside the scope of this International Standard. Sustainability considerations in the future, however, are expected to increase the emphasis on choice of materials, technologies, inspectability, maintenance, repair and replacement

27、in the planning and design of structures. It is intended that this International Standard be used in parallel with ISO 15686 (all parts) on service-life planning for buildings and construction assets. Service-life prediction for structures based on experience and testing are contained in ISO 15686 (

28、all parts). Service-life prediction of structures based on the modelling of durability, in addition to experience and testing, using conceptual as well as mathematical models, are described in this International Standard. INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 13823:2008(E) ISO 2008 All rights reserved 1 Genera

29、l principles on the design of structures for durability 1 Scope This International Standard specifies general principles and recommends procedures for the verification of the durability of structures subject to known or foreseeable environmental actions, including mechanical actions, causing materia

30、l degradation leading to failure of performance. It is necessary to ensure reliability of performance throughout the design service life of the structure. Fatigue failure due to cyclic stress is not within the scope of this International Standard. NOTE Reference can be made to ISO 2394 for failure d

31、ue to fatigue. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 2394:19

32、98, General principles on reliability for structures ISO 3898:1997, Bases for design of structures Notations General symbols ISO 8930:1987, General principles on reliability for structures List of equivalent terms ISO 13822:2001, Bases for design of structures Assessment of existing structures ISO 1

33、5686-5, Buildings and constructed assets Service-life planning Part 5: Life-cycle costing ISO 15686-6, Buildings and constructed assets Service life planning Part 6: Procedures for considering environmental impacts AS 5604, Timber Natural durability ratings 3 Terms and definitions 3.1 action effect

34、S effect of an environmental action on a component of a structure (e.g. damage, reduced resistance, internal force, displacement, change in appearance) 3.2 agent chemical or biological substance or physical process (e.g. UV) or biological (e.g. insect attack) process that, alone or together with oth

35、er agents, including contaminants in the material itself, acts on a structure or component to cause material degradation 3.3 basic variable variable describing the structure environment, transfer mechanism, environmental action, action effect, material property or geometrical quantity ISO 13823:2008

36、(E) 2 ISO 2008 All rights reserved3.4 characteristic value of a basic variable specified fractile of the variable determined in accordance with ISO 2394 3.5 characteristic service life value of a predicted service life chosen either on a statistical basis, so that it has a specified probability of b

37、eing more unfavourable (i.e. lower), or on a non-statistical basis, for instance based on acquired experience 3.6 component any part of the structure and any non-structural part that may affect the durability of the structure 3.7 degradation material deterioration or deformation that leads to advers

38、e changes in a critical property of a component 3.8 design value of a basic variable factored characteristic value of the variable determined in accordance with ISO 2394 3.9 design life specified period of time for which a structure or a component is to be used for its intended purpose without major

39、 repair being necessary NOTE This term is equivalent to design working life in ISO 2394:1998, 2.2.15. 3.10 durability capability of a structure or any component to satisfy, with planned maintenance, the design performance requirements over a specified period of time under the influence of the enviro

40、nmental actions, or as a result of a self-ageing process 3.11 environmental action chemical, electrochemical, biological, physical and/or mechanical action causing material degradation of a component NOTE 1 See Figure 1. NOTE 2 See also environmental influences in ISO 2394:1998, 6.3. 3.12 failure lo

41、ss of the ability of a structure or component to perform a specified function 3.13 initiation limit state ILS state that corresponds to the initiation of significant deterioration of a component of the structure NOTE See 6.6. 3.14 limit state state beyond which a structure or component no longer sat

42、isfies the design performance requirements 3.15 maintenance combination of all technical and associated administrative actions during a components service life (3.21) with the aim of retaining it in a state in which it can perform its required functions ISO 13823:2008(E) ISO 2008 All rights reserved

43、 3 3.16 model simplified conceptual or mathematical idealization or test set-up simulating the structure environment, transfer mechanisms, environmental action, action effects and structural behaviour that can lead to failure NOTE See Figure 1. 3.17 partial factor method calculation format in which

44、allowance is made for the uncertainties and variabilities of the basic variables by means of characteristic values, partial factors and, if relevant, additive quantities 3.18 predicted service life service life (3.21) estimated from recorded performance, previous experience, tests or modelling 3.19

45、reliability ability of a structure or component to satisfy the specified design performance requirements within the design service life 3.20 repair restoration of a structure or its components to an acceptable condition by the renewal or replacement of worn, damaged or deteriorated components 3.21 s

46、ervice life actual period of time during which a structure or any of its components satisfy the design performance requirements without unforeseen major repair 3.22 serviceability limit state SLS state that corresponds to conditions beyond which specified serviceability requirements for a structure

47、or its components are no longer satisfied NOTE See 6.6. 3.23 structure environment external or internal influences (e.g. rain, de-icing salts, UV, humidity) on a structure that can lead to an environmental action NOTE See Figure 1. 3.24 transfer mechanism mechanism by which influences in the structu

48、re environment are, over time, transferred into agents on and within components or prevent such transfer NOTE See Figure 1. 3.25 ultimate limit state ULS state associated with collapse, or with other similar forms of structural failure NOTE See 6.6. ISO 13823:2008(E) 4 ISO 2008 All rights reserved4

49、Symbols P probability P fprobability of failure P targettarget probability of failure P target,SLStarget probability of failure, serviceability limit state P target,ULStarget probability of failure, ultimate limit state R resistance R mean resistance S action effect S mean action effect S limserviceability limit t time, expressed in years t Ddesign life, expressed in years t exposedtime after initiation of degradation, expressed in years t refreference service life, expressed in years; see 9.3.2 t Sservice life, expressed in years