ISO 13315-1-2012 Environmental management for concrete and concrete structures - Part 1 General principles《混凝土及混凝土结构的环境管理 第1部分 一般原则》.pdf

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1、 ISO 2012 Environmental management for concrete and concrete structures Part 1: General principles Management environnemental du bton et des structures en bton Partie 1: Principes gnraux INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 13315-1 First edition 2012-02-15 Reference number ISO 13315-1:2012(E) ISO 13315-1:2012

2、(E) ii ISO 2012 All rights reserved COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2012 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writ

3、ing from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ISO 13315-1:2012(E) ISO 2012 All rights r

4、eserved iii Contents Page Foreword iv Introduction v 1 Scope 1 2 Normative references . 2 3 T erms and definitions . 2 4 General framework 3 4.1 General . 3 4.2 Phases in the lifecycle . 4 4.3 Environmental impact categories . 4 4.4 Analysis . 5 4.5 Design phase 6 4.6 Production/execution phase 7 4.

5、7 Use phase 7 4.8 End of life phase 8 4.9 Labels and declaration . 9 Annex A (informative) Phases and environmental impact factors to be considered in lifecycle of concrete and concrete structures .10 Bibliography .14 ISO 13315-1:2012(E) Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardizati

6、on) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be re

7、presented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards

8、are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an Internati

9、onal Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 13315-1 was

10、 prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 71, Concrete, reinforced concrete and pre-stressed concrete, Subcommittee SC 8, Environmental management for concrete and concrete structures. ISO 13315 consists of the following parts, under the general title Environmental management for concrete and concrete

11、 structures: Part 1: General principles A Part 2 on system boundary and inventory data is under preparation. iv ISO 2012 All rights reserved ISO 13315-1:2012(E) Introduction Environmental issues are now grave subjects for the human race. Fortunately, mankind has clearly recognized the nature of the

12、problem and created the concept of “sustainable development,” which can be regarded as an environmental revolution. This concept means development that meets the needs of not only the present but also future generations without endangering the natural systems that support life on Earth, the atmosphe

13、re, the waters, the soils, and the living things, and at the same time acknowledging that global economic growth is a basis for future global welfare. The incorporation of the concept of sustainability is required in every aspect of social, economic, and cultural activities. The construction industr

14、y, which consumes enormous amounts of resources and energy to provide the infrastructure for the diversified activities of mankind, has a strong impact on the environment. ISO has already published the ISO 14000 series on environmental management for goods and services as a system for improving the

15、impact on the environment. This series of International Standards provides general rules for assessing the impact on the environment, as well as for environmental labels/declaration based on such an assessment. Meanwhile, ISO 15686-6 and ISO 21930 were formulated to tailor this series to structures.

16、 Whereas the former provides a basic framework for the procedures of environmental consideration for buildings and constructed assets, the latter presents a framework for environmental declaration in regard to building products. Concrete is widely used as one of the key materials for constructing in

17、frastructures such as buildings, bridges, dams, tunnels, etc., with its consumption being the second largest on the planet after water. While construction activities using concrete naturally entail adverse environmental impacts, they also provide environmental beneficial impacts. Improved infrastruc

18、tures alleviate traffic congestion and prevent natural disasters. Also, the development of compact cities may control the expansion of adverse environmental impacts. Industrial wastes and byproducts from other industries are used as materials, fuels, and supplementary materials for producing cement.

19、 Accurate assessment of environmental impacts is therefore essential for minimizing adverse environmental impacts derived from construction activities using concrete while maximizing beneficial environmental impacts. Concrete structures consume large amounts of aggregates, cement and steel, which em

20、it large amounts of CO 2in their production processes. Concrete utilizes industrial waste and byproducts, and uses different aggregates in different regions. Concrete is delivered to the construction site in the form of partially finished products. Concrete structures are built in a wide variety of

21、forms with specific requirements, used in various environments for a long time, and demolished, recycled and disposed of in various forms. The ISO 13315 series of standards is intended to provide the basic rules on environmental management for concrete and concrete structures having such characteris

22、tics. It is also intended to contribute to continued improvement of the environmental impacts resulting from the activities related to concrete and concrete structures. This series ensures consistency with the existing environmental ISO 14000 series, as well as ISO 15686-6 and ISO 21930. Figure 1 sh

23、ows the relationship between the ISO 13315 series of standards, including those to be established in the future, and other existing ISO standards. Figure 2 shows the basic framework of the ISO 13315 series of standards. The ISO 13315 series of standards covers all people involved in concrete and con

24、crete structures: owners, designers, concrete manufacturers, constructors, users, certification bodies, and those who develop environmental standard specifications. ISO 2012 All rights reserved v ISO 13315-1:2012(E) ISO 15686-6: Buildings and constructed assets Service life planning Part 6: Procedur

25、es for considering environmental impacts ISO 21930: Sustainability in building construction Environmental declaration of building products ISO 21931-1: Sustainability in building construction Framework for methods of assessment of the environmental performance of construction works Part 1: Buildings

26、 ISO 13315-1: Environmental management for concrete and concrete structuresPart 1: General principles ISO 14020: Environmental labels and declarations General principles ISO 14021: Environmental labels and declarations Self-declared environmental claims (Type II environmental labelling) ISO 14024: E

27、nvironmental labels and declarations Type I environmental labelling Principles and procedures ISO 14025: Environmental labels and declarations Type III environmental declarations Principles and procedures ISO 14031: Environmental management Environmental performance evaluation Guidelines ISO 14040:

28、Environmental management Life cycle assessment Principles and framework ISO 14044: Environment management Life cycle assessment Requirements and guidelines ISO 14050: Environmental management Vocabulary Other related ISO 14000 series standards Figure 1 Relationship between the ISO 13315 series of st

29、andards and other existing ISO environmental standards General principles (Part 1) Design phase Use phase End of life phase Production/Execution phase Constituents Concrete production Execution Verification Inspection Analysis Labels and declaration Figure 2 Basic framework of the ISO 13315 series o

30、f standards vi ISO 2012 All rights reserved INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 13315-1:2012(E) Environmental management for concrete and concrete structures Part 1: General principles 1 Scope This part of ISO 13315 provides a framework and basic rules on environmental management related to concrete and conc

31、rete structures. This includes the assessment of the environmental impacts and methods of implementing environmental improvement based on the assessment. This part of ISO 13315 is used when assessing the environmental impacts and implementing the environmental management of concrete and concrete str

32、uctures for the environmental consideration in activities related to the production of concrete constituents, the production, recycling and disposal of concrete, and the design, execution, use and demolition of concrete structures. It is applied for their entire lifecycles, respective stages of the

33、lifecycles, or certain ranges of the lifecycles. This part of ISO 13315 is relevant to newly produced concrete and newly constructed concrete structures, and also existing concrete and concrete structures. This part of ISO 13315 applies not only to single concretes but also to concrete families and

34、not only to single concrete structures but also to concrete structure complexes. For materials other than concrete, the related ISO standards are applied where available. In the case where no ISO standard is available, such materials are appropriately dealt with referring to this part of ISO 13315 a

35、nd the normative references. The environments covered by this part of ISO 13315 include global, regional and local environments. The indoor pollution of buildings and the environments for workers in concrete producing plants and on concrete structure construction sites are not specifically covered b

36、y this part of ISO 13315. This part of ISO 13315 does not directly deal with the environmental impacts resulting from the operation of equipment installed in concrete structures. However, the special properties of concrete and concrete structures affecting the operational efficiency of such equipmen

37、t are considered in this part of ISO 13315. This part of ISO 13315 covers secondary effects of the production of concrete and execution of concrete structures. This part of ISO 13315 may also cover the economic and social effects of environmental consideration in the production of concrete and execu

38、tion of concrete structures. NOTE 1 ISO 16814 is available for reference as a standard for the indoor pollution of buildings. NOTE 2 The working environments of plants and construction sites are generally prescribed by industrial safety and health laws. NOTE 3 In buildings, global warming substances

39、 are mainly emitted from energy consumption due to the operation of heating, ventilating and air-conditioning equipment. NOTE 4 The beneficial effects such as thermal mass and other functions of concrete and concrete structures may be taken into account. NOTE 5 The secondary effects of the productio

40、n of concrete include the future possibility of leaching of heavy metals from concrete or the absorption of heavy metals from the environment, the effect of waste treatments on the environment, etc. ISO 2012 All rights reserved 1 ISO 13315-1:2012(E) 2 Normative references The following referenced do

41、cuments are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 14050, Environmental management Vocabulary 3 T erms and definitio ns For

42、 the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 14050 and the following apply. 3.1 byproduct secondary substances produced by an industrial process 3.2 clients brief working document which specifies at any point in time the relevant needs and aims, resources of the client and

43、user, the context of the project and any appropriate design requirements 3.3 concrete demolition material material generated in demolition of concrete structures 3.4 ecosystem system of interrelations among nature, animals and human beings 3.5 environmental monetary cost costs necessary to fulfill e

44、nvironmental requirements 3.6 environmental design design of a structure in which environmental impacts are considered 3.7 environmental impact any change, which may be adverse or beneficial, to the environment, wholly or partially resulting from concrete- related activities 3.8 environmental perfor

45、mance quantitative or qualitative results of environmental influence from activities related to concrete and concrete structures 3.9 execution all activities carried out for the physical completion of the work, and the inspection and documentation thereof EXAMPLE Procurement, scaffolding, formwork,

46、reinforcing, concreting, curing, erection of precast elements, etc. 3.10 global environment environment that is affected by global climate change, ozone depletion, changes in ecosystems, resource use and other factors on a global scale 3.11 inspection examination to determine whether environmental p

47、erformance attained in a product or an activity satisfies specified requirements 2 ISO 2012 All rights reserved ISO 13315-1:2012(E) 3.12 local environment environment that is affected by noise, vibration, dust and other factors in a built environment 3.13 regional environment environment that is aff

48、ected by air pollution, soil contamination, or water pollution on an intermediate scale EXAMPLE City, province and country. 3.14 sustainability state in which components of the ecosystem and their functions are maintained for present and future generations NOTE 1 Sustainability is the goal of sustai

49、nable development and can result from the application of the concept of sustainable development. NOTE 2 “Components of the ecosystem” includes plants and animals, as well as humans and their physical environment. For humans, this includes a balancing of key elements of human needs: the economic, environmental, social and cultural conditions for societies existence. 3.15 soil contamination phenomenon in which soil is polluted by deleterious substances 3.16 v er i fic at ion process to check whether enviro