ISO 11448-1997 Powered shredders and chippers - Definitions safety requirements and test procedures《撕碎机和风凿机 定义、安全要求和实验程序》.pdf

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1、INTERNATIONAL STANDARD IS0 11448 First edition 1997-08-l 5 Powered shredders and chippers - Definitions, safety requirements and test procedures Broyeurs et dkhiqueteurs A moteur - Dbfinitions, exigences de s a=400net; p=iso; o=isocs; sxentral Printed in Switzerland ii INTERNATIONAL STANDARD o IS0 I

2、S0 11448:1997(E) Powered shredders and chippers - Definitions, safety requirements and test procedures 1 Scope This International Standard presents definitions of terms and specifies safety requirements and test procedures applicable to hand-fed powered shredders and chippers, including those which

3、have vacuum assisted collection and are used in a stationary position and are designed primarily for use with organic material at and around the home. This international Standard does not apply to shredders and chippers with feed openings greater than 400 mm x 400 mm measured at the relevant safety

4、distance to the cutting means. This International Standard does not specify requirements for units powered by an external power source or for powered discharge units intended to broadcast material or load vehicles. Mechanically powered feed intake machines or attachments are excluded from this Inter

5、national Standard, as are machines for which the cutting means is either one or more non-metallic filaments, or one or more non-metallic cutting elements pivotally mounted on a generally circular central drive unit, where these cutting elements rely on centrifugal force to achieve cutting, and have

6、a kinetic energy for each single cutting means of less than 10 J. The electrical aspects of electrically powered shredder/grinders and shredder/baggers having a voltage exceeding 42 V d.c. or mains connected are not covered by this International Standard. 2 Normative references The following standar

7、ds contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this International Standard. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All standards are subject to revision, and parties to agreements based on this International Standard are encouraged to in

8、vestigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the standards indicated below. Members of the IEC and IS0 maintain registers of currently valid International Standards. IS0 3767-l :-I , Tractors, machinery for agriculture and forestry, powered lawn and garden equipment - Symbols fo

9、r operator controls and other displays - Part 1: Common symbols. IS0 3767-3:1995, Tractors, machinery for agriculture and forestry, powered lawn and garden equipment - Symbols for operator controls and other displays - Part 3: Symbols for powered lawn and garden equipment. IS0 3767-5:1992, Tractors,

10、 machinery for agriculture and forestry, powered lawn and garden equipment - Symbols for operator controls and other displays - Part 5: Symbols for manual portable forestry machinery. IS0 11684:1995, Tractors, machinery for agriculture and forestry, powered lawn and garden equipment - Safety signs a

11、nd hazard pictorials - General principles. IS0 13852:1996, Safety of machinery - Safety distances to prevent danger zones being reached by the upper limbs. IEC 335-l :1991, Safety of household and similar electrical appliances - Part 7: General requirements. 1) To be published. (Revision of IS0 3767

12、:1991) 1 IS0 11448:1997(E) 0 IS0 IEC 335-2-93:-” , Safety of household and similar electrical appliances - Part 2: Particular requirements for powered shredders. 3 Definitions For the purposes of this International Standard, the following definitions apply. 3.1 chipper Machine for the purpose of cut

13、ting branches and wood into chips, having one or more cutting means and designed to operate in a stationary position (see figures 1 and 2). 3.2 discharge chute Extension of the opening through which shredded or chipped material is discharged. 3.3 discharge zone Space into which shredded or chipped m

14、aterial is ejected from the machine. 3.4 exhaust system Means of conveying exhaust gases from the engine exhaust port to the atmosphere. 3.5 feed intake opening Opening through which material is inserted to be fed to the cutting mechanism. 3.6 guard Component intended to provide protection for the o

15、perator or bystander from injury. 3.7 material discharge deflector Fixed or movable component used to direct the flow of processed material being discharged from the machine. 3.8 maximum operating engine speed Highest engine speed obtainable when adjusted in accordance with manufacturers specificati

16、ons and/or instructions with the cutting means engaged. 3.9 normal operation Any use of the machine which is reasonably foreseeable, and which is consistent with such activities as reducing organic material, starting, stopping, fuelling, or connecting to (or disconnecting from) a power source. 3.10

17、normal use Normal operation, plus routine maintenance, servicing, cleaning, transporting, attaching or removing accessories, and making ordinary adjustments as determined by the manufacturers instructions. 3.11 power source Engine or motor which provides mechanical energy for linear or rotational mo

18、vement. 3.12 screen; grid Perforated metal piece or bar(s) located between the cutting means and discharge chute or opening of the machine to assist in reducing bulk organic materials to smaller pieces. 3.13 shredder Machine for the purpose of reducing bulk organic materials to smaller pieces, havin

19、g one or more cutting means and designed to operate in a stationary position (see figures 1 and 2). 2) To be published IS0 11448:1997(E) 0 IS0 Feed intake opening discharge deflector Discharge zone Figure 1 - Example of typical chipper/shredder 3 IS0 11448:1997(E) 0 IS0 Feed intake opening Collectio

20、n bag Fold down position Figure 2 - Example of typical chipper/shredder 4 General construction 4.1 Power-driven components All power-driven components (except the cutting means) shall be guarded to prevent contact with these parts during normal operation. The principles set out in IS0 13852 shall be

21、 followed when developing the guard system. Rotating covers or discs shail have a continuous unbroken or smooth surface. 4.2 Feed openings and safety distances To safeguard against contact with the cutting means the machines shall be constructed to meet the requirements given in tables 1 and 2. 0 IS

22、0 IS0 11448:1997(E) Table 1 - Safety distances from feed openings less than 250 mm Dimensions in millimetres I Distance from opening to cutting means Feed opening size” 4 40 40 s 50 slot G= 200 a 850*” Feed opening shape square 2 200 3 200 round 2= 120 z= 200 I I I 50 =s 250 I 8503 3 850” a 8503 1)

23、Measured across the narrowest point. 2) If the length of the slot opening measured along the longest side of the slot is G 65 mm, the safety distance can be reduced to 200 mm. 3) Where the height of the lowest outer edge of any barrier or the feed opening itself is 3 1 200 mm above the ground, the s

24、afety distance is measured as a chain measurement from the outer edge (see figure 3). Openings 1 200 mm above the ground, the safety distance is measured as a chain measurement from the outer edge (see figure 3). Openings 1 200 mm above the ground are measured as the shortest distance from the plane

25、 of the opening. If the opening is more than 1 200 mm above the ground, this safety distance to the cutting means can be reduced by U2 where L = h - 1 200 and h is the height above the ground of the lowest point of the feed opening. IS0 11448:1997(E) 0 IS0 Dimensions in millimetres 1200 min. /_- -_

26、i 5 -_ -_ z x 850 min. 2 Figure 4 - Example of compliance with table 2 for height opening below 1200 mm 4.3 Discharge openings The discharge chute shall be designed so as to prevent direct access to and accidental contact with the cutting means, where no part of the outer edge of the discharge chute

27、 is more than 350 mm from the ground. The cutting means shall be at least 3 mm above the highest part of the outer edge of the discharge chute and the minimum distance from the chute edge to the hazard point shall be 230 mm (see figure 5). Dimensions in millimetres Cutting mechanism I I m 2 E z I Gr

28、ound / 1 / - / /Y .4.Lv/ A Figure 5 - Discharge opening distance requirements If the highest edge of the discharge opening is greater than 350 mm from the ground and smaller than 120 mm x 120 mm, the safety distance shall conform to the principles set out in IS0 13852. If the highest edge of the dis

29、charge opening is greater than 350 mm from the ground and larger than 120 mm x 120 mm, the safety distance shall be at least 850 mm and the maximum discharge opening shall be 250 mm x 250 mm. Discharge openings enclosed with a bag or container which when removed does not meet the above requirements

30、shall be fitted with an interlock which cause the moving parts to come to rest. While the cutting means is exposed it shall not be possible to start the engine. 4.4 Guard attachment Guards allowing access to the cutting means shall be interlocked to cause the moving parts to come to rest before acce

31、ss can be gained. It shall not be possible to start the engine while the cutting means is exposed. Other guards shall be permanently attached to the machine and shall not be detachable without the use of tools, or the construction of the machine shall be such that it cannot be used without the guard

32、 in its guarding position. 6 IS0 11448:1997(E) Guards shall be provided to prevent accidental contact with hazardous points when servicing the machine as recommended by the manufacturer. Guards may require repositioning for servicing requirements as directed by manufacturers instructions. Where a gu

33、ard is designed to be opened or removed and thus exposes a hazard, a safety sign warning of the hazard shall be located on the guard or adjacent to the hazard. Where a guard is positioned so that it may be used as a step, it shall withstand a force of 1 200 N. 4.5 Heat protection 4.5.1 Temperature l

34、imits of exposed parts A guard shall be provided to prevent accidental contact with any exposed engine exhaust components which are larger than 10 cm2 and which have a surface temperature greater than 80 “C (at 20 “C + 3 “C) ambient temperature during normal starting and operation of the machine. Fo

35、r the purposes of this equipment, the guard is considered to be part of the exposed engine exhaust components. 4.5.2 Test equipment and method of test 4.5.2.1 Test equipment The measuring equipment shall have an accuracy of + 4 “C. 4.5.2.2 Method of test The test shall be conducted in the shade. The

36、 engine shall be operated at its maximum operating speed until the surface temperatures stabilize. Temperatures shall be determined by correcting the observed temperature by the difference between the specified ambient and test ambient temperature. Identify the hot surface area(s) on the engine exha

37、ust system. When the distance between the identified hot area and the nearest control is greater than 100 mm, cone A shall be used. When the distance between the identified hot area and the nearest control is less than 100 mm, cone B shall be used. See figure 6. For cone A, move the cone, keeping th

38、e axis of the cone anywhere between 0” and 180” to the horizontal and with the nose or point of the cone in a downward to horizontal direction towards the hot surface. The cone shall not be moved in an upward direction. Move cone B in any direction. When moving the cone, determine if the cone tip or

39、 conical surface makes contact with the hot surface area(s). 4.5.2.3 Test acceptance The tip or conical surface of cone A or B shall not be able to make contact with a hot surface area greater than 10 cm* of the exhaust system. 4.6 Controls 4.6.1 Location No control used for stopping, starting, or s

40、peed control shall be located in such a manner as to require the operator to be in the discharge zone or in front of the engine exhaust outlet. 7 IS0 11448:1997(E) 0 IS0 Dimensions in millimetres 180 Horizontal plane Cone A Cone B Figure 6 - Test cones 4.6.2 Engine stopping and starting An engine st

41、opping device shall be provided. The device shall not depend on sustained manual pressure for its continued operation. The device shall require manual and intentional activation in order to restart the engine, and shall be accessible from starting positions. Machines shall not be equipped with a sta

42、rter operated by means of a loose rope. Machines started by means of a crank shall disconnect the crank from the shaft immediately after starting. 4.6.3 identification of controls The function, direction and/or method of operation of the controls shall be clearly identified by a durable label or mar

43、k. Easily understandable, detailed instructions on the operation of all controls shall be provided in an operators manual. NOTE - International symbols may be used for identification of controls. Reference should be made to IS0 3767-1, IS0 3767-3 and IS0 3767-5. 5 Marking 5.1 Machine identification

44、All machines shall be marked legibly and permanently with the following information: - name of the manufacturer or supplier; - model number or type; - serial number. 8 IS0 11448:1997(E) 5.2 Warnings and symbols All machines shall be prominently marked with the following warnings (hazard pictorials)

45、or appropriate symbols: - “DANGER: Rotating cutting blades. Keep hands and feet out of openings while machine is running.” (wording should be adjusted to suit specific machine under consideration); - “Read operators manual”; - “Wear eye protection”; - “Wear ear protection” (when appropriate); - “Wea

46、r ear and eye protection” (when appropriate); - direction of rotation of cutting means. The symbols or hazard pictorials shall follow the conventions laid down in IS0 3767-1, 3767-3 and 3767-5 for symbols, and in IS0 11684 for hazard pictorials. This International Standard does not require specific

47、symbols or hazard pictorials to be used on the machine, but stresses that accepted conventions shall be used when developing the appropriate symbol or hazard pictorial. Annex D presents examples of symbols and hazard pictorials which may be used on shredders and chippers. All symbols and hazard pict

48、orials shall be explained in the operators manual 5.3 Labels 5.3.1 Requirements Labels provided for identification and directional or cautionary information shall have a reasonable life for the anticipated machine operating environment and shall satisfy the following requirements: - the label shall

49、have a durable bond with the base surface material; - the label shall be weather resistant and under normal cleaning procedures shall not fade, discolour, crack or blister and shall remain legible; - marks or labels giving cautionary information shall be located close to the relevant hazard. Such labels shall be in the official language(s) of the country in which the product is sold. 5.3.2 Durability test Tc test the durability of the marking and/or labels, rub them by hand for 15 s with a piece of cloth soaked with water and again for 15 s with a piece of cloth