AWS D11 2-1989 Guide for Welding Iron Castings《铸铁焊接指南》.pdf

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1、ANSI/AWS D11.2-89 (R2006) An American National Standard Guide forWelding Iron Castings550 N.W. LeJeune Road, Miami, FL 33126 ANSI/AWS D11.2-89 (R2006) An American National Standard Approved by the American National Standards Institute July 14, 1988 Guide for Welding Iron Castings Prepared by the Ame

2、rican Welding Society (AWS) D11 Committee on Welding Iron Castings Under the Direction of the AWS Technical Activities Committee Approved by the AWS Board of Directors, March 3, 1988 Abstract This standard presents briefly the history and metallurgy of cast iron and the welding processes applicable

3、to it. A newly developed weldability test is described in detail and instructions given for its application in specific cases. Provision is made for qualification of welding procedures and welders when necessary; quality control practice is also included.ii ANSI/AWS D11.2-89 (R2006) International St

4、andard Book Number: 0-87171-295-4 American Welding Society 550 N.W. LeJeune Road, Miami, FL 33126 1989 by American Welding SocietyAll rights reserved Printed in the United States of America Reaffirmed: April 27, 2006 Photocopy Rights. No portion of this standard may be reproduced, stored in a retrie

5、val system, or transmitted in any form, including mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the copyright owner. Authorization to photocopy items for internal, personal, or educational classroom use only or the internal, personal, or educational class

6、room use only of specific clients is granted by the American Welding Society provided that the appropriate fee is paid to the Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, tel: (978) 750-8400; Internet: .iii ANSI/AWS D11.2-89 (R2006) Statement on the Use of American Welding Soci

7、ety Standards All standards (codes, specifications, recommended practices, methods, classifications, and guides) of the American Welding Society (AWS) are voluntary consensus standards that have been developed in accordance with the rules of the American National Standards Institute (ANSI). When AWS

8、 American National Standards are either incorporated in, or made part of, documents that are included in federal or state laws and regulations, or the regulations of other govern- mental bodies, their provisions carry the full legal authority of the statute. In such cases, any changes in those AWS s

9、tandards must be approved by the governmental body having statutory jurisdiction before they can become a part of those laws and regulations. In all cases, these standards carry the full legal authority of the contract or other document that invokes the AWS standards. Where this contractual relation

10、ship exists, changes in or deviations from requirements of an AWS standard must be by agreement between the contracting parties. AWS American National Standards are developed through a consensus standards development process that brings together volunteers representing varied viewpoints and interest

11、s to achieve consensus. While AWS administers the process and establishes rules to promote fairness in the development of consensus, it does not independently test, evaluate, or verify the accuracy of any information or the soundness of any judgments contained in its standards. AWS disclaims liabili

12、ty for any injury to persons or to property, or other damages of any nature whatsoever, whether special, indirect, consequential or compensatory, directly or indirectly resulting from the publication, use of, or reliance on this standard. AWS also makes no guaranty or warranty as to the accuracy or

13、completeness of any information published herein. In issuing and making this standard available, AWS is not undertaking to render professional or other services for or on behalf of any person or entity. Nor is AWS undertaking to perform any duty owed by any person or entity to someone else. Anyone u

14、sing these documents should rely on his or her own independent judgment or, as appropriate, seek the advice of a competent professional in determining the exercise of reasonable care in any given circumstances. This standard may be superseded by the issuance of new editions. Users should ensure that

15、 they have the latest edition. Publication of this standard does not authorize infringement of any patent or trade name. Users of this standard accept any and all liabilities for infringement of any patent or trade name items. AWS disclaims liability for the infringement of any patent or product tra

16、de name resulting from the use of this standard. Finally, AWS does not monitor, police, or enforce compliance with this standard, nor does it have the power to do so. On occasion, text, tables, or figures are printed incorrectly, constituting errata. Such errata, when discovered, are posted on the A

17、WS web page (www.aws.org). Official interpretations of any of the technical requirements of this standard may only be obtained by sending a request, in writing, to the Managing Director, Technical Services Division, American Welding Society, 550 N.W. LeJeune Road, Miami, FL 33126. With regard to tec

18、hnical inquiries made concerning AWS standards, oral opinions on AWS standards may be rendered. However, such opinions represent only the personal opinions of the particular individuals giving them. These individuals do not speak on behalf of AWS, nor do these oral opinions constitute official or un

19、official opinions or interpretations of AWS. In addition, oral opinions are informal and should not be used as a substitute for an official interpretation. This standard is subject to revision at any time by the AWS D11 Committee on Welding Iron Castings. It must be reviewed every five years, and if

20、 not revised, it must be either reaffirmed or withdrawn. Comments (recommendations, additions, or deletions) and any pertinent data that may be of use in improving this standard are required and should be addressed to AWS Headquarters. Such comments will receive careful consideration by the AWS D11

21、Committee on Welding Iron Castings and the author of the comments will be informed of the Committees response to the comments. Guests are invited to attend all meetings of the AWS D11 Committee on Welding Iron Castings to express their comments verbally. Procedures for appeal of an adverse decision

22、concerning all such comments are provided in the Rules of Operation of the Technical Activities Committee. A copy of these Rules can be obtained from the American Welding Society, 550 N.W. LeJeune Road, Miami, FL 33126.This page is intentionally blank. iv ANSI/AWS D11.2-89 (R2006)v ANSI/AWS D11.2-89

23、 (R2006) Personnel (Reaffirmation) *Advisor AWS Committee on Welding Iron Castings E. G. Yevick, Chair Weld-Met International Group S. Charlip, Vice Chair Nassau Research Corporation J. L. Gayler, Secretary American Welding Society *J. G. Bielenberg Retired *R. A. Bishel Consultant R. A. Bushey ESAB

24、 Welding & Cutting Products J. L. Cooley J C & Associates, Incorporated D. W. Davis Beaver Valley Alloy Foundry *R. O. Drossman Wear Management Services, Incorporated R. H. Frost Colorado School of Mines S. D. Kiser Special Metals E. R. Kuch Consultant *R. L. Montana Mid-Florida Technical Institute

25、*L. W. Myers Consultant N. Prager Anchor Research Corporation M. D. Rosensteel Beyond the Bend J. D. Simko Hodge Foundry, Incorporated J. Turriff Wisconsin Wire WorksThis page is intentionally blank. vi ANSI/AWS D11.2-89 (R2006)vii ANSI/AWS D11.2-89 (R2006) Personnel (Original) *Advisor AWS Committe

26、e on Welding Iron Castings L. W. Myers, Chair Dresser-Rand R. J. Dybas, 1st Vice Chair General Electric Company J. E. Jones, 2nd Vice Chair American Welding Institute E. J. Seel, Secretary American Welding Society K. E. Banks Teledyne McKay R. G. Bartifay Aluminum Company of America *J. G. Bielenber

27、g Consultant R. A. Bishel Inco Alloys International R. A. Bushey Alloy Rods R. O. Drossman Wear Management Services E. R. Kuch Cooper Industries *J. C. Margerie Centre Technique *J. V. Matush Combustion Engineering *A. H. Miller DISC W. F. Ridgway Eutectic Corporation *L. E. Shoemaker Inco Alloys In

28、ternational *R. A. Strahl California Polytechnic State University *C. F. Walton Consultant E. G. Yevick Weld-Met International W. M. Zimmer AMPCO MetalThis page is intentionally blank. viii ANSI/AWS D11.2-89 (R2006)ix ANSI/AWS D11.2-89 (R2006) Foreword This foreword is not a part of ANSI/AWS D11.2-8

29、9 (R2006), Guide for Welding Iron Castings, but is included for informational purposes only. This publication is a reaffirmation of the first edition published in 1989. The content of the standard is identical to the 1989 publication except that the safety and health facts sheets in Appendix F have

30、been updated. Reaffirmation of this standard by the Committee on the Welding of Iron Castings indicates that this standards content is still current with todays technology and practices. This guide was prepared by the American Welding Society Committee on the Welding of Iron Castings as a service to

31、 the industry. Sufficient data have been gathered and organized to yield an authoritative source of sound technical practices for joining iron castings. The description of iron castings, together with factors to be considered in joining them, is presented here as clearly and concisely as possible. I

32、t is the Committees hope that this guide will lead to better quality and performance. These recommendations represent the best of current practice in the opinion of the Committee. At the present state of the art, all recommendations may not be applicable to all products and situations. Selection of

33、pertinent requirements should be the result of rational decisions and not lack of knowledge on the part of those who are welding iron castings. Comments and suggestions for the improvement of this standard are welcome. They should be sent to the Secretary, AWS D11 Committee on Welding of Iron Castin

34、gs, American Welding Society, 550 N.W. LeJeune Road, Miami, FL 33126.This page is intentionally blank. x ANSI/AWS D11.2-89 (R2006)xi ANSI/AWS D11.2-89 (R2006) Table of Contents Page No. Personnel (Reaffirmation)v Personnel (Original) vii Foreword .ix List of Tables xiii List of Figuresxiv 1. Scope a

35、nd History1 1.1 Scope1 1.2 History .1 2. Cast Iron Its Metallurgy and Weldability1 2.1 Metallurgy1 2.2 Difficulties in Welding Iron Castings4 2.3 AWS Weldability Test Program6 2.4 Preweld Testing for Weldability11 3. General Considerations When Welding Iron Castings .14 3.1 Base Metal Preparation14

36、3.2 Joint Design .15 3.3 Heat Input 17 3.4 Preheat .17 3.5 Electrode Manipulation .20 3.6 Peening 21 3.7 Cooling 21 3.8 Postweld Heat Treatment.21 4. Gas Processes .23 4.1 Oxyfuel Welding (OFW).23 4.2 Flame Spraying of Gray Iron (FLSP) 27 4.3 Braze Welding .27 5. Arc Welding Processes30 5.1 General.

37、30 5.2 Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW) .30 5.3 Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW) 35 5.4 Flux Cored Arc Welding (FCAW) 37 5.5 Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW)41 5.6 Submerged Arc Welding (SAW).44 6. Surfacing and Overlaying.45 6.1 Processes45 6.2 Thermal Spraying 45 6.3 Other Processes47 6.4 Surfacing Ma

38、terials48 6.5 Technique 50 7. Applications .50 7.1 Casting Defect Repair50 7.2 Repair of Machining Defects.51xii Page No. ANSI/AWS D11.2-89 (R2006) 7.3 Repair of Castings After Service .51 7.4 Fabrication .51 8. Welding Procedure and Performance Qualification51 8.1 General.51 8.2 Welding Procedure Q

39、ualification 52 8.3 Welding and Welding Operator Performance Qualification .52 9. Quality Control52 9.1 General.52 9.2 Quality Control Practices and Procedures .52 9.3 Acceptance Criteria .54 10. Safety and Health 54 10.1 Fumes and Gases .54 10.2 Radiation55 10.3 Electric Shock55 10.4 Fire Preventio

40、n.55 10.5 Explosion .55 10.6 Burns55 10.7 Further Information .55 Appendix A Weldability Test .51 A1. Introduction57 A2. Equipment Required 57 A3. Welding Conditions.58 A4. Test Procedure .59 Appendix B Applications 63 Appendix C Welding Procedure and Performance Qualification 83 C1. General.83 C2.

41、Welding Procedure Qualification 83 C3. Inspection Results Required 95 C4. Welding and Welding Operator Performance Qualification .97 Appendix D Recommended System for Classification of Welds in Iron Castings, Appendix D and Associated Quality Levels 105 D1. Classification of Welds in Iron Castings .

42、105 D2. Test Requirements .105 Appendix E ASME Code Cases109 E1. Case 1867.109 E2. Case 1939.109 Appendix F Safety and Health .111xiii ANSI/AWS D11.2-89 (R2006) List of Tables Table Page No.xiv ANSI/AWS D11.2-89 (R2006) List of Figures Figure Page No.xv ANSI/AWS D11.2-89 (R2006) Figure Page No.This

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48、 (R2006) 51ANSI/AWS D11.2-89 (R2006) 52ANSI/AWS D11.2-89 (R2006) 53ANSI/AWS D11.2-89 (R2006) 54ANSI/AWS D11.2-89 (R2006) 55This page is intentionally blank. ANSI/AWS D11.2-89 (R2006) 56ANSI/AWS D11.2-89 (R2006) 57 Appendix A Weldability Test This appendix is not a part of ANSI/AWS D11.2-89 (R2006),

49、Guide for Welding Iron Castings, but is included for informational purposes only.ANSI/AWS D11.2-89 (R2006) 58ANSI/AWS D11.2-89 (R2006) 59ANSI/AWS D11.2-89 (R2006) 60ANSI/AWS D11.2-89 (R2006) 61This page is intentionally blank. ANSI/AWS D11.2-89 (R2006) 62ANSI/AWS D11.2-89 (R2006) 63 Appendix B Examples of Applications This appendix is not a part of ANSI/AWS D11.2-89 (R2006), Guide for Welding Iron Castings, but is included for informational purposes only.ANSI/AWS D11.2-89 (R2006) 64ANSI/AWS D11.2-89 (R2006) 65ANSI/AWS D11.2-89 (R2006) 66ANSI/AWS D11.2-89 (R2006) 67ANSI/AW