API MPMS 2 2D-2003 Manual of Petroleum Measurement Standards Chapter 2-Tank Calibration Section 2D-Calibration of Upright Cylindrical Tanks Using the Internal E.pdf

《API MPMS 2 2D-2003 Manual of Petroleum Measurement Standards Chapter 2-Tank Calibration Section 2D-Calibration of Upright Cylindrical Tanks Using the Internal E.pdf》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《API MPMS 2 2D-2003 Manual of Petroleum Measurement Standards Chapter 2-Tank Calibration Section 2D-Calibration of Upright Cylindrical Tanks Using the Internal E.pdf（24页珍藏版）》请在麦多课文档分享上搜索。

1、Manual of Petroleum Measurement StandardsChapter 2Tank CalibrationSection 2DCalibration of Upright Cylindrical Tanks Using the Internal Electro-optical Distance-ranging MethodANSI/API MPMS 2.2DFIRST EDITION, AUGUST 2003REAFFIRMED, MARCH 2014ISO 7507-4:1995 (Identical), Petroleum and liquid petroleum

2、 productsCalibration of vertical cylindrical tanksPart 4: Internal electro-optical distance-ranging methodManual of Petroleum Measurement StandardsChapter 2Tank CalibrationSection 2DCalibration of Upright Cylindrical Tanks Using the Internal Electro-optical Distance-ranging MethodMeasurement Coordin

3、ationANSI/API MPMS 2.2DFIRST EDITION, AUGUST 2003REAFFIRMED, MARCH 2014ISO 7507-4:1995 (Identical), Petroleum and liquid petroleum productsCalibration of vertical cylindrical tanksPart 4: Internal electro-optical distance-ranging methodSPECIAL NOTESAPI publications necessarily address problems of a

4、general nature. With respect to partic-ular circumstances, local, state, and federal laws and regulations should be reviewed.API is not undertaking to meet the duties of employers, manufacturers, or suppliers towarn and properly train and equip their employees, and others exposed, concerning healtha

5、nd safety risks and precautions, nor undertaking their obligations under local, state, or fed-eral laws.Information concerning safety and health risks and proper precautions with respect to par-ticular materials and conditions should be obtained from the employer, the manufacturer orsupplier of that

6、 material, or the material safety data sheet.Nothing contained in any API publication is to be construed as granting any right, byimplication or otherwise, for the manufacture, sale, or use of any method, apparatus, or prod-uct covered by letters patent. Neither should anything contained in the publ

7、ication be con-strued as insuring anyone against liability for infringement of letters patent.Generally, API standards are reviewed and revised, reafrmed, or withdrawn at least everyve years. Sometimes a one-time extension of up to two years will be added to this reviewcycle. This publication will n

8、o longer be in effect ve years after its publication date as anoperative API standard or, where an extension has been granted, upon republication. Statusof the publication can be ascertained from the API Measurement Coordination Segmenttelephone (202) 682-8000. A catalog of API publications and mate

9、rials is published annu-ally and updated quarterly by API, 1220 L Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20005.This document was produced under API standardization procedures that ensure appropri-ate notication and participation in the developmental process and is designated as an APIstandard. Questions con

10、cerning the interpretation of the content of this standard or com-ments and questions concerning the procedures under which this standard was developedshould be directed in writing to the standardization manager, American Petroleum Institute,1220 L Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20005. Requests for

11、permission to reproduce ortranslate all or any part of the material published herein should also be addressed to the gen-eral manager.API standards are published to facilitate the broad availability of proven, sound engineer-ing and operating practices. These standards are not intended to obviate th

12、e need for apply-ing sound engineering judgment regarding when and where these standards should beutilized. The formulation and publication of API standards is not intended in any way toinhibit anyone from using any other practices.Any manufacturer marking equipment or materials in conformance with

13、the markingrequirements of an API standard is solely responsible for complying with all the applicablerequirements of that standard. API does not represent, warrant, or guarantee that such prod-ucts do in fact conform to the applicable API standard.All rights reserved. No part of this work may be re

14、produced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Contact the Publisher, API Publishing Services, 1220 L Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20005.Copyright 2003 American

15、 Petroleum InstituteFOREWORDChapter 2.2D of the Manual of Petroleum Measurement Standards (MPMS) should beused in conjunction with API Standard, Chapter 2.2A, the Manual Strapping Method.API publications may be used by anyone desiring to do so. Every effort has been made bythe Institute to assure th

16、e accuracy and reliability of the data contained in them; however, theInstitute makes no representation, warranty, or guarantee in connection with this publicationand hereby expressly disclaims any liability or responsibility for loss or damage resultingfrom its use or for the violation of any feder

17、al, state, or municipal regulation with which thispublication may conict.Suggested revisions are invited and should be submitted to the standardization manager,American Petroleum Institute, 1220 L Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20005.iiiCONTENTSPage1 SCOPE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

18、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 NORMATIVE REFERENCES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 DEFINITIONS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19、. . . . . . . . . . . 14 PRECAUTIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 EQUIPMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25.1 Electro-optical dista

20、nce-ranging instrument . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 EODR INSTRUMENT SETUP WITHIN THE TANK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27.1 Instrument Setup

21、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27.2 Preliminary Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 SELECTION OF TARGET POINTS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

22、 . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 CALIBRATION PROCEDURE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 310 TOLERANCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 310.1 Reference Target Point: Distance

23、 Verication. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 310.2 Reference Target Point: Horizontal and Vertical Angle Verication . . . . . . . . . . 311 OTHER MEASUREMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 312 CALCULATION AND DEVELOPME

24、NT OF CAPACITY TABLES . . . . . . . . . . . . 5APPENDIX A FIELD EQUIPMENT VERIFICATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7APPENDIX B CALCULATION OF INTERNAL RADII FROM MEASURED PARAMETERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9APPENDIX C BIBLIOGRAPHY . .

25、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11Figures1 Illustration of Target Positioning on Tank Shell Wall. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 Illustration of Calibration Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

26、. . . 4 A-1 Illustration of the Distance Measurement Setup. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7Tables1 Minimum Number of Target Points Per Set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3v1Manual of Petroleum Measurements StandardsChapter 2Tank CalibrationSecti

27、on 2DCalibration of Upright Cylindrical Tanks Using the Internal Electro-optical Distance Ranging Method0 IntroductionThe method described in this part of API MPMSChapter 2is an alternative to other tank calibration methods such as thestrapping method (API MPMSChapter 2, Section 2A), theoptical-refe

28、rence-line method (API MPMSChapter 2, Sec-tion 2B) and the optical-triangulation method (API MPMSChapter 2.2C).The parts of Chapter 2 form part of a series on tank calibra-tion which also includes: Standard 2551, Measurement andCalibration of Horizontal Tanks;Standard 2552, Measure-ment and Calibrat

29、ion of Spheres and Spheroids;Standard2554, Measurement and Calibration of Tank Cars; Standard2555, Liquid Calibration of Tanks;Recommended Practice2556, Correcting Gauge Tables for Incrustation; MPMSChapter 7,Calibration of Barge Tanks; MPMSChapter 2.8A,Calibration of Tanks on Ships and Oceangoing B

30、arges;MPMSChapter 2.8B, Establishment of the Location of theReference Gauge Point and the Gauge Height of Tanks onMarine Tank Vessels.1 Scope1.1This part species a method for the calibration ofupright cylindrical tanks having diameters greater than 5 mby means of internal measurements using an elect

31、ro-opticaldistance-ranging instrument, and for the subsequent compila-tion of tank capacity tables. This method is known as theinternal electro-optical distance-ranging (EODR) method.1.2This part of Chapter 2 is not applicable to the calibra-tion of abnormally deformed (e.g. dented) tanks or of nonc

32、ir-cular tanks.1.3This part of Chapter 2 is applicable to tanks tilted by or = 3 % from the vertical, provided a correction is appliedfor the measured tilt as described in Chapter 2.2A.1.4This part of Chapter 2 is applicable to tanks with cone-up or cone-down bottoms, as well as to tanks with at bot

33、-toms.2 Normative ReferencesThe following standards contain provisions which, throughreference in this text, constitute provisions of this part ofChapter 2. At the time of publication, the editions indicatedwere valid. All standards are subject to revision, and parties toagreements based on this par

34、t of Chapter 2 are encouraged toinvestigate the possibility of applying the most recent editionsof the standards indicated below. Members of API maintainregisters of currently valid API Standards.APIManual of PetroleumMeasurement Standards(MPMS)Chapter 2.2A Measurement and Calibration of UprightCyli

35、ndrical Tanks by the Manual StrappingMethodChapter 2.2B Calibration of Upright Cylindrical TanksUsing the Optical Reference Line MethodChapter 2.2C Calibration of Upright Cylindrical TanksUsing the Optical Triangulation MethodIEC1825-1:1993Safety of laser productsPart 1: Equip-ment Classification, R

36、equirements andUsers Guide3 DefinitionsFor the purposes of this part of Chapter 2 the denitionsgiven in API MPMSChapter 2.2A and the following deni-tions apply.3.1 reference target point:Fixed point clearly markedon the inside surface of the tank shell wall.3.2 slope distance:Distance measured from

37、the electro-optical distance-ranging instrument to a target point on anygiven course of the tank shell wall.3.3 target point:One of a series of points on the insidesurface of the tank shell wall to which slope distance, verticaland horizontal angles are measured by use of the electro-opti-cal rangin

38、g instrument.4 PrecautionsThe general and safety precautions contained in APIMPMSChapter 2.2A shall apply to this standard.In addition, the laser beam emitted by the distance-rangingunit shall conform to IEC 825 for a class 1 laser. 1International Electrochemical Commission, 3 Rue de Varemb,P.O. Box

39、 131, CH-1211 Geneva 20, Switzerland.2CHAPTER2TANKCALIBRATION5 Equipment5.1 ELECTRO-OPTICAL DISTANCE-RANGING INSTRUMENT5.1.1The angular measuring part of the instrument shallhave an angular graduation and resolution equal to or betterthan 0.0002 gon*, a repeatability equal to or better than 0.0005 g

40、on, and an uncertainty equal to or better than 0.001 gon.2.5.1.2The distance-measuring part of the instrument, usedfor direct determination of the distances, shall have a gradua-tion and resolution equal to or better than 1 mm, a repeat-ability equal to or better than 2 mm, and an uncertaintyequal t

41、o or better than 2 mm.5.2 INSTRUMENT MOUNTINGconsisting of a tripodwhich is rm and stable. The legs of the tripod shall be heldrm, and steadied by suitable devices such as magnetic bearers.5.3 LASER BEAM EMITTERhaving a low-power laserbeam complying with IEC 825, which is either an integralpart of t

42、he EODR instrument or a separate device. If the laserbeam emitter is a separate device, it may be tted with a beroptic light transmitter system and a theodolite telescope eye-piece connection, by which the laser beam may be transmit-ted through a theodolite, or such that it may be tted to atheodolit

43、e with its axis parallel to the axis of the theodolite.The laser beam may be coincident with the optical axis of thetelescopeNote 1: The laser beam emitter is used to position target points onthe tank shell.5.4 STADIAa rigid bar, usually 2 m long, such that thegraduated length between the two stadia

44、 marks remains con-stant to within 0.02 mm.5.5 EQUIPMENT FOR BOTTOM CALIBRATION(see 11.1)5.6 AUXILIARY EQUIPMENTincluding:a. heavy weights to be set around the instrument to steadythe unit;b. lighting within the tank, if required.6 General Considerations6.1The EODR instrument shall be maintained so

45、that thevalues of its measurement uncertainty do not exceed the val-ues given in this part of Chapter 2.6.2Tanks shall only be calibrated after they have beenlled at least once with a liquid of density equal to or greaterthan that of the liquid which they will hold when in use.Note 2: The hydrostati

46、c test applied to new tanks will satisfy thisrequirement in most cases.6.3Calibration shall be carried out without interruption.6.4The EODR instrument shall be veried prior to calibration.The accuracy of the distance-measuring unit as well as theangular measuring unit shall be veried using the proce

47、duresrecommended by the manufacturer.The appropriate procedures given in Appendix A shall beused for the verication of equipment in the eld.6.5The tank shall be free from vibration and airborne dustparticles.Note 3: The oor of the tanks should be as free as possible fromdebris, dust and loose scale.

48、6.6Lighting, when required, shall be placed within thetank so as not to interfere with the operation of the EODRinstrument.7 EODR Instrument Setup Within the Tank7.1 INSTRUMENT SETUP7.1.1The instrument shall be set up with care, according tothe procedure and instructions given by the manufacturers.7

49、.1.2The instrument shall be set up so as to be stable.If necessary, the tank bottom in the vicinity of the instru-ment shall be made rm and steady by placing heavy weightsin the area. The legs of the tripod on which the instrument is mountedshall be steadied by use of suitable devices, such as magneticbearers, to prevent slippage on the tank bottom.7.1.3The instrument shall be located at, or near, the centerof the tank.Note 4: This will ensure that the measured slope distances, at anyone horizontal level, do not vary signicantly and mi