ACI 207 3R-2018 Report on Practices for Evaluation of Concrete in Existing Massive Structures for Service Conditions.pdf

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1、Report on Practices for Evaluation of Concrete in Existing Massive Structures for Service Conditions Reported by ACI Committee 207 ACI 207.3R-18First Printing January 2018 ISBN: 978-1-945487-97-2 Report on Practices for Evaluation of Concrete in Existing Massive Structures for Service Conditions Cop

2、yright by the American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI. All rights reserved. This material may not be reproduced or copied, in whole or part, in any printed, mechanical, electronic, film, or other distribution and storage media, without the written consent of ACI. The technical committees r

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11、t ACI standards and committee reports are gathered together in the annually revised the ACI Collection of Concrete Codes, Specifications, and Practices. American Concrete Institute 38800 Country Club Drive Farmington Hills, MI 48331 Phone: +1.248.848.3700 Fax: +1.248.848.3701 www.concrete.orgACI Com

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13、t responsibility for the application of the material it contains. The American Concrete Institute disclaims any and all responsibility for the stated principles. The Institute shall not be liable for any loss or damage arising therefrom. Reference to this document shall not be made in contract docum

14、ents. If items found in this document are desired by the Architect/Engineer to be a part of the contract documents, they shall be restated in mandatory language for incorporation by the Architect/Engineer. ACI 207.3R-18 supersedes ACI 207.3R-94 and was adopted and published January 2018. Copyright 2

15、018, American Concrete Institute All rights reserved including rights of reproduction and use in any form or by any means, including the making of copies by any photo process, or by electronic or mechanical device, printed, written, or oral, or recording for sound or visual reproduction or for use i

16、n any knowledge or retrieval system or device, unless permission in writing is obtained from the copyright proprietors. 1 ACI 207 .3R-18 Report on Practices for Evaluation of Concrete in Existing Massive Structures for Service Conditions Reported by ACI Committee 207 John W. Gajda, Chair Christopher

17、 C. Ferraro, Secretary Fares Y . Abdo Jeffery C. Allen Terrence E. Arnold Katie J. Bartojay Anthony A. Bombich Teck L. Chua Timothy P. Dolen Darrell F. Elliot Barry D. Fehl Mario Garza Michael G. Hernandez James K. Hicks Rodney E. Holderbaum David E. Keifer Ronald L. Kozikowski Jr. Gary R. Mass Tibo

18、r J. Pataky Jonathan L. Poole Henry B. Prenger Ernest A. Rogalla Ernest K. Schrader Kuntay K. Talay Nathaniel F. Tarbox Stephen B. Tatro Michael A. Whisonant Fouad H. Yazbeck Consulting Members Randall P. Bass Robert W. Cannon Eric J. Ditchey Brian A. Forbes Allen J. Hulshizer Richard A. Kaden Willi

19、am F. Kepler This report identifies practices for evaluating the physical properties of concrete in existing structures. Although general knowledge of the structural design used for the principle structures of a project is essential for determining procedures and locations for evaluation of the conc

20、rete physical properties, analysis for the determination of structural capacity is not within the scope of this report. This report recommends project design, operation and maintenance records, and in-service inspection data to be reviewed. Existing methods of making condition surveys and nondestruc

21、tive tests are reviewed; destructive phenomena are identified; methods for evaluation of tests and survey data are presented; and preparation of a final report is discussed. Keywords: alkali-aggregate reaction; cement; cracking; erosion; mass concrete; post-tensioning; pozzolan; roller-compacted con

22、crete; spalling. CONTENTS CHAPTER 1INTRODUCTION AND SCOPE, p. 2 1.1Introduction, p. 2 1.2Scope, p. 2 CHAPTER 2NOTATION AND DEFINTIONS, p. 2 2.1Notation, p. 2 2.2Definitions, p. 2 CHAPTER 3PREINSPECTION AND IN-SERVICE INSPECTION, p. 2 3.1Preconstruction and post-construction evaluation, p. 2 3.2Desig

23、n criteria, p. 3 3.3Concrete laboratory records, p. 3 3.4Batch plant and field inspection records, p. 3 3.5Operation and maintenance records, p. 4 3.6In-service inspections, p. 4American Concrete Institute Copyrighted Material www.concrete.org 2 EVALUATION OF CONCRETE IN EXISTING MASSIVE STRUCTURES

24、FOR SERVICE CONDITIONS (ACI 207 .3R-18) CHAPTER 4IN-PLACE CONDITION SURVEYS AND TESTING, p. 5 4.1Surface damage surveys, p. 5 4.2Joint surveys, p. 7 4.3In-place stress determinations, p. 7 4.4Supplemental instrumentation, p. 8 4.5Nondestructive test methods, p. 9 4.6Seepage monitoring, p. 9 CHAPTER

25、5SAMPLING AND LABORATORY TESTING, p. 10 5.1Core drilling and testing, p. 10 5.2Petrographic examination (ASTM C856), p. 11 5.3Chemical analysis, p. 11 5.4Physical tests, p. 12 5.5Report, p. 12 CHAPTER 6DAMAGE, p. 12 6.1Origin of distress, p. 12 6.2Considerations for repair and rehabilitation, p. 13

26、CHAPTER 7REPORT, p. 13 7.1General, p. 13 7.2Contents of report, p. 14 CHAPTER 8REFERENCES, p. 14 Authored documents, p. 14 CHAPTER 1INTRODUCTION AND SCOPE 1.1Introduction Accurate information on the condition of concrete in a massive structure is critical to evaluating its safety and serviceability.

27、 This information is required to determine if repair or replacement is necessary and to select optimum repair techniques. Guidelines for evaluating the serviceability of concrete described herein apply to massive concrete structures such as dams and other hydraulic structures. The principles in this

28、 document can be applied to the mass concrete of bridge foundations and piers, building and reactor foundations, and other applications that qualify as mass concrete. Mass concrete is any volume of concrete with dimensions large enough to require that measures be taken to cope with the generation of

29、 heat from hydration of the cement and attendant volume change, to minimize cracking. The practices described pertain to concrete placed either by conventional means or by roller compaction. In addition to this report, other documents such as ACI 201.1R, ACI 201.2R, ACI 224.1R, ACI 228.1R, ACI 228.2

30、R, ACI 437R, and ASTM C823/C823M address evaluation of concrete in existing massive structures. 1.2Scope This report focuses on practices used to evaluate concrete in existing massive structures. Design considerations, evaluation of existing operating records and past inspection reports, condition s

31、urveys, maintenance reports, determination of in-place conditions, instrumentation, identification of damage, and final evaluation of concrete are principal subjects that are covered. The objective of this report is to present methods for evaluating the capability of mass concrete to meet design cri

32、teria under service conditions, and to present procedures to detect the change in physical properties of concrete that could affect the capability of the concrete to meet future performance requirements. CHAPTER 2NOTATION AND DEFINTIONS 2.1Notation E = modulus of elasticity k = stress concentration

33、constant P = applied load = strain = stress 2.2Definitions arch damsconcrete dam that is curved upstream in plan so as to transmit the major part of the water load to the abutments and to keep the dam in compression; most likely used in a narrow site with steep walls of sound rock. borehole gaugedev

34、ice for measuring the strain of holes dug into concrete. feeler-gaugethin metal strip or wire of known thickness used as a gauge. gravity damsdam that relies on its weight and internal strength for stability. petrographic examinationdescription and systematic classification of concrete through a mic

35、roscopic examination. CHAPTER 3PREINSPECTION AND IN-SERVICE INSPECTION Before an inspection, arrangements should be made to obtain or have access to all available records and data pertaining to the structure. Data to be reviewed should include design criteria and memoranda; construction progress rep

36、orts; instrumentation records; operation and maintenance records; and preconstruction data, if available. Information on adjacent projects, additions, repairs, or modifications that may have affected a change in the service conditions should also be reviewed. 3.1Preconstruction and post-construction

37、 evaluation Engineering data relating to design criteria, design site conditions, purpose of project, and construction planning and procedure should be collected and arranged for ease of information retrieval. Documents that are readily available can be assembled first. Data that are missing but dee

38、med necessary for evaluation should be identified. A suggested list of data to be reviewed is as follows: a) Project description documents i. The applicable license(s) ii. For a nuclear plant, the preliminary safety analysis report iii. All formal design documents and final completion reportsAmerica

39、n Concrete Institute Copyrighted Material www.concrete.orgEVALUATION OF CONCRETE IN EXISTING MASSIVE STRUCTURES FOR SERVICE CONDITIONS (ACI 207 .3R-18) 3 b) Contract documents i. Technical specifications and drawings, including modifications or addendums ii. As-built drawings iii. Original issue dra

40、wings c) Regional data i. Land-use map showing location of structure and its relationship to surrounding localities ii. Topographic map of site and drainage area iii. Geologic plans and sections iv. Seismic data v. Reservoir volume versus elevation curve for dams d) Site subsurface data i. Logs of b

41、orings, core photographs, or both ii. Geological maps, profiles, and cross sections iii. Soil investigation and availability of test results iv. Foundation treatment reports v. Water table elevation vi. Geohydrologic data e) Site surface data i. Control elevations 1) For buildings: finished grade, b

42、asement, floors, and roof 2) For dams and spillways: crest, maximum and minimum reservoir surface, outlet works, and maximum and minimum tailwater f) Drainage i. Detail of drains in structure and foundation ii. Drainage flow measurements, pumping records, or both g) Environmental i. Temperatures: da

43、ily maximum, minimum, and mean for the region ii. Precipitation: records of daily precipitation, maximum, and mean annual iii. Average humidity and range iv. Number of sunny days and subfreezing days v. Exposure to sulfates; organic acids; deleterious atmo- spheric gases; chlorides (deicing salts);

44、and high or low pH, including seepage water for a dam or stream, and groundwater. 3.2Design criteria The design criteria should include the following: a) Design memorandum or report b) Values of static and intermittent loadings, wind, temperature, impact, and any other live and dead loads c) For hyd

45、raulic structures: hydrostatic and hydrodynamic loads d) Type of analysis: static or dynamic e) Placement sequence 3.3Concrete laboratory records The records from the concrete laboratory should include the following: a) Materials used i. Cement 1) Certified mill test records 2) Physical and chemical

46、 properties tests ii. Pozzolan 1) Certified test records 2) Physical and chemical properties iii. Aggregates 1) Type and source(s) 2) Grading 3) Summary of physical properties 4) Results of tests for potential reactivity 5) Report of petrographic examination iv. Mixing water 1) Source (municipal, we

47、ll) 2) Summary of chemical properties b) Concrete records i. Mixture proportions ii. Yield quantities per unit volume iii. Water-cementitious materials ratio iv. Slump or, for roller-compacted concrete, Vebe time v. Design and in-place density and air content vi. Date placed vii. Temperature records

48、, including complete thermal history, if available viii. Records of strength tests ix. Lift placement drawings x. Concrete placement drawing xi. Admixtures brands; types; and dosages, including air-entraining admixtures, target air content, and percent air entrained 3.4Batch plant and field inspecti

49、on records Batch plant and field inspection records should include the following: a) Storage and processing of aggregates i. Condition of stockpiles ii. Rinsing and finish screens for coarse aggregate iii. Bins or silos iv. Frequency of moisture and grading tests b) Cement, pozzolan, and admixture storage and handling c) Forms i. Type and bracing ii. Time interval for stripping iii. Method of finish or cleanup of unformed surfaces d) Preparation and condition of construction joints i. Formed joints ii. Unformed joints e) Mixin