IEC TR 62422-2007 Environmental characterization of solid insulating materials《固体绝缘材料的环境特性描述》.pdf

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1、 TECHNICAL REPORT IEC TR 62422First edition 2007-03Environmental characterization of solid insulating materials Reference number IEC/TR 62422:2007(E) Publication numbering As from 1 January 1997 all IEC publications are issued with a designation in the 60000 series. For example, IEC 34-1 is now refe

2、rred to as IEC 60034-1. Consolidated editions The IEC is now publishing consolidated versions of its publications. For example, edition numbers 1.0, 1.1 and 1.2 refer, respectively, to the base publication, the base publication incorporating amendment 1 and the base publication incorporating amendme

3、nts 1 and 2. Further information on IEC publications The technical content of IEC publications is kept under constant review by the IEC, thus ensuring that the content reflects current technology. Information relating to this publication, including its validity, is available in the IEC Catalogue of

4、publications (see below) in addition to new editions, amendments and corrigenda. Information on the subjects under consideration and work in progress undertaken by the technical committee which has prepared this publication, as well as the list of publications issued, is also available from the foll

5、owing: IEC Web Site (www.iec.ch) Catalogue of IEC publications The on-line catalogue on the IEC web site (www.iec.ch/searchpub) enables you to search by a variety of criteria including text searches, technical committees and date of publication. On-line information is also available on recently issu

6、ed publications, withdrawn and replaced publications, as well as corrigenda. IEC Just Published This summary of recently issued publications (www.iec.ch/online_news/ justpub) is also available by email. Please contact the Customer Service Centre (see below) for further information. Customer Service

7、Centre If you have any questions regarding this publication or need further assistance, please contact the Customer Service Centre: Email: custserviec.ch Tel: +41 22 919 02 11 Fax: +41 22 919 03 00 TECHNICAL REPORT IEC TR 62422First edition 2007-03Environmental characterization of solid insulating m

8、aterials PRICE CODE IEC 2007 Copyright - all rights reserved No part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from the publisher. International Electrotechnical Commiss

9、ion, 3, rue de Varemb, PO Box 131, CH-1211 Geneva 20, Switzerland Telephone: +41 22 919 02 11 Telefax: +41 22 919 03 00 E-mail: inmailiec.ch Web: www.iec.ch S For price, see current catalogue Commission Electrotechnique Internationale International Electrotechnical Commission 2 TR 62422 IEC:2007(E)

10、CONTENTS FOREWORD.3 INTRODUCTION.5 1 Scope.6 2 Normative references .6 3 Terms and definitions .6 4 Methodological framework8 4.1 General .8 4.2 Goal and scope definition8 4.2.1 General .8 4.2.2 Functional unit.8 4.2.3 System boundaries8 4.2.4 Allocation rules8 4.2.5 Data quality requirements9 4.3 L

11、ife-Cycle Inventory (LCI)9 4.4 Impact assessment10 4.5 Interpretation.10 5 Material Category Requirements (MCR) .10 6 Material Environmental Information Data Sheet (MEIDS)11 6.1 General .11 6.2 Resource use 11 6.3 Pollutant emissions (expressed in terms of potential environmental impact) 11 6.4 Wast

12、e generation 12 6.5 Additional information12 Annex A (informative) Material category requirements (MCR) Examples 13 Annex B (informative) Material Environmental Information Data Sheet Example18 Bibliography21 Figure 1 Schematic diagram showing the main life cycles stages of a typical polymeric insul

13、ating material.13 TR 62422 IEC:2007(E) 3 INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION _ ENVIRONMENTAL CHARACTERIZATION OF SOLID INSULATING MATERIALS FOREWORD 1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising all national electrotechnical c

14、ommittees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications, Techn

15、ical Reports, Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC Publication(s)”). Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested in the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmen

16、tal and non- governmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by agreement between the two organizations. 2) The formal decisions or a

17、greements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all interested IEC National Committees. 3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international u

18、se and are accepted by IEC National Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any misinterpretation by any end user. 4) In order to pro

19、mote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence between any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indi

20、cated in the latter. 5) IEC provides no marking procedure to indicate its approval and cannot be rendered responsible for any equipment declared to be in conformity with an IEC Publication. 6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication. 7) No liability shall attach

21、 to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees)

22、and expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC Publications. 8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is indispensable for the correct application of this publication.

23、 9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. The main task of IEC technical committees is to prepare International Standards. However,

24、a technical committee may propose the publication of a technical report when it has collected data of a different kind from that which is normally published as an International Standard, for example “state of the art“. IEC 62422, which is a technical report, has been prepared by IEC technical commit

25、tee 15: Solid electrical insulating materials. The text of this technical report is based on the following documents: Enquiry draft Report on voting 15/346/DTR 15/356/RVC Full information on the voting for the approval of this technical report can be found in the report on voting indicated in the ab

26、ove table. 4 TR 62422 IEC:2007(E) This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until the maintenance result date indicated on the IEC web site under “http:/webstore.iec.ch“ i

27、n the data related to the specific publication. At this date, the publication will be: reconfirmed, withdrawn, replaced by a revised edition, or amended. A bilingual version of this publication may be issued at a later date. TR 62422 IEC:2007(E) 5 INTRODUCTION Production, use and disposal of product

28、s may cause serious environmental problems. Electrical and electronic products are among those that are suspected to have major impacts to the environment due to their use of energy, the variety of hazardous substances included and their volume on the market. It has to be noticed that the environmen

29、tal performance of these products is related to the characteristics of the insulating materials. Environmental aspects are present in each phase of the life cycle of these materials. For example, in some thermosetting resins, volatile hazardous chemical compounds are used in production phase and spr

30、ead during processing. On the other hand sometimes these additives allow a better insulation performance with a lower indirect impact due to lower electrical losses. Regarding the end of life, if these polymers are deposited at a landfill site, the complete degradation of the material may take more

31、than a century, and during this time span harmful additives may be leached from the landfill site. In order to minimize adverse environmental impacts of electrotechnical products, insulating materials selection should be conducted by engineers and designers including environmental considerations. Th

32、e environmental information related to the investigated insulating materials should be collected and processed, by suppliers, according to this document. The evaluation should be developed at the design stage, in respect of specific uses and with a life cycle perspective in mind. This means that the

33、 environmental characteristics of the materials used, which are collected and processed according to this document, should be compared with the environmental impacts due to the performance of the product and/or the system, with the product before making material selection, product design, and so on.

34、 In order to optimize the necessary trade-offs between fitness for use and environmental impact minimization, it is important to have appropriate and comparable, i.e. standardized, information on environmental aspects and impacts (direct and indirect) connected with insulating materials entire life

35、cycle. In particular, it is fundamental to have standardized information concerning the production phase, such as information related to the consumption of resources and the environmental impact, incurred during intermediate products manufacturing; the usage phase, such as information about harmful

36、substances actually released and the insulation performances; the end-of-life phase, such as the recyclability, the recoverability, the reusability, and cautions to be taken into account when landfilling or chemically recycling. The methodological framework for the environmental characterization of

37、insulating materials should be drafted in accordance with Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) (ISO 14040 standard) principles. 6 TR 62422 IEC:2007(E) ENVIRONMENTAL CHARACTERIZATION OF SOLID INSULATING MATERIALS 1 Scope This technical report gives framework guidelines for collecting environmental data of ins

38、ulating materials useful to engineers and designers of electrotechnical products for evaluating environmental impacts. It also provides a guideline for common format in environmental data reporting. This will enable producers to more easily evaluate the potential environmental impacts of those elect

39、rotechnical products using solid insulating materials. Moreover, it will allow a quick assessment of conformity to relevant electrotechnical product- related environmental regulations. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. F

40、or dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 14020, Environmental labels and declarations General principles 3 Terms and definitions For the purpose of this document the following te

41、rms and definitions apply. 3.1 additive ingredient mixed into resin to improve properties NOTE Examples include plasticizers, initiators, light stabilizers and flame retardants. 3.2 disposal collection, sorting, transport and treatment of waste as well as its storage and tipping above or under groun

42、d, or at sea EU Directive 75/442/EEC 3.3 environment surroundings in which an organization operates, including air, water, land, natural resources, flora, fauna, humans, and their interrelation ISO 14001:2004, definition 3.5 3.4 environmental aspect element of an organizations activities, products o

43、r services that can interact with the environment TR 62422 IEC:2007(E) 7 NOTE A significant environmental aspect is an environmental aspect that has or can have a significant environmental impact. ISO 14001:2004, definition 3.6 3.5 environmental impact any change to the environment, whether adverse

44、or beneficial, wholly or partly resulting from an organizations activities, products or services ISO 14001:2004, definition 3.7 modified 3.6 incineration (of waste) burning of waste at high temperatures in the presence of sufficient air to achieve complete combustion, either to reduce its volume or

45、its toxicity 3.7 landfill engineered deposit of waste into or onto land in such a way that pollution or harm to the environment is minimized or prevented and, through restoration, to provide land which may be used for another purpose 3.8 recovery any of the applicable operations involving reprocessi

46、ng in a production process of waste material for the purpose of reclamation of secondary materials or burning them with energy recovery EU Directive 75/442/EEC 3.9 recycling reprocessing in a production process of the waste materials for the original purpose or for other purposes, but excluding ener

47、gy recovery which means the use of combustible waste as a means of generating energy through direct incineration with or without other waste but with recovery of the heat EU Directive 2002/96/EC 3.10 recyclability property of a substance or a material and parts/products made thereof that makes it po

48、ssible for them to be recycled 8 TR 62422 IEC:2007(E) NOTE Recyclability of a product is not only determined by the recyclability of the materials it contains. Product structure and logistics are also very important factors. IEC Guide 109:2003 4 Methodological framework 4.1 General The environmental

49、 performance of electrotechnical products should be described based on a Life Cycle Thinking (LCT) approach. LCT approach considers a products life-cycle and aims for a reduction of its cumulative environmental impacts. Although being based on the same principles as a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), it is more qualitative and does not require the thorough data analysis that full scale LCA relies on. Considering the life cycle of a product