2019年高考英语考纲解读与热点难点突破专题18镶珠嵌玉完形填空之夹叙夹议、说明文与议论文热点难点突破.doc

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1、1专题 19 去伪存真 短文改错一、Whenever we hear about “the homeless”，most of us think of the developing world.But the 1 is that homelessness is everywhere.For example，how many of us would expect to see people living on the streets of a 2 country like Germany?Kurt Muller and his wife Rita have spent eleven years

2、making 3 for the homeless of Berlin，Germanys capital.They first 4 in one long hot summer when most Germans were 5 on holiday.Kurt and his wife stayed at home，made sandwiches， 6 .The Mullers soon realized that food and clothing werent 7 .“What these people also need is warmth and 8 ， ” says Rita.The

3、Mullers didnt 9 to give their phone number to the street people and told them to phone anytime.Rita 10 there was somebody at home to answer the phone and their home was always 11 to anyone who couldnt face another night on the street.The couple were soon 12 all their time and money，so Kurt visited f

4、ood and clothing companies to 13 donations.Today，over thirty companies 14 donate food and other goods to the cause and volunteers help to 15 them to the homeless.The public also give clothes and money and a shoe producer 16 new shoes.Kurt and Rita receive no 17 for their hard work.“We feel like pare

5、nts， ” says Rita， “and parents shouldnt 18 money for helping their children.The love we get on the streets is our salary.” Though Rita admits she often gets 19 ，she says she will continue with her work because she likes the feeling of having made a 20 in the world.1.A.result B.truthC.reason D.idea答案

6、 B2.A.traditional B.developingC.typical D.wealthy答案 D解析 traditional 传统的；developing 发展中的；typical 典型的；wealthy 富裕的。我们有多少人2能预料到在一个像德国这么富有的国家也有人住在大街上。3.A.preparations B.housesC.meals D.suggestions答案 C解析 preparation 筹备；house 房子；meal 餐，饭；suggestion 建议。根据后文的“Kurt and his wife stayed at home，made sandwiches”

7、可知，他们是为德国首都柏林的无家可归者做饭已经十一年了。4.A.began B.metC.called D.left答案 A5.A.asleep B.aloneC.across D.away答案 D解析 解析参见上题。asleep 睡着的；alone 单独的；across 穿过；away 离开，远去。 6.A.brought up B.set upC.put aside D.gave away答案 D解析 bring up提起，养育；set up搭建，建立；put aside放一边；give away无偿赠送。库尔特和他的妻子待在家里做三明治，提供给无家可归者。7.A.enough B.nec

8、essaryC.helpful D.expensive答案 A解析 enough 足够的；necessary 有必要的；helpful 有帮助的；expensive 贵的。由后句中的“What these people also need.(人们还需要的是)”可知，此处应该表达的是“穆勒夫妇意识到只有食物和衣服并不够” 。8.A.fame B.freedomC.courage D.caring答案 D3解析 fame 名望，名声；freedom 自由；courage 勇气；caring 关心，关怀。他们还需要温暖和关怀。9.A.hesitate B.agreeC.pretend D.inten

9、d答案 A解析 hesitate 犹豫；agree 同意；pretend 假装；intend 打算，想要。穆勒夫妇毫不犹豫地把电话号码给了那些无家可归的人，并告诉他们随时给他们打电话。10.A.made sense B.found outC.made sure D.worked out答案 C解析 make sense有道理；find out发现，查明；make sure确保；work out算出，制定。前面说到穆勒夫妇把电话号码给无家可归的人，因此此处应是：丽塔确保家里有人随时接电话。11.A.open B.crowdedC.noisy D.near答案 A解析 open 开放的；crowd

10、ed 拥挤的；noisy 嘈杂的，吵闹的；near 近的，接近的。她们家对任何一个在街上不想面对又一晚流落街头的人是敞开的。be open to 意为“对是敞开的；对开放” 。12.A.costing B.wastingC.taking D.spending答案 D13.A.pay for B.ask forC.look into D.carry out答案 B解析 pay for付出；ask for要求，请求；look into 调查；carry out执行。因为穆勒夫妇马上就要花完他们的时间和金钱了，所以库尔特去了几家食品厂和服装厂请求捐赠。14.A.completely B.calmly

11、4C.regularly D.roughly答案 C解析 completely 完全地，完整地；calmly 镇定地，平静地；regularly 经常性地，定期地；roughly大约，粗暴地。现在，三十多家公司定期地为他们的事业捐赠食品和其他物品。15.A.advertise B.sellC.deliver D.lend答案 C解析 advertise 做广告；sell 卖出；deliver 递送，传送；lend 借给。志愿者们帮助向无家可归者分发这些食品和其他物品。16.A.donates B.producesC.designs D.collects答案 A解析 donate 捐赠；prod

12、uce 生产；design 设计；collect 收集。公众也捐献衣服和钱，而且一家制鞋商还捐赠新鞋。17.A.permission B.paymentC.direction D.support答案 B18.A.borrow B.raiseC.save D.expect答案 D解析 borrow 借；raise 提高；save 挽救，保存，节省；expect 期望。我们感觉就像父母一样，父母是不应该因为帮助自己的孩子而期望得到钱的。其他动词都不符合句意。 19.A.surprised B.excitedC.tired D.amused答案 C解析 surprised 惊讶的；excited 兴

13、奋的；tired 累的；amused 愉快的。尽管丽塔承认常常会感到累，但她说她会继续这项工作。20.A.profit B.difference5C.decision D.rule答案 B二、Men and women may have different experiences in shopping for clothes.A man goes shopping because he needs something.His purpose is settled and decided in 1 .He knows what he wants， and his 2 is to find it

14、 and buy it.All men 3 walk into a shop and ask the shop assistant for what they want.If the shop has it in stock(库存)，the deal can be done and 4 is completed in less than five minutes，with hardly any chat to everyones 5 .For a man，slight problems may begin when the shop does not have what he wants.In

15、 that 6 ，the salesman tries to sell the customer something elsehe 7 the nearest to the article required.A good salesman brings out such a substitute(替代品) 8 ；he may say， “I know this jacket is not the style you want，sir，but would you like to try it for size？It 9 to be the color you mentioned.” Few me

16、n have 10 with this treatment，and the usual answer is：“This is the right color and may be the right size，but I shouldnt be 11 my time and yours by trying it on.”For a woman， buying clothes is always done in the 12 way.Her shopping is not often 13 on need.She has never fully decided what she wants，an

17、d she is only “having a look around”.She is always 14 to persuasion，willing to try on any number of things.Deep in her mind is the thought of finding something that 15 thinks suits her.Most women have an excellent sense of value and are always on the lookout for the unexpected 16 .Faced with a roomf

18、ul of dresses，a woman may easily spend an hour going from one rail to another 17 selecting the dress she wants to 18 .It is a tiresome process，but clearly a(n) 19 one.Most dress shops provide chairs for the waiting 20 .语 篇 解 读 本 文 为 说 明 文 。 文 章 介 绍 了 男 女 在 购 物 方 面 的 不 同 表 现 。1.A.detail B.hurryC.adva

19、nce D.mind答案 C 6解析 根据下句“He knows what he wants.”可知男人购物时，他们要买的东西预先(in advance)就决定好了。2.A.advice B.goalC.demand D.question答案 B 解析 既然他知道他想要什么，因此他的目标(goal)就是发现它并购买。advice 建议；demand 要求；question问题。3.A.quickly B.immediatelyC.soon D.simply答案 D解析 所有的男士只是(simply)走进商店向售货员要他们想要的东西。quickly 迅速地；immediately立即；soon

20、不久。4.A.often B.constantlyC.normally D.finally答案 A5.A.confidence B.amusementC.satisfaction D.surprise答案 C解析 解析见上题。confidence 信心；amusement 娱乐；satisfaction 满意；surprise 惊奇。6.A.time B.eventC.situation D.case答案 D解析 如果那样的话(in that case)，售货员就会竭尽全力卖给顾客其他东西售货员会把离这位男顾客想要的东西最近的那件提供(offer)给他。7.A.gives B.offersC.

21、presents D.delivers答案 B解析 解析见上题。give 给予；present 赠送，呈现；deliver 送(货)。78.A.skillfully B.attentivelyC.actively D.carefully答案 A解析 好的售货员会巧妙地(skillfully)拿出这样的替代品。attentively 认真地；actively 积极地；carefully仔细地。 9.A.occurs B.happensC.comes D.takes答案 B解析 先生，我知道这件夹克不是你想要的款式，但是你能试一试这件看看尺码合适吗？那碰巧(happen)是你提到的那种颜色。10.

22、A.patience B.interestC.expectation D.experience答案 A11.A.losing B.spendingC.giving D.wasting答案 D解析 这件的颜色和大小可能都合适，但我不应该通过试穿它来浪费(waste)你我的时间。lose 丢失；spend花费；give 给予。12.A.same B.cleverC.opposite D.similar答案 C解析 对于女士来说，她们总是以迥然不同的(opposite)方式购买衣服。same 相同的；clever 聪明的；similar相似的。13.A.relied B.basedC.done D.

23、related答案 B解析 女士购物经常不是基于需要。be based on基于；be relied on被依赖。没有 be done on和 be related on结构。814.A.open B.readyC.close D.happy答案 A15.A.nobody B.somebodyC.everybody D.anybody答案 C解析 在女性购物者内心深处是想找到每个人(everyone)都认为适合她的东西。anybody 常用于否定句和疑问句，故被排除。nobody 和 somebody不合本句句意，可直接排除。16.A.deal B.surpriseC.luck D.barga

24、in答案 D解析 根据上文(大多数女性都有超高的价值意识)可推知，女性购物者总是对意外的便宜货(bargain)很留意。deal 交易；surprise 惊奇；luck 运气。17.A.after B.asC.before D.by答案 C解析 面对满屋子的衣服，女性购物者可能会很容易花一个小时从一个服装架走到另一个服装架才(before)会选中自己想要试穿(try on)的衣服。18.A.try on B.try outC.try up D.try for答案 A解析 参考上题解析。19.A.tiring B.enjoyableC.boring D.graceful答案 B解析 这个过程很烦

25、人，但对女性购物者来说显然是一种令她们很愉悦的(enjoyable)过程。920.A.customers B.assistantsC.wives D.husbands答案 D解析 男士不愿意购物，因此大多数服装店总是给等待女士购物的丈夫们提供椅子。三、Thinking of my good friends，I sense that my attitudes are totally different towards men and women.My earliest childhood friend is Donald.In the street was a(n)_old German tru

26、ck.No wheels.No doors.Each day，_we were flying over the Atlantic in that truckour “airplane”， there came that wonderful moment：“ Engine_！” Id shout, “Well have to jump out.”Glancing at me，hed say, “I cant_！” “Fear not! Ill drag you to the _.”And when we swam_the dust, Donald cried “Sharks！” But I al

27、ways_him.The next day, changing_， Donald would do the same to me.We saved each other hundreds of times, but when my family really did leave for America, we could do_.We just cried silently as the train_.These days, Jessica is one of my best friends.Recently we were swimming on the shore of the Atlan

28、tic, the_one I had “flown” over in my German truck with Donald.We were far from the shore when we both thought we_a shark! We began swimming_toward the shore.Although in_，I fell back to protect her.In the end, the“ shark” proved _， but not my deep emotional feelings for my friend.We looked into each

29、 others eyes and said, “I love you！”You see with women I could be_， emotionally honest and transparent.With male friends, it seemed impossible to_caring feelings however deep the friendship was.Much to my_， research shows that men and women have very different_and rational (理性的)processes.I do love a

30、ll my friendsonly the means of expression_.文章大意：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，通过讲述“我”和朋友 Donald和 Jessica在一起时的经历，说明了“我”对待男性朋友和女性朋友的情感表达方式是不同的。1. Aadvanced BdecoratedCabandoned Dupdated102.Abefore BwhileCafter Duntil答案：B 解析：根据语境可知，每天当(while)我们乘坐飞机(旧的德国卡车)飞越大西洋时，美妙的时刻就来临了。3. Aloss BdeathCpressure Dfailure答案：D 解析：根据下文的 “w

31、ell have to jump out”可知，此处表示“发动机(出现)故障(failure)”，故选 D。4. Ajump BswimCdie Drun答案：B 解析：根据上文中的“we were flying over the Atlantic”及“well have to jump out”和下文的“when we swam”可知，此处表示“我不会游泳(swim)” 。5. Adust BriverCtruck Dshore答案：D 解析：参见上题解析。因为 Donald不会游泳，故此处表示“我会拖着你一起到岸(shore)上” 。6. Aover BthroughCacross Dbe

32、yond7. Aleft BfetchedCrescued Ddefeated答案：C 解析：根据空前的“Sharks”及“But”可知，此处表示“但是我总是营救(rescued)他” 。leave“留下” ；fetch“去取回” ；defeat“打败” 。8. Aroles BmannersCimages Dforms答案：A 解析：根据上文讲述的我们的游戏和扮演的角色可知，此处表示“第二天我们交换角色(roles)”。119. Asomething BnothingCanything Deverything答案：B 解析：根据空前的“We saved each other hundreds

33、 of times”及“but”可知，在游戏中我们互相营救了几百次，但是当我们家真的要离开去美国的时候，我们什么事情都做不了，故选 B。10. Abroke down Bmoved inCpulled away Dblew up答案：C 解析：根据语境可知，当火车开动(pulled away)时，我们默默地哭了。break down“分解，失败” ；move in“搬进新居” ；blow up“炸毁，给(某物)充气” 。11. Avery BlastCfirst Donly答案：A 解析：根据空后的“one I had flown over in my German truck with Do

34、nald”可知，此处应选 A。the very one 表示“就是那一个” 。12. Aattacked BspottedCannoyed DkilledAeagerly Bcasually13 Chardly Dcrazily答案：D 解析：根据上文可知，我们疯狂地(crazily)往岸边游去。eagerly”迫切地” ；casually”偶然地” ；hardly“几乎不” 。14. Apanic BhesitationCdoubt Dsilence答案：A 解析：根据语境可知，尽管恐慌、害怕(in panic)， “我”还是游回去保护她。hesitation“犹豫” ；doubt“怀疑”：

35、silence“沉默” 。15. Afierce BfriendlyCimaginary Dtrue答案：C 解析：根据语境可知，鲨鱼被证明是我们想象的(imaginary)，但是“我”对朋友的深情是真实的。16. Acool Bshy12Cpassive Dopen答案：D 解析：根据空后的“emotionally honest and transparent”可知，和女性朋友在一起， “我”是坦率的(open)。17. Aexpress BhideCadmit Dcontrol答案：A 解析：根据空后的“however deep the friendship was”可知，和男性朋友在一起

36、，无论友谊多么深厚，表达(express)关心的感情看起来都是不可能的。18. Aembarrassment BdisappointmentCrelief Dsurprise答案：C 解析：根据空后的“research shows.processes”可知，此处表示“令我非常宽慰的是” 。to ones relief为固定短语，意为“令人宽慰的是” 。 19. Aemotional BphysicalCmental Dmoral20. Achanges BdevelopsCmatters Ddiffers答案：D 解析：根据本段内容可知， “我”确实爱“我”的朋友们，只是“我”的表达方式不同(

37、differs)。四、For me, two of the loveliest words in English are “Life persists”I_ _them years ago as a college student, sitting in the library，_ _， working on a paper.Out of nowhere, those words came _ _ off the page in a quote (引语)：“In the midst of death life persists, in the midst of_ _truth persists

38、, in the midst of darkness light persists.”Suddenly I wasnt unhappy and impatient any more.Then I_ _my granddad.I loved to talk with him.And I was_ _to hear what hed think of it.He had poor hearing, so I had to _ _it a few times, but once he_ _it, he laughed. “All I can say to that is totally_ _， ”

39、he said on the phone. I told him how glad I was, after a long winter, to finally see spring and_ _to find that quote.“Why is that？” he 13asked.“Well, spring is a sure_ _that life persists.And it just makes me_ _.”He laughed again, and then_ _his lovely voice, he recited for me his_ _“ spring time” w

40、ords: “ The desert shall rejoice (高兴) , and_ _as the rose does.even with joy and singing.”Many years later，_ _my husband and I drove across a desert with many wildflowers and blooming (盛开的) cactuses，I could_ _hear my granddad laughing: “The desert shall rejoice.”Life persists, and so do we, in the s

41、ilence of_ _and the blooming of cactuses; and in the dead of _ _and the green of spring.Spring_ _us that were alive forever.文章大意：本文是一篇夹叙夹议的文章，讲述的是作者有感于春天的活力，从偶然读到的一段话联想到生命的意义与坚持。生命长存于漫漫沙漠的植物中，长存于冬去春来的绿意中。冬去春来，生命依然长存，而我们也要继续前行。1. Alooked for Bhappened onCpicked out Dmade up答案：B 解析：根据语境可知，几年前坐在大学的图书馆里

42、作者偶然遇到这两个单词“Life persists”。happen on“偶然遇到或发现” ，符合语境。pick out“挑选，辨别出” ；make up“编造” 。2.Abored BconcentratedCtired Dconfused3. Arunning BdancingCrushing Dmoving答案：B 解析：这两个词突然从书页上的引语中跃入作者的眼帘。dancing 在此形象生动地描述了这两个词所富含的美好活力以及作者遇到它们的偶然性。4. Afear BaccusationCsuspicion Duntruth答案：D 解析：在死亡中，生命依然坚持；在谎言中，真理依然长存

43、；在黑暗中，光明依然永驻。根据句中的 death与 life，darkness 与 light的对应关系可知，此处应填 truth的反义词。untruth“虚假，14不真实”符合语境。accusation“控告” ；suspicion“怀疑” 。5. Acalled BvisitedCconsulted Dinformed答案：A 解析：根据下文中的“on the phone”可知，作者给爷爷打电话。 call“(给)打电话” ，符合语境。visit“看望，拜访” ；consult“咨询” ；inform“告知“。6. Apatient BconfidentCupset Ddesperate答

44、案：D 解析：根据语境及上文中的“I loved to talk with him”可知，作者很想听到爷爷(对这句话)是怎么看的。desperate“极想，渴望” 。patient“耐心的” ；upset“不安的” 。7. Acopy BprintCrepeat Drecite答案：C 解析：根据上文中的“He had poor hearing，so I had to”和下文中的“a few times”可知，爷爷的听觉不灵，所以作者不得不多次重复(repeat)这句话。copy“抄写” ；print“打印” ；recite“背诵” 。8. Agot BmadeCundertook Dmana

45、ged答案：A 解析：但是一旦作者的爷爷明白(got it)了，他就笑了起来。make it“获得成功，准时到达”。9. Apuzzlement BscepticismCagreement Ddisapproval10. Apractically BespeciallyCobviously Dnaturally答案：B 解析：作者告诉爸爸她在漫长的冬天过去，最终看到春天，特别是偶然发现这句引语，自己是有多高兴。especially “特别，尤其” ，符合语境。practically“实际地，差不多” ；obviously“明显地” ；naturally“自然而然地” 。11. Away Bin

46、spiration15Cremark Dsign答案：D 解析：春天就是一个可信的迹象，它表明生命是长存的。sign”迹象，征兆”符合语境。inspiration“鼓舞人心的人(或事物)” 。12. Aastonished BenergeticCmerry Dalive答案：C 解析：根据上文中的“I wasnt unhappy”，下文中的 “rejoice(高兴)“joy”及文章的主题可知，这句话使作者感到开心(merry)。astonished“震惊的” ；energetic“精力充沛的” 。13. Ain BwithCof Dbeyond答案：A 解析：作者的爷爷又笑了笑，然后用他那悦耳

47、的嗓音为作者背诵了他最喜欢的语句。Invoice是固定搭配，表示“以的嗓音” 。14. Aimpressive BsuperbCclassical Dfavorite答案：D 解析：参见上题解析。impressive“给人印象深刻的” ；superb“极佳的，质量极高的” ；classical“经典的” ；favorite“最喜欢的” 。15. Aexist BflowerCsurvive Dsow答案：B 解析：沙漠应该高兴，像玫瑰一样盛开。根据空后的“as the rose does”可知，flower“开花”符合语境。16. Aafter BwhenCuntil Dalthough17.

48、 Ahardly BalwaysCalmost Dmostly答案：C 解析：参见上题解析。almost“几乎，差不多” ，符合语境。18. Ajourneys BwordsCworld Ddesert16答案：D 解析：根据空后的“the blooming of cactuses.”和上文中的“a desert with many wildflowers and blooming(盛开的)cactuses”及“The desert shall rejoice”可知，生命长存，同样的，我们也要坚持。生命长存于寂静的沙漠(desert)中和盛开的仙人掌里。19. Awinter BspringCsumme