（滨州专版）2018中考英语总复习第三部分题型研析高分保障课件.ppt

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1、第三部分 题型研析 高分保障,题型1 听 力 选 择,听力选择题主要考查学生听音辨义的综合能力。中考听力需要考生在听懂材料的基础上进行合理的理解，分析并阅读听力选项。在听力技巧上，学生要掌握同音词、同义词、书面语和口语的不同表达方法。 中考听力试题题材多样，包括日常交际用语、常用对话和短文，话题涵盖政治经济、社会文化、风俗习惯、历史地理、科学技术等各个方面。 听力选择题常设题型：1.听句子，选择最佳答语。2.听对话和问题，选择最佳答案。3.听长对话，回答问题或完成表格。4.听短文，完成任务。,解题技法指导,类型1 单句理解题,1.在做单句理解听力题前我们首先要快速浏览选项，看准每个选项的相同点

2、和不同点，对各选项内容做到心中有数，如遇部分录音材料未听清或无把握确定答案时，可跳过。 2平时多注意掌握日常交际用语，答题时要依据对话场景来对谈话人的意图作出正确的判断，从而作出正确选择。 【例】 2017滨州中考模拟听句子，选择恰当的答语。句子读两遍。 AFine，thank you. BOK，its sunny. CRight，Ill do it now. 【听力原文】 How are you? 【解析】 这是一道典型的考查日常交际用语的题目，“How are you？”用来询问身体好不好。快速浏览三个选项，A项意为“很好，谢谢你”；B项意为“好的，天气晴朗”；C项意为“好的，我现在马上做

3、”。A选项可作问题的答语。 【答案】 A,类型2 对话理解题,对话理解包括短对话理解和长对话理解。 其中短对话中有2个看图作答题，这类题主要要求学生能把正确的图画语言与所听到的内容联系起来，做好这类题的关键是“听音、明意”。一是要听懂句意，而且听懂句意的前提是能抓住句中的“关键词”；二是要具备“读图、识图”的能力，清楚图画中的人物、动作、形态等。 由于长对话是一个相互联系的整体，听前我们要浏览选项，了解一定的信息，并预测话题及内容。在听的时候要注意对话中的人物、时间、地点、语音语调、上下文之间的联系等，同时还要排除干扰，适当地做一些记录，以增强记忆。弄清对话大意，重点关注第二发言者。第二发言者

4、针对前者的提问所作的回答，往往就是谈话的关键内容。,【例1】 2017滨州中考模拟听对话和问题，选出正确答案。对话和问题读两遍。 How much are the bananas? A$3 a pound. BSome bananas. CIn the store. 【听力原文】 A：Can I help you? B：Yes，Id like some bananas.How much are they? A：They are $3 a pound. Question：How much are the bananas? 【解析】 这是一道关于购物的对话理解。对话中应当注意的信息有：$3 a p

5、ound，bananas。根据问题how much可知，询问的是价格，因此答案为A。 【答案】 A,【例2】 听对话和问题，选择正确答案。对话和问题读两遍。 1When did the boy come back from a holiday? AOn Friday. BOn Saturday. COn Sunday. 2Where was the hotel? A In a city center. BOn the beach. CIn the mountains. 3What sport did the boy enjoy in the holiday? ASwimming. BPlayi

6、ng tennis. CPlaying golf. 4How many people went on holiday together? A3. B4. C5. 5What do they think of the hotel? AComfortable but noisy. BComfortable，quiet but expensive. CComfortable，quiet and inexpensive.,【听力原文】 G：Hello，Jay，did you get back from holiday on Friday or Saturday? B：On Sunday. G：Oh，w

7、here did you stay? B：My parents dont like citycenter hotels，so we stayed in a hotel right on the beach.The mountains were twenty minutes away by car. G：Was there a swimming pool? B：Yes，there was.It was great！I went swimming every day.There were tennis courts as well but Im not good at tennis.Of cour

8、se，my dad spent all day playing golf. G：Did you have your own room? B：My brother and I had one room together.It was OKthere was a TV.But if we wanted to use a computer，we had to go to our parents room.,G：What was the food like? B：It was fine.There was fish and lots of different salads every day but

9、I prefer pasta，so I nearly always had that. G：So was it a good holiday? B：My parents said the hotel was really comfortable and not too noisy.It wasnt expensive，either，so we may go back again! Questions： 1When did the boy come back from a holiday? 2Where was the hotel? 3What sport did the boy enjoy i

10、n the holiday? 4How many people went on holiday together? 5What do they think of the hotel?,【解析】 听录音前，通过读问题和选项可知，男孩和几个人去度假，在这期间他住在旅馆里，并提到了男孩喜欢某种运动。第一题问什么时候度假回来的。男孩在开始就提到了周日回来的。第二题询问的是旅馆的位置。“in a hotel right on the beach”。第三题询问男孩喜欢哪种运动。在对话中男孩提到他每天都游泳，不擅长打网球，爸爸一天都打高尔夫，通过排除法可知答案。第四题询问共有几人去度假。男孩一共提到了四人，

11、父母和哥哥还有自己。第五题询问旅馆怎么样。在对话中男孩提到“the hotel was really comfortable and not too noisy.It wasnt expensive，either.”。 【答案】 1.C 2.B 3.A 4.B 5.C,类型3 短文理解题,短文理解是听力测试中综合性较强、难度较大的题型，短文主要为记叙文。但短文与单句和对话不同，有一定的完整内容，涉及到的词汇量较大，知识面较广。做这类题目应注意： 1仔细审题，捕捉信息，预测内容。充分利用听前的时间，浏览所设小题的题干及选项，推测该短文可能涉及的内容，减少盲目性。 2把握关键，听记结合。听短文时，

12、注意听第一句，因为它是短文主题句，注意其中的时间、地点和人物，有利于对全文的理解。听录音时要借助之前脑子里所捕捉的信息，边听边记，进一步理解听力内容。抓住短文主题，把握与试题有关的关键信息。听第二遍时，注意及时核对尚未完全听清的选项，选定答案并逐题复查验证，以减少差错。,【例】 1.Who gave Tom one dollar at first? AHis mother. BHis father. CThe old man. 2What happened when Tom went to buy a toy? AJames was hit badly by snowballs. BTom m

13、et an old man and helped him. CTom broke a window of the house. 3Why did Tom go back to the house? AHe wanted to get his toy back. BHe wanted to pay for the window. CHe wanted to play snowballs again. 4How much money did Tom get at last? ATwo dollars. BOne dollar. CNothing. 5What does the story want

14、 to tell us? AWorking hard is very important. BHelping others is to help ourselves. CBeing honest can bring us more.,【听力原文】 Tom was happy to get one dollar from his father.He wanted to buy a toy with it.So he put on his hat and ran into the street.There he met some boys throwing snowballs.Soon Tom j

15、oined them.He sent a snowball at James，but he missed him，and broke a window on the other side of the street.Tom was afraid and ran as fast as he could.But soon he stopped.He said to himself，“It was wrong to break the window，I will go back and pay for it.” He went back to the house and saw an old man

16、.Tom told him what he did，then he gave the man the dollar he had.The old man took the dollar，and asked Tom his name and where he lived.At last，the old man said，“OK.” At dinner time，Toms father told him to go and look in his hat.Tom found two dollars there！His father told Tom that an old man came and

17、 gave back his dollar and another more.Because he thought Tom was an honest boy.,【解析】 通过听录音前快速浏览题目可知本短文讲述的是与汤姆有关的故事，告诉我们诚实可带给我们更多。通过浏览第1题题目可知，听的时候要注意one dollar及句中的人物，可快速得出答案。浏览第2题，弄清题目的意思，听录音时注意单词window，可得出答案C。3题较难，涉及到的信息较多，不过听录音时注意到关键词pay for，可得到答案B。快速浏览第4题，听录音时注意有关金钱数量的词，不难得出答案A。第5小题是考查我们对故事的理解，难度

18、大一些，但通过词语an honest boy不难得出答案C。 【答案】 1.B 2.C 3.B 4.A 5.C,即时运用,(一)录音中有五个句子，听句子两遍后，从每小题A、B、C三个选项中选出能对每个句子做出适当反应的答语。 ( A )1.A.39.5 yuan. B39.5 kilos.C39.5 meters. ( B )2.A.Its really tall.BSounds crazy but good!CYes, I do. ( B )3.A.Green and yellow.BWood and plastic.CMeat and vegetables. ( C )4.A.Hurry

19、up! BHave a try!C. Thank you! ( B )5.A.Juice, coffee and cola.BMath, English and history.CDoctors, policemen and actors.,(二)录音中有五组对话和五个问题，听对话和问题两遍后，从每小题A、B、C三个选项中选出能回答所给问题的正确答案。 ( B )6.What is Mary doing now?,( B )7.Where are the glasses?,( B )8.What does John do?AAn engineer. BA policeman.CA journa

20、list.,( A )9.Whats wrong with Susan?AShe may be ill.BShe may be hurt.CShe may be hungry. ( B )10.What did the man think of the football gameyesterday?AHe liked it very much.BIt wasnt exciting.CHe regretted missing the end.,(三)录音中有一段对话和五个问题，听对话和问题两遍后，从每小题A、B、C三个选项中选出能回答所给问题的正确答案。 ( B )11.Whats the we

21、ather like?ASunny. BRainy. CCloudy. ( C )12.Why does John run every day?ATo pass his PE. test.BTo join the school team.CTo prepare for his marathon. ( C )13.How far does John run in a week?AAbout 10 kilometers.BAbout 42 kilometers.CAbout 70 kilometers. ( A )14.How many times has John run marathons b

22、efore?AFour. BFive. CSix. ( B )15.What does Kate think of the marathon forherself?AIts cool. BIts difficult.CIts great.,(四)录音中有一篇短文和五个问题，听短文和问题两遍后，从每小题A、B、C三个选项中选出能回答所给问题的正确答案。 ( A )16.Why do many people like to travel by plane?ABecause its fast.BBecause its safe.CBecause its expensive. ( A )17.Whic

23、h is NOT the good thing about the train?AIt takes more time.BYou can walk around in it.CYou can open the windows. ( C )18.If Jack wants to carry a lot of things with him，what does he probably take to go out?AA plane. BA train. CA car.,( C )19.What is the bad thing about the car?AYou neednt go to a s

24、tation.BYou can start your journey when you want to.CThere are too many cars on the road. ( B )20.Which of the following is true?AJack likes to take a train because it takes more time.BJack thinks an airport is usually far from a city.CJack likes to take a car because its fast.,【听力原文】 (一)录音中有五个句子，听句

25、子两遍后， 从每小题A、B、C三个选项中选出能对每个句子做出适当反应的答语。 1How much will the man pay for the tickets? 2What do you think of his suggestion? 3What is the table made of? 4You did it better this time. 5Jenny, what are the lessons on Tuesday morning? (二)录音中有五组对话和五个问题，听对话和问题两遍后，从每小题A、B、C三个选项中选出能回答所给问题的正确答案。 6M：Are you enjo

26、ying yourself，Mary? W：Yes.Its really a nice party，but I have to go home now. Question：What is Mary doing now? 7M：Mum，where are my glasses？I cant find them. W：Let me see.There they are，under the table. Question：Where are the glasses?,8W：Do you work in a TV station，John? M：No.Im a policeman，but my par

27、ents would like me to be an engineer. Question：What does John do? 9W：Why is Susan crying? M：I dont know.She looks pale.Maybe she feels ill. Question：Whats wrong with Susan? 10W：Paul，you went to watch the football game yesterday evening.How did you like it? M：Oh，they played so badly.And I left at the

28、 halftime. Question：What did the man think of the football game yesterday?,(三)【听力原文】录音中有一段对话和五个问题，听对话和问题两遍后，从每小题A、B、C三个选项中选出能回答所给问题的正确答案。 W：Hello，John.What are you doing this afternoon? M：Hi，Kate.Im going to run this afternoon. W：To run？But its raining outside. M：I dont care.I love running in the ra

29、in，and I have to run because I am training for a marathon. W：A marathon？Its a long distance，so you need to train every day for it. M：Yes. W：So do you actually run 42 kilometers every day? M：Of course not.But I have to run about 10 kilometers almost every day.Then，I can run about 70 kilometers a week

30、. W：And how many times have you run marathons before?,M：Ive already run about four marathons，and now Im preparing for my fifth marathon. W：Wow! You are so cool! M：So would you like to run with me? W：Oh，sounds great，but its too difficult for me.I really dont think its for me. Questions： 11Whats the w

31、eather like? 12Why does John run every day? 13How far does John run in a week? 14How many times has John run marathons before? 15What does Kate think of the marathon for herself?,(四)录音中有一篇短文和五个问题，听短文和问题两遍后，从每小题A、B、C三个选项中选出能回答所给问题的正确答案。 Hi，everyone.Im Jack.Im glad to share you something about my idea

32、s on different kinds of transportation.Many people like to travel by plane，because its really fast.But I dont like it because an airport is usually far from a city.You cant open the windows.You cant choose the food.Planes are fast，but they still take hours to go out of the airport and into the city.

33、I like traveling by train.I think trains are safe.Train stations are usually in cities.When you are late for a train，you can catch another one.You can walk around in the train and open the windows.You can see many interesting things on your way.However，it takes more time.I also like cars.You can sta

34、rt your journey when you want to，and you dont need to get to,a train station or a bus stop.You can also carry many things with you in a car.But sometimes there are too many cars on the road.Thats all! Thanks for listening! Questions： 16Why do many people like to travel by plane? 17Which is NOT the g

35、ood thing about the train? 18If Jack wants to carry a lot of things with him，what does he probably take to go out? 19What is the bad thing about the car? 20Which of the following is true?,题型2 选择填空,选择填空注重语言的实用性、交际性，在一定的语境上考查冠词、数词、名词、形容词、副词、动词等，着重考查学生对词汇语法、习惯用法、日常用语及综合运用英语知识的能力。近几年滨州中考选择填空题由传统的单纯考查语法知

36、识发展为着重考查英语应用，不是孤立地考查学生对语言知识的识记能力，而是考查学生在真实情景中正确、合理地使用语言的能力。,解题技法指导,类型1 固定搭配法,固定搭配法，就是利用学过的固定短语或固定句式结构进行解题。 【例】 2017贵阳中考改编Huangguoshu Waterfall is _ beautiful that I want to come here again next year. Aso Btoo Csuch Dfor 【解析】 句意：黄果树瀑布如此美丽以至于我明年还想来这儿。so. that 意为“如此以至于”。 【答案】 A,类型2 标志词法,许多题目中都有一些词，它们对快

37、速而准确地判断答案起着重要的作用，找到这些标志词，就找到了解题的突破口。 【例】 2017德州中考Excuse me，I wonder _ Yes, its near the bookstore. Awhere we will go for the holiday Bif there is a lost and found office Cwhen she will give me a call Dhow we can go to Hong Kong 【解析】 句意：打扰一下，我想知道是否有失物招领处。有，在书店附近。结合答语中“yes”可知宾语从句应该以if或whether开头。 【答案】

38、B,类型3 排除法,排除法，就是根据题干提供的信息，先把一眼就能看出的干扰项排除，缩小选择范围，然后将剩余项填入空白处进行验证，以选出正确答案。 【例】 2017临沂中考Could you please take out the rubbish? _. But I want to drink a cup of water first. AThank you BSure, no problem CYoure welcome DNo, I cant 【解析】 句意：请倒垃圾好吗？_。但是我先喝一杯水。 问句是一般疑问句，答语应该是肯定的或否定的，排除A、C两项；由答语“But I want to

39、drink a cup of water first.”可知，我可以倒垃圾，但是我先喝杯水。 【答案】 B,类型4 语境分析法,语境分析法，就是根据所处的语言环境，联系上下文直接解题。 【例】 2017镇江中考Do you enjoy the songs sung by Jay Chou? Of course. Not only I but also my parents _ his fans. Aam Bare Cwas Dwere 【解析】 句意：你喜欢周杰伦唱的歌吗？当然。不但我而且我的父母都是他的粉丝。上文“Do you enjoy.？”提示答语用一般现在时表示客观事实；not onl

40、y.but also.意为“不但而且”，连接并列主语时谓语动词遵循“就近原则”。由主语my parents提示用are。 【答案】 B,类型5 前后照应法,前后照应法，就是解题前透彻理解，然后联系上下文，捕捉隐含的信息，找到正确答案。 【例】 2017德州中考 While traveling in a strange place, youd better _ the local people and follow their customs (习俗) Awatch Bchange Ccontrol Dteach 【解析】 句意：在一个陌生地方旅游时，你最好观察当地人，然后遵守他们的习俗。根据句

41、中“follow”可知只有watch“观察”后才能“遵守”。 【答案】 A,类型6 交际法,交际法，就是利用交际用语的问和答来解题。 【例】 I will go to the countryside to see my grandmother this afternoon，so I cant go swimming with you. _ AIts my pleasure. BYou are welcome. CThats a pity. DSure，I am. 【解析】 根据句意，前者不能一块去游泳了，错过了一个机会，这种情况下我们使用“真遗憾”作为应答。 【答案】 C,类型7 还原法,还原

42、法，有时也叫代入法，是仿照数学中代入答案演算从而验证是否准确的一种方法。具体来讲，做题时，先读题干，分析句子结构和考查目的，然后浏览选项，根据题干把认为最有可能的选项代入到题干中去读，看是否有意义、是否符合语法、是否完整、是否符合固定搭配等，从而来判断代入的选项是否是最佳答案。 【例】 I dont know how to search the Internet. _Ill help you. AI hope so BDont worry CIm afraid，too DNor do I 【解析】 句意：我不知道如何上网。_。我会帮助你。先看选项，不确定哪一个合适，可把每一个选项都代入，看一看

43、是否通顺或者完整。代入A项“我希望如此，我会帮助你”，不通顺；代入C项“恐怕我也不会，我会帮你”，自相矛盾；代入D项“我也是，我会帮你”，也不符合逻辑。只有B项“不必担心，我会帮你”合适。 【答案】 B,即时运用,1Whos the man _D_ sunglasses? Hes Jack Ding.Ive just got an autograph from him. Aon Bfor Cof Dwith 2Im sorry，Mr. Hu.I _B_ my English exercise book at home. It doesnt matter.Please remember _ it

44、 here this afternoon. Aforget；to bring Bleft；to bring Cforgot；to take Dleft；to take 3Pass the raincoat to me，please.It _A_ hard now. Here you are. Ais raining Brained Cwill rain Drains 4The milk shake tastes good.How do you make it? Its easy，just follow the _B_ Adiscussions Binstructions Cresolution

45、s Dintroductions,5Could you please tell me _A_？ Ten years ago. Awhen you taught in this school Bwhen did you teach in this school Chow long you taught in this school Dhow long did you teach in this school 6Mary runs _C_ of all the girls in her school，and she won the 100meter race last month. Aneares

46、t Bhighest Cfastest Dslowest 7Their classroom is as _B_ as ours. Acleaner Bclean Cthe cleanest Dmuch cleaner 8Tomorrow my parents will take me to Hong Kong Disneyland. _C_ ABest wishes to you! BIts a good idea. CHave a good day! DGood luck to you!,9What a bad day! Everyone has one of those days when

47、 _A_ goes right. Anothing Banything Ceverything Dsomething 10I hear youve got a new watch._B_ I have a look? Yes，you may. ADo BMay CShould DShall 11Excuse me，could I borrow your computer? _B_，but please give it back by Saturday. AIm sorry BOf course CCertainly not DNo，thanks 12He borrowed some money

48、 _C_ me and gave it _ the poor man. Ato；for Bfor；to Cfrom；to Dto；from,题型3 完形填空,完形填空语篇文体主要是记叙文和说明文，是检测考生阅读水平的重要途径之一，是对考生基础知识的应用能力和阅读能力的测试。近几年的中考完形填空题，以考查实词为主，虚词为辅，而且这种以考查实词为主的倾向逐年增加，在所考查的实词中，考查固定搭配及习惯用语的题仅占17%，而根据上下文的逻辑关系进行综合分析、推理判断的涉及运用英语能力的题目超过80%。,解题技法指导,阅读指导,1速读全文，掌握大意 完形填空一般是给定一篇短文，该短文是一个内容完整的整体，有它自己的逻辑、组织结构和语言特点。即使文章中去掉某些词语，学生读后仍能产生一个整体印象。因此做题时第一步就是要快速阅读全文，了解短文大意。通读全文，有利于把握短文的逻辑关系，提高选择答案的速度和准确率。2抓住关键词，根据上下文解题 要善于发现在文章中起重要作用的关键词、短语或句子，以便准确了解所提问题的特定语境以及语篇中的内在关系，做到言之有据。比如文章的首尾、每段的第一句和最后一句等，它们往往是全文或全段的主题句，通过它们可以知道文章的题材、大意、时间、人物和事件等。,