VDA 230-205-2005 Automotive Leather - Determination loose grain effect《汽车皮革 松散纹效果的测定》.pdf
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1、 VDA Test Sheet April 2005 Automotive Leather Determination loose grain effect VDA 230-205 Continued on pages 2 to 4 VERBAND DER AUTOMOBILINDUSTRIE E. V. (VDA) Westendstrae 61 60325 Frankfurt Distribution: DOKUMENTATION KRAFTFAHRTWESEN E.V. (DKF) Ulrichstrae 14, D-74321 Bietigheim-Bissingen Foreword
2、 This standard method was prepared by the VDA leather working group in collaboration with the leather industry, the chemical industry and test laboratories. 1. Scope This test method is used to determine the loose grain effect of automotive leather. The method is applicable to non laminated leather
3、up to a thickness of 2,0 mm as well as laminated leather up to a total thickness of 5 mm. Additionally; a root cause analysis procedure is described for test samples showing grain varia-tions. Note: In the event of conflict between the German and English language, the German language shall take prec
4、edence. 2. Normative references ISO 2589 (2002-12): Leather Physical and mechanical tests Determination of thickness 3. Principle The leather under test is bent concave over a defined radius using a half pipe (Halpi). The result-ing wrinkling of the grain is compared with photographs of a standard l
5、eather under test condi-tions. A pentamerous rating scale is used for assessing the samples. page 2 VDA 230-205 April 2005 4. Terms and definitions Loose grain effect Visible wrinkling of the grain side of laminated leather during a concave bend is called loose grain effect. This wrinkling can be ca
6、used by the following: y The leather has a loose grain. y The leather has a loose fibre structure which is fixed by the lamination of the flesh side. This fixation results in vertical tension when concavely bent. The result is wrinkling of the grain layer. y When concavely bent the laminated materia
7、l is subjected to vertical tension. As a result rough wrinkles are visible. Loose grain A loose grain leather is characterised by a grain layer sitting loose on the lower leather layers due to insufficient binding. Under bending (concave to the flesh side) the grain layer of non-laminated leather pa
8、rtly or completely separates from the remaining leather hide thus causing wrinkles on the leather surface when bent. 5. Apparatus and materials 5.1 Standard metal half pipe (length 300 mm, inner diameter 36 mm, outer diameter 40 mm), the outer diameter is for reference only, dependent upon the metho
9、d of pipe manufacture, and two appending fixation rolls (length 71 mm, outer diameter 32 mm, mass 210 5 g) 5.2 Large metal half pipe (length 300 mm, inner diameter 74 mm, outer diameter 77 mm) ,the outer diameter is for reference only, dependent upon the method of pipe manufacture and two appending
10、fixation rolls (length 71 mm, outer diameter 64 mm). 5.3 Standard metal ring (inner diameter 36 mm, height 20 mm). 5.4 Large metal ring (inner diameter 74 mm, height 20 mm). 5.5 Single sided adhesive tape with the following properties: 50 mm width, carrier; transparent PVC, total thickness approxima
11、te 65 m, adhesive strength to steel approximately 3.0 to 3.5 N/cm, tearing force approximately 60 N/cm, elongation at break approximately 60 %. 5.6 Sharp scissors and razor blades. 5.7 Light microscope. 6. Sampling For procedure A described in 7.1, two (2) test samples (one longitudinal and one tran
12、sversal to the line of the back bone), of dimension 300 x 55 mm size are taken from the leather. The test samples shall be taken from the middle third, between neck and tail of the hide and shall be minimum 5 cm away from the line of the back bone. For outgoing or incoming inspection (non-destructiv
13、e testing) the test may be performed on com-plete hides. The adhesive tape shall be applied on the relevant position on the flesh side of the hide. For procedure B described in 7.2, two (2) test samples of dimension 300 x 100 mm are taken per-pendicularly to each other from the laminated leather. If
14、 the direction of the line of the back bone is unknown, test sample preparation is oriented on the part geometry. page 3 VDA 230-205 April 2005 7. Procedure 7.1 Determination of loose grain effect of non laminated leather Procedure A Place the test samples (section 6) with the grain side downwards o
15、n a smooth plane base. Then laminate one half of the test sample (150 mm) on the flesh side with the adhesive tape (section 5.5) starting from the middle of the test sample to outwards. To achieve a steady down force during this lamination one of the fixation rolls (section 5.1) is rolled over the a
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