UL SUBJECT 3200-2008 OUTLINE OF INVESTIGATION FOR PERFORMANCE TESTING OF ENGINE AND TURBINE GENERATORS (Issue 2)《发动机和涡轮发电机性能测试的调查大纲 (议题2)》.pdf

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1、UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION ORDISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM ULDecember 19, 20081SUBJECT 3200OUTLINE OF INVESTIGATIONFORPERFORMANCE TESTING OF ENGINE AND TURBINE GENERATORSIssue Number: 2DECEMBER 19, 2008Summary of TopicsThe second issue of the Subject 3200

2、Outline of Investigation includeseditorial revisions to correct the ARI references to AHRI references in16.3.2.1, 16.3.2.2 and in Appendix C.The UL Foreword is no longer located within the UL Outline of Investigation. Forinformation concerning the use and application of the requirements contained in

3、this Outline of Investigation, the current version of the UL Foreword is located onULStandardsInfoNet at: http:/ 2008 UNDERWRITERS LABORATORIES INC.UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION ORDISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM ULDECEMBER 19, 2008SUBJECT 32002No Text on This P

4、ageUL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION ORDISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM ULCONTENTS1 Scope .62 Glossary .73 DE Boundaries 104 Data Collection 114.1 General 114.2 Instrumentation .124.3 Methods of measurement 124.4 Electrical parameters 134.5 Intake air temperature 14

5、4.6 Single intake opening or duct .144.7 Multiple intake openings or ducts 154.8 Barometric pressure .154.9 Exhaust backpressure .154.10 Product energy input .154.11 Mass flow method 154.12 Volumetric flow method .174.13 Product thermal energy output .174.14 Thermal fluid flow 174.15 Inlet and outle

6、t thermal fluid temperatures .194.16 Specific heat capacity of thermal fluids 194.17 Total exhaust energy .194.18 Specific heat of exhaust gas .194.19 Exhaust temperature .194.20 Exhaust flow rate .194.21 Acoustic measurement 214.22 System boundary 214.23 Instruments 214.24 Total measurement uncerta

7、inty 225 Varying parameters and collecting data points .235.1 General 236 Preparation for Tests .236.1 Development of product testing program .236.2 Preliminary operation and adjustment 237 Operation During Test 247.1 Specified conditions .247.2 Stabilization 247.3 Maximum permissible cariations in

8、operating conditions 247.4 Duration of test run data collection period and frequency of readings 258 Records 259 Fuel Supply Pressure Performance Test 259.1 Purpose 259.2 Test conditions 269.3 Test method 269.4 Required test measurements .2810 Exhaust Backpressure Performance Test 2910.1 Purpose .29

9、10.2 Test conditions .2910.3 Test method .2910.4 Required test measurements 3011 Intake Air Temperature Performance Test .3111.1 Purpose .31DECEMBER 19, 2008 SUBJECT 3200 3UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION ORDISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL11.2 Test conditions .3

10、111.3 Test method .3111.4 Required test measurements 3212 Stand-Alone (Grid-Isolated) Testing .3313 Standby Conditions Start and Load Testing 3313.1 Purpose .3313.2 Test conditions .3413.3 Test method .3413.4 Required test measurements 3614 Power Factor Performance Tests (Stand-Alone Operation) .361

11、4.1 Purpose .3614.2 Test conditions .3614.3 Test method .3714.4 Required test measurements 3815 Mode Change (Grid-Parallel to Island, if applicable) .3915.1 Purpose .3915.2 Test conditions .3915.3 Test method .3915.4 Required test measurements 4016 Thermal Energy Production/Heat Recovery Test 4016.1

12、 Purpose .4016.2 Test conditions .4116.3 Test method .4116.4 Required test measurements 4317 Acoustic Emissions .4417.1 Acoustic emission parameters and measurements .4417.2 Preparation for tests 4417.3 Test method .4617.4 Required test measurements 4718 Exhaust Gas Emissions Measurement 4718.1 Purp

13、ose .4718.2 Test method .4819 Computation Of Results / Calculation Methods .4819.1 General .4819.2 Determination of energy input 4919.3 Fuel heating value 4919.4 Determination of electrical output .5319.5 Determination of electrical efficiency 5319.6 Determination of heat rate .5719.7 Determination

14、of thermal output 5819.8 Determination of thermal efficiency .5919.9 Determination of system efficiency .5919.10 Determination of exhaust gas flow rate 6019.11 Exhaust gas volumetric flow rate 6019.12 Exhaust gas emissions 6120 Test Reporting .6320.1 General .63DECEMBER 19, 2008SUBJECT 32004UL COPYR

15、IGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION ORDISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM ULAPPENDIX A ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONSAPPENDIX B EXAMPLES OF TEST CONFIGURATION BOUNDARY DIAGRAMSAPPENDIX C REFERENCED STANDARDS AND PUBLICATIONSAPPENDIX D EXAMPLE ELECTRICAL PARASITIC LOAD LISTD.1 Electr

16、ical Parasitic Load List D1APPENDIX E EXAMPLE TESTING MATRIXE.1 Cooling, Heating, and Power System .E1APPENDIX F ACOUSTIC EMISSIONS DEFINITIONSAPPENDIX G TEST REPORTINGG.1 Test Report G1G.2 Overall test information G1G.3 Data collection .G3G.4 Fuel supply pressure performance tests .G3G.5 Exhaust ga

17、s backpressure performance tests G4G.6 Intake air temperature performance tests G5G.7 Stand-alone (grid-isolated) tests G6G.8 Standby condition start and load tests .G6G.9 Power factor performance tests G7G.10 Mode change tests G8G.11 Thermal energy production/heat recovery tests G9G.12 Environmenta

18、l tests G10DECEMBER 19, 2008 SUBJECT 3200 5UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION ORDISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL1 Scope1.1 The objective of this outline (test protocol) is to establish a uniform methodology for testing andreporting performance of DG equipment and

19、packaged CHP products in a laboratory environment. Theoutline establishes methods for measuring, calculating, and reporting power output, efficiency, otherelectrical parameters, emissions, and thermal output with the intent of determining or verifying theoperational characteristics of the tested pro

20、ducts within the manufacturers specified ambient andoperational design limits. The outline is not a detailed procedure. It refers to detailed industry-acceptedstandards for specific test requirements, as appropriate.1.2 This document is intended for use by organizations such as manufacturers, univer

21、sities, laboratories,and other capable testing agencies to assess the performance attributes of commercial distributed energyproducts. Results of testing are ultimately intended for use by end users, manufacturers, utilities, systemintegrators, engineers, and regulators. The scope of this document c

22、overs laboratory quality performancetesting of gas-turbine-, reciprocating-engine-, and microturbine-based products and applies to CHP(combined heating and power) products that contain heat recovery and thermally activated coolingtechnologies.1.3 In addition to the tests themselves, this outline des

23、cribes consistent methods for preparing for thetests, analyzing data, and calculating and reporting of test results. It includes grid-connected, stand-alone,and transient operating performance. The outline does not describe setting up the CHP system or itscommissioning and decommissioning.1.4 This o

24、utline includes the following performance test elements for DG and CHP systems:a) Power output and efficiency.b) Standby and transient performance.c) Emissions.d) Noise.1.5 This outline does not cover the performance testing of distributed energy products with respect to:a) The electric utility inte

25、rconnection requirements of IEEE 1547 or the Standard for Inverters,Converters and Controllers for Use in Independent Power Systems, UL 1741.b) Remote communication and control systems.c) The reliability, availability, maintainability, or durability of DG products as the number of DGunits and operat

26、ing time required to obtain meaningful data is greater than reasonablyachievable in a laboratory environment.1.6 Liquid fuel analysis and heating value determination is not covered by this outline.DECEMBER 19, 2008SUBJECT 32006UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION ORDISTRIB

27、UTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL2 Glossary2.1 VOLTAGE Voltage is a measure of the electromotive force or potential developed betweenseparated positive and negative electric charges. In AC circuits, the root-mean-square (rms) voltage isthe square root of the sum of the instantaneous voltage values, s

28、quared, or:in which:V = rms voltage, volts (V)T = time perioda = initial timev = instantaneous voltage, (V)For a pure sine wave, the rms voltage value is 0.7071 times the peak voltage value. Rms voltages fordistorted waveforms can differ from this proportion.2.2 CURRENT Current is a measure of the q

29、uantity of electrons flowing past a fixed point during aone-second interval. A potential difference of one volt across a one-ohm resistor causes a one-ampere(A) current to flow. Rms current in AC circuits is stated the same way as rms voltage.2.3 REAL POWER Real power is the combination of the volta

30、ge and the value of the correspondingcurrent that is in phase with the voltage. Real power produces resistive heating or mechanical work,and can be expressed as:in which:P = average real power at any time t0, watts (W)v = instantaneous voltage, (V)i = instantaneous current, (A)DECEMBER 19, 2008 SUBJ

31、ECT 3200 7UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION ORDISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM ULT = time periodIf both the voltage and current are sinusoidal and of the same period,P=VIcosin which:V = voltage rms value, (V)I = current rms value, (A) = phase angle between V and I,

32、(degrees)In three-phase wye-connected systems for purely resistive loads (where = 0), total power is:Ptot=(Vab/ 3)Ia+(Vbc/ 3)Ib+Vca/ 3)Icin which:Ptot= total power, (W)Vab= rms voltage between phases a and b, (V)Ia= phase a current, (A)Vbc= rms voltage between phases b and c, (V)Ib= phase b current,

33、 (A)Vca= rms voltage between phases c and a. (V)Ic= phase c current, (A)2.4 ENERGY Total energy in watt-hours is the real power integrated over the time period of interest.1000 W produced over one hour is one kilowatt-hour (kWh).2.5 REACTIVE POWER AND APPARENT POWER Reactive power develops when indu

34、ctive,capacitive, or nonlinear sources and loads exist on the system. It does not represent useful energy thatcan be extracted from the system, but it can cause increased losses and excessive voltage peaks.Reactive power is:Q=(S2P2)in which:Q = reactive power, volt-amperes reactive (VAR)S = apparent

35、 power, calculated asV*I,volt-amperes (VA)P = real power (W)DECEMBER 19, 2008SUBJECT 32008UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION ORDISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL2.6 POWER FACTOR Power factor, PF, is the ratio between real power and apparent power:PF = P/SPower facto

36、r indicates how much of the apparent power flowing into a load or a feeder is real power.2.7 FREQUENCY Frequency is the number of complete cycles of sinusoidal variation per unit time.In the U.S., the EPS frequency is typically 60 Hertz (Hz).2.8 TOTAL HARMONIC DISTORTION AC waveform distortion occur

37、s at integer multiples, orharmonics, of the lowest sine wave frequency (fundamental frequency). Total harmonic distortion (THD)defines the relationship of all distorting integer harmonic waveforms with the fundamental. THD is theratio of the root-mean-square (rms) summed harmonic current or voltage

38、to the rms value of thefundamental, expressed as a percent of the fundamental. In equation form:in which:%THD = total harmonic distortion (%)f = fundamental harmonic order (60 Hz in North America)h = harmonic order as an integer multiple of the fundamental (h = 2 for 120 Hz)I = true rms current (A)V

39、 = true rms Voltage (V)2.9 EXTERNAL PARASITIC LOADS Parasitic loads are those that are essential for proper DGproduct function. The power supply for some parasitic loads, such as fuel gas compressors, heatrejection unit fans, heat transfer fluid pumps, etc., may be on the customer-side, or “upstream

40、”, of theproduct power meter (see Figure 3.1). Such loads are considered to be external parasitic loads and donot factor into net product output or efficiency calculations.2.10 NORMALIZED EMISSION RATES Emission rate normalized against system power output toprovide emission rates (lb/kWh) is:DECEMBE

41、R 19, 2008 SUBJECT 3200 9UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION ORDISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM ULERN, kW=Ej/ kWhjin which:ERN,kW= normalized emission rate, (lb/kWh)Ej= mean emission rate at load condition j, (lb/hr)kWhj= mean power production at load condition j, (kW

42、h)3 DE Boundaries3.1 A boundary diagram shall identify the equipment and components included in the system being testedand should be developed prior to testing. Figure 3.1 shows a generalized boundary diagram thatdelineates the system components, subsystems, and end user or customer interfaces. The

43、figureindicates two distinct boundaries:a) Product Boundary (DG or CHP).b) System Boundary.3.2 For the purposes of this outline, the Product Boundary is intended to identify fully functionalstandardized offerings from sellers, such as manufacturers, distributors, or dealers, and is defined as thegen

44、erating set including all skid-mounted auxiliary components supplied by the seller. In the event theproduct offered by the seller consists of multiple standardized skids requiring field assembly, all such skidsshall fall within the Product Boundary.3.3 The System Boundary is intended to identify all

45、 additional non-standard components, whethersupplied by the seller or provided by other parties, which are required to make the product fully functional.For example, if a product contains a heat recovery heat exchanger that falls within the product boundarybut does not contain the circulating pump f

46、or the thermal fluid used at the site, the circulating pump wouldfall within the System Boundary but not the Product Boundary.3.4 The boundary diagram is essential in order to identify the configuration of the system with respect toauxiliary equipment loads, referred to as “parasitic loads.” Parasit

47、ic loads, which are required for systemoperation, consume electricity and essentially reduce the system efficiency and the amount of electricpower available to an end user. It is important to delineate whether a parasitic load falls within the productor system boundary so accurate comparisons can be

48、 made between different DG systems.DECEMBER 19, 2008SUBJECT 320010UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION ORDISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL3.5 Auxiliary equipment that serves multiple units in addition to the DG unit being tested (such as largegas compressors) should

49、be documented in the testing report, but should not be included within theSystem Boundary unless the multiple-unit system is a standard product offering.3.6 Figure 3.1 depicts the concept of Product and System Boundaries, but it is not comprehensivebecause DG and CHP products and installations vary greatly from site to site and across applications. Foreach test performed, it is necessary to develop a detailed boundary diagram that indicates theconfiguration of the system to be tested, w