UL SUBJECT 1279-2010 OUTLINE OF INVESTIGATION FOR SOLAR COLLECTORS (Issue 2)《太阳能集热器的调查大纲 (议题2)》.pdf

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1、UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION ORDISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM ULJanuary 8, 20101SUBJECT 1279OUTLINE OF INVESTIGATIONFORSOLAR COLLECTORSISSUE NO: 2JANUARY 8, 2010Summary of TopicsThis new issue of SU 1279 is being issued to address universal upkeep ofUL Standa

2、rds for Safety. The changes to this outline are considered tobe non-substantive and not subject to ULs STP process.A reference to UL 60730-1 and/or a Part 2 standard from that series has beenadded to this outline. The addition of this reference provides an alternatestandard for investigating compone

3、nts currently covered by UL 873 until October19, 2016. This added reference will facilitate the use of components that havebeen investigated to the UL 60730 series. Such components have beendetermined to fulfill the requirements of the legacy standards.UL 60730-1 (4th Edition) becomes effective on O

4、ctober 19, 2016. All componentsthat were previously investigated to the requirements in UL 873 will have tocomply with the requirements in either UL 60730-1 and/or a Part 2 standard fromthat series in order to maintain UL Listing or Recognition, as appropriate. UL 873legacy controls standard will be

5、 withdrawn on October 19, 2016.This is intended to provide end product manufacturers with sufficient time to a)address the impact of the standards changes during normal design changes overthe intervening years, b) submit any modified products for investigation, and c)implement any necessary changes

6、in production.COPYRIGHT 2010 UNDERWRITERS LABORATORIES INC.UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION ORDISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM ULJANUARY 8, 2010SUBJECT 12792No Text on This PageUL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION ORDISTRIBUTION WITHOUT P

7、ERMISSION FROM ULCONTENTSINTRODUCTION1 Scope .52 General 63 Glossary .7CONSTRUCTION4 Assembly 84.1 General .84.2 Frame bonding for grounding 95 Installation Fire Resistance 106 Materials in Air Handling Compartment .117 Thermal Insulation .128 Materials in Fluid Passages .129 Glazing Material .1210

8、Sharp Edges or Projections 1311 Seals Against Leakage 1312 Heated Surfaces 1313 Corrosion Protection 14ELECTRICAL SYSTEM14 General 1415 Field Wiring Connections 1516 Equipment Grounding .1617 Leads and Terminals 1718 Separation of Circuits .1919 Spacings High-Voltage Circuits .2020 Spacings Low-Volt

9、age Circuits 21PERFORMANCE21 Instrumentation .2221.1 Solar radiation measurement 2221.2 Wind velocity measurement .2221.3 Temperature measurements .2222 Temperature Test .2322.1 General .2322.2 Temperature measurements .2322.3 Test samples 2522.4 Test method .2923 Thin Film Deflection Test 3524 Rain

10、 Test 3524.1 General .3524.2 Electrical systems 3624.3 Rain test apparatus .3725 Glazing Impact Test .4026 Accelerated Aging Plastic Glazing .4027 Flame Tests Materials in Air Handling Compartments 41JANUARY 8, 2010 SUBJECT 1279 3UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION ORDIST

11、RIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL28 Dielectric Voltage Withstand Test .4229 Design Load Test .4330 Pressure Tests .4430.1 Gas containment .4430.2 Liquid containment .4531 Accelerated Aging Tests Gaskets and Seals .4531.1 General .4531.2 Oxygen and air aging .4531.3 Exposure to liquids .4731.4 Ozon

12、e exposure .4732 Ultraviolet Light and Water Exposure Test .4833 Thermal Shock Test Cold Fill .4834 Fire Tests 4935 Corrosion Protection Coating and Tests .5035.1 General .5035.2 Exterior corrosion protection .5035.3 Internal corrosion .51MANUFACTURING AND PRODUCTION LINE TESTS36 Production Line Die

13、lectric Voltage Withstand Tests .5237 Pressure Test Liquid Containment 53MARKINGS AND INSTRUCTIONS38 Markings .5339 Installation and Operating Instructions .55APPENDIX AStandards for ComponentsA1JANUARY 8, 2010SUBJECT 12794UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION ORDISTRIBUTIO

14、N WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM ULINTRODUCTION1 Scope1.1 These safety requirements cover factory built solar collector modules for use in active solar energysystems, wherein solar energy is converted into heat energy and transferred to a heat transfer fluid suchas air, water, or organic or inorganic fluid

15、s circulated through the collector. The requirements also applyto a separate solar collector module intended for use in a thermal syphon system, such as for domesticwater heating.1.2 These requirements cover solar collector modules to be installed in such locations as:a) A roof, on a roof or above a

16、 roof;b) A structural sidewall, or on a structural sidewall;c) Freestanding (i.e., not attached to a building).1.3 These requirements also cover those electrical, mechanical or hydraulic features provided by themanufacturer as an integral part of the collector module, including tracking mechanisms,

17、and suchcomponents as temperature controls, heat transfer fluid manifolds, and connectors for interconnectingindividual collectors into a collector array when packaged with the collector module.1.4 These requirements do not cover components or subsystems which are used with solar collectors insolar

18、energy utilization systems, except as specified in 1.1 and 1.3.1.5 These requirements are intended to include provisions for the installation of solar collectors inaccordance with the following National Fire Protection Association Installation Codes and Standards, asapplicable:a) National Electrical

19、 Code, NFPA No. 70-1999.b) Standard for the Installation of Air Conditioning and Ventilating Systems, NFPA No. 90A-1996.c) Standard for the Installation of Warm Air Heating and Air Conditioning Systems, NFPA No.90B-1996.1.6 A product that contains features, characteristics, components, materials, or

20、 systems new or differentfrom those covered by the requirements in this Outline of Investigation, and that involves a risk of fire,electric shock, or injury to persons shall be evaluated using the appropriate additional component andend-product requirements as required to maintain the level of safet

21、y as originally anticipated by the intentof this Outline of Investigation. A product whose features, characteristics, components, materials, orsystems conflict with specific requirements or provisions of this standard is not to be evaluated to complywith this Outline of Investigation. Where appropri

22、ate, revision of requirements are proposed and adoptedin conformance with the methods employed for development, revision, and implementation of this Outlineof Investigation.JANUARY 8, 2010 SUBJECT 1279 5UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION ORDISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION

23、 FROM UL2 General2.1 For the purpose of this Outline of Investigation a solar collector module is a complete factoryassembled product or an identified group of subassemblies forming a complete product (see Assembly Section 4), consisting of these components:a) An absorber.b) Heat transfer fluid pass

24、ages.c) A cover.Exception: A collector intended to be used without a cover, or intended to be installed inside abuilding with a cover forming part of the building and separated from the collector, is not requiredto employ a cover.d) Insulation.Exception: A collector intended to be used without insul

25、ation is not required to contain insulation.e) A reflector.Exception: A collector intended to be used without a reflector is not required to contain areflector.f) Mounting provisions (including tracking mechanisms).g) Additional components such as frame gaskets, fasteners, and other components requi

26、red tocomplete the assembly and/or installation of the product.2.2 Except as indicated in 2.3, a component of a product covered by this Outline of Investigation shallcomply with the requirements for that component. See Appendix A for a list of standards coveringcomponents used in the products covere

27、d by this Outline.2.3 A component is not required to comply with a specific requirement that:a) Involves a feature or characteristic not required in the application of the component in theproduct covered by this Outline of Investigation; orb) Is superseded by a requirement in this Outline of Investi

28、gation.2.4 A component shall be used in accordance with its rating established for the intended conditions ofuse.2.5 Specific components are incomplete in construction features or restricted in performance capabilities.Such components are intended for use only under limited conditions, such as certa

29、in temperatures notexceeding specified limits, and shall be used only under those specific conditions.JANUARY 8, 2010SUBJECT 12796UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION ORDISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL2.6 Values stated without parentheses are the requirement. Values

30、 in parentheses are explanatory orapproximate information.2.7 The terms collector and product as used in this Outline of Investigation refer to solar collectormodules or any part thereof covered by this Outline of Investigation unless specifically noted otherwise.3 Glossary3.1 For the purpose of thi

31、s Outline of Investigation, the following definitions apply.3.2 ABSORBER That part of the solar collector which receives the incident radiation energy andtransforms it into thermal energy. This definition includes any surface through which energy istransmitted to the transfer fluid; however, the tra

32、nsfer fluid itself is capable of being the absorber.3.3 AIR MASS The ratio of the mass of atmosphere in the earth-sun path to the mass which existswhen the sun is directly overhead at sea level.3.4 ANGLE OF INCIDENCE The angle between the direct solar irradiation and the normal to theaperture plane.

33、3.5 APERTURE AREA The maximum projected area of a solar collector through which theunconcentrated solar radiant energy is admitted.3.6 CIRCUITS, ELECTRICAL:a) HIGH-VOLTAGE A circuit involving a potential of not more than 600 volts and havingcircuit characteristics in excess of those of a low-voltage

34、 power-limited circuit.b) LOW-VOLTAGE A circuit involving a potential of not more than 30 volts rms alternatingcurrent, 42.4 volts ac peak or dc, supplied by a primary battery, by a Class 2 transformer, or bya transformer and fixed impedance which, as a unit, complies with all the performancerequire

35、ments for a Class 2 transformer.3.7 CLASS1Asystem which does not have the current limitations of Class 2 and Class 3 systems.3.8 CLASS2Asystem in which the current is limited to low values by fuses or CBs and by supplythrough transformers which deliver only very small currents on short circuit or by

36、 other means. All Class2 circuits have a power source with power-limiting characteristics specified by the National ElectricCode.3.9 COLLECTOR, CONCENTRATING A solar collector which uses reflectors, lenses or other opticalelements to concentrate the radiant energy onto an absorber of which the surfa

37、ce area is smaller thanthe aperture area.3.10 COLLECTOR, FLAT-PLATE A nonconcentrating solar collector in which the absorbing surfaceis planar.3.11 COLLIMATION The process of providing parallel radiation that strikes the incident plane of thecollector at an angle of 90 degrees from the incident plan

38、e.3.12 COVER, COLLECTOR The glazing material covering the aperture for thermal andenvironmental protection.JANUARY 8, 2010 SUBJECT 1279 7UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION ORDISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL3.13 PYRANOMETER A radiometer used to measure the total so

39、lar radiation incident upon asurface per unit time per unit area. This energy includes the direct radiation, the diffuse sky radiationand the solar radiation reflected from the foreground.3.14 READILY ACCESSIBLE Capable of being reached without requiring personnel to climb over orremove obstacles or

40、 to resort to portable ladders, chairs, or similar mechanisms.3.15 REFLECTOR An internal or external reflective component designed and supplied for thecollector to achieve its designed performance.3.16 SOLAR CONSTANT 429.2 Btu/hr/ft2(1353 W/m2).3.17 TEMPERATURE, AMBIENT AIR The temperature of the ai

41、r immediately surrounding the solarcollector(s) being tested.3.18 TOTAL INCIDENT IRRADIATION The total solar radiant energy incident upon a unit surfacearea during a specified time period, expressed in (W-hr)/m2(Btu/ft2).3.19 TRANSFER FLUID, HEAT The medium, such as air, water or other fluid, which

42、passes throughthe solar collector and carries the absorbed thermal energy away from the collector.CONSTRUCTION4 Assembly4.1 General4.1.1 A collector shall be factory built and, when not completely assembled as a unit, shall be arrangedin major subassemblies.4.1.2 Unless a collector is specifically d

43、esigned with the intent that cutting, drilling, threading, welding,and other machining operations be applied in the course of intended field assembly installation, eachsubassembly shall be capable of being incorporated into the final assembly without requiring suchalteration to the subassembly by th

44、e installer see 39.3(l). Two or more subassemblies which are requiredto bear a definite relationship to each other for the intended installation and operation of the product (i.e.,alignment of reflectors) shall be arranged and constructed to enable them to be incorporated into thecomplete assembly i

45、n correct relationship to each other without requiring alteration or alignment.4.1.3 With reference to 4.1.1 and 4.1.2, major subassemblies of a collector are:a) Absorber.b) Glazing.c) Frame.d) Insulation.e) Tracking Mount.JANUARY 8, 2010SUBJECT 12798UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHE

46、R REPRODUCTION ORDISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL4.1.4 Gaskets, wiring harnesses, mounting hardware, and other components, are not required to bepackaged separately from the major subassemblies.4.1.5 The design of the product shall be such that, for any intended installation, the alteration o

47、r removalof a baffle, insulation, or a shield intended to prevent excessive temperatures (see 22.1.1) is not required.4.1.6 Adjustable or movable parts shall be provided with locking devices to prevent accidental shiftingwhen such action results in a risk.4.1.7 Self-tapping screws used to attach par

48、ts which are detached for routine maintenance specified bythe manufacturer shall hold upon the application of the torques indicated in Table 4.1 after removal andreplacement, when failure to do so results in noncompliance with other requirements in this Outline ofInvestigation.Table 4.1Maximum torqu

49、e requirements for self-tapping screwsTorque,Screw size (mm) Pound-inches (Nm)No. 8 (4.2) 20 (2.3)No. 10 (4.8) 25 (2.8)1/4 inch (6.4) 100 (11.3)5/16 inch (7.9) 200 (22.6)3/8 inch (9.5) 350 (39.5)7/16 inch (11.1) 550 (62.1)1/2 inch (12.7) 800 (90.3)9/16 inch (14.3) 1200 (135.5)4.1.8 The assembly instructions provided with a product shipped in major subassemblies shall be detailedand accurate to the degree required to facilitate total assembly of the product.4.2 Frame bonding for grounding4.2.1 A product that employs electri