UL 157-1996 UL Standard for Safety Gaskets and Seals (Second Edition Reprint with Revisions Through and Including March 2 2015)《垫圈和密封件》.pdf

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1、UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL UL 157 Gaskets and SealsUL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM ULUL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION

2、 OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL UL Standard for Safety for Gaskets and Seals, UL 157 Second Edition, Dated March 8, 1996 Summary of Topics This revision to UL 157 includes the following changes in requirements: Clarication of Prole Test Applicability Deletion of Drinking Water End-Use Ga

3、sket Requirements Deletion of Compressibility, Recovery, and Sealability Test in Section 12 Revision of ASTM References for Ozone Exposure Update and Removal of Dates on References to Outside Standards Text that has been changed in any manner or impacted by ULs electronic publishing system is marked

4、 with a vertical line in the margin. Changes in requirements are marked with a vertical line in the margin and are followed by an effective date note indicating the date of publication or the date on which the changed requirement becomes effective. The new and revised requirements are substantially

5、in accordance with Proposal(s) on this subject dated July 17, 2014. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form by any means, electronic, mechanical photocopying, recording, or otherwise without prior permission of UL.

6、UL provides this Standard as is without warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied, including but not limited to, the implied warranties of merchantability or tness for any purpose. In no event will UL be liable for any special, incidental, consequential, indirect or similar damages, includin

7、g loss of prots, lost savings, loss of data, or any other damages arising out of the use of or the inability to use this Standard, even if UL or an authorized UL representative has been advised of the possibility of such damage. In no event shall ULs liability for any damage ever exceed the price pa

8、id for this Standard, regardless of the form of the claim. Users of the electronic versions of ULs Standards for Safety agree to defend, indemnify, and hold UL harmless from and against any loss, expense, liability, damage, claim, or judgment (including reasonable attorneys fees) resulting from any

9、error or deviation introduced while purchaser is storing an electronic Standard on the purchasers computer system. The requirements in this Standard are now in effect, except for those paragraphs, sections, tables, gures, and/or other elements of the Standard having future effective dates as indicat

10、ed in the note following the affected item. The prior text for requirements that have been revised and that have a future effective date are located after the Standard, and are preceded by a SUPERSEDED REQUIREMENTS notice. The following table lists the future effective dates with the corresponding r

11、eference. MARCH 2, 2015 UL 157 tr1UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL Future Effective Dates References Effective date to be determined Table 4.1, Table 4.2, Paragraphs 5.2.1, 5.2.2, 5.2.3, 5.2.4, 5.2.5, 5.2.6, 5.2.7, Table 5.1,

12、5.4.3, 5.4.7, 6.2.1, 6.4.1, 7.2.1, 7.3.1, 7.4.1, 7.4.2, 8.2.1, 9.2.1, 9.3.1, 9.4.1, Section 12, Paragraphs 13.2.1, 15.2.1, 15.3.1, 15.4.1, 17.2.1, 17.3.2, 18.2.1, 18.3.1, and 18.4.1 MARCH 2, 2015 UL 157 tr2UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMIS

13、SION FROM UL MARCH 8, 1996 (Title Page Reprinted: March 2, 2015) 1 UL 157 Standard for Gaskets and Seals First Edition February, 1991 Second Edition March 8, 1996 Comments or proposals for revisions on any part of the Standard may be submitted to UL at any time. Proposals should be submitted via a P

14、roposal Request in ULs On-Line Collaborative Standards Development System (CSDS) at http:/. COPYRIGHT 2015 UNDERWRITERS LABORATORIES INC.UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL MARCH 2, 2015 GASKETS AND SEALS - UL 157 2 No Text on Th

15、is PageUL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 1 Scope 4A 2 General 4A 2.1 Details .4A 2.2 Units of measurement .4B 2.3 Undated references .4B 3 Glossary 4B PERFORMANCE 4 General 7 5 Tensile Strength and Ultimat

16、e Elongation Test 11 5.1 General 11 5.2 Apparatus 11 5.3 Specimens .12 5.4 Method .13 6 Accelerated Air Oven Aging Test 14 6.1 General 14 6.2 Apparatus 14 6.3 Specimens .15 6.4 Method .15 7 Compression Set Test 15 7.1 General 15 7.2 Apparatus 15 7.3 Specimens .15 7.4 Method .16 8 Tensile Set Test .1

17、7 8.1 General 17 8.2 Apparatus 17 8.3 Specimens .17 8.4 Method .17 9 Hardness Test .18 9.1 General 18 9.2 Apparatus 18 9.3 Specimens .18 9.4 Method .18 10 Low Temperature Test 18 10.1 General .18 10.2 Apparatus 18A 10.3 Specimens .18A 10.4 Method 18A 11 Immersion Test .18A 11.1 General 18A 11.2 Appa

18、ratus 18A 11.3 Specimens .18B 11.4 Method .19 12 Compressibility, Recovery and Sealability 21 13 Adhesion Test 21 13.1 General .21 MARCH 2, 2015 GASKETS AND SEALS - UL 157 2AUL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL 13.2 Apparatus .21

19、13.3 Specimens 22 13.4 Method .22 14 Extinguishing Agent Exposure Test .23 14.1 General .23 14.2 Apparatus .23 14.3 Specimens 23 14.4 Method .23 15 Ozone Exposure Test .23 15.1 General .23 15.2 Apparatus .24 15.3 Specimens 24 15.4 Method .24 16 Detergent/Cleaner Exposure Test .24 16.1 General .24 16

20、.2 Apparatus .24 16.3 Specimens 25 16.4 Method .25 17 Accelerated Oxygen Pressure Aging Test 25 17.1 General .25 17.2 Apparatus .26 17.3 Specimens 26 18 Bursting Strength Test .26 18.1 General .26 18.2 Apparatus .26 18.3 Specimens 27 18.4 Method .27 19 Refrigerant Exposure Test .27 19.1 General .27

21、19.2 Apparatus .27 19.3 Specimens 27 19.4 Method .27 MARKING 20 General 28 MARCH 2, 2015 GASKETS AND SEALS - UL 157 2BUL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL JUNE 30, 1999 GASKETS AND SEALS - UL 157 3 No Text on This PageUL COPYRIGHT

22、ED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL This page intentionally left blank. MARCH 12, 2007 GASKETS AND SEALS - UL 157 4UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL INTRODUCTION 1 Scop

23、e 1.1 These requirements cover test procedures and performance criteria for the evaluation of nonmetallic gasket and seal materials such as elastomers, composite gasket material, exible cellular material, thermoplastics and thermoplastic elastomers for specic end products. 1.2 The general use of the

24、se gasket and seal materials is to exclude or hold within an enclosure materials that are liquid, gas, or vapor. 1.3 The materials covered in this standard are incomplete in certain construction features or restricted in performance capabilities, and are intended for use as components in complete eq

25、uipment. 1.4 This standard covers gaskets and seals as: a) Elastomers, thermoplastics and thermoplastic elastomers in the form of solid sheets, exible cellular sheets, slabs, rolls, or parts, O rings, seats, shaft seals, and special forms. b) Composite gaskets in the form of sheets, rolls and cut fo

26、rms of the types described in 3.2. c) Coated fabrics in the form of elastomers reinforced with fabrics in sheets or diaphragm form. 1.5 The material composition of these gaskets and seals excludes metals. 1.6 The gaskets and seals are evaluated for various properties to provide prole information see

27、 Table 4.1. They are also evaluated for specic end-use applications see Table 4.2. Table 4.3 species the oven aging required for establishing the maximum temperature for an expected use. 1.7 Deleted March 2, 2015 2 General 2.1 Details 2.1.1 The properties and requirements in this standard may be sup

28、erseded by the applicable end-product standard. MARCH 2, 2015 GASKETS AND SEALS - UL 157 4AUL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL 2.2 Units of measurement 2.2.1 If a value for measurement is followed by a value in other units in par

29、entheses, the second value may be only approximate. The rst stated value is the requirement. 2.3 Undated references 2.3.1 Any undated reference to a code or standard appearing in the requirements of this standard shall be interpreted as referring to the latest edition of that code or standard. 3 Glo

30、ssary 3.1 COATED FABRIC An elastomeric material reinforced with fabric and used as a gasket and diaphragm. 3.2 COMPOSITE GASKET MATERIAL A material of one of the following types: Type I Composite cork consisting of granular cork mixed in a binder other than rubber. Type II Plant ber consisting of di

31、fferent saturated grades of paper. Type III Plant ber and cork particles mixed in a binder other than rubber. Type IV Granular cork and rubber compound mixed in a rubber binder. Type V Fibers such as Aramide, glass, and carbon mixed in a rubber or other binder. 3.3 COMPRESSION SET The residual defor

32、mation of a material after removal of the compressive stress, expressed as a percentage of the original deection. 3.4 DIAPHRAGM A membrane that separates or divides and serves as part of an actuating device. 3.5 ELASTOMER Rubber or any various polymers that have properties similar to those of rubber

33、, also referred to as solid elastomer in this standard. 3.6 FLEXIBLE CELLULAR MATERIAL A cellular polymeric material that does not rupture when a 1/4 to 1/2 inch (6.3 to 12.7 mm) thick specimen is bent around a 1 inch (25.4 mm) diameter mandrel at room temperature. A material that contains many cell

34、s, open, closed or both, dispersed throughout. Flexible cellular materials are referred to as cellular in this Standard. 3.7 GASKETS AND SEALS A deformable material clamped or located between two surfaces to prevent the passage of gases, vapors, or liquids consisting of O rings, seats, shaft seals,

35、exible cellular material, sealing materials, facings and special forms. 3.8 OXYGEN ENRICHED For the purposes of this standard, oxygen enriched refers to atmospheres containing an oxygen content greater than 21 percent oxygen. 3.9 PROPERTY PROFILE Results of various tests used to describe the physica

36、l properties of gaskets and seals. 3.10 RUBBER A material that is capable of recovering from large deformation quickly and forcibly. MARCH 2, 2015 GASKETS AND SEALS - UL 157 4BUL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL 3.11 SEALING MATE

37、RIAL A pourable or extrudable substance, capable of some degree of hardening and bonding to substrates and used as a formed-in-place seal of joints or openings to prevent passage of gases, vapors, or liquids. 3.12 TENSILE SET The extension remaining after a test specimen has been stretched and allow

38、ed to retract. Alternatively referred to as recovery or permanent set. MARCH 2, 2015 GASKETS AND SEALS - UL 157 5UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL MARCH 2, 2015 GASKETS AND SEALS - UL 157 6 No Text on This PageUL COPYRIGHTED MA

39、TERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL 3.13 THERMOPLASTIC A material that is capable of being repeatedly softened by heating and hardened by cooling through a temperature range characteristic of the polymer. 3.14 THERMOPLASTIC ELASTOMER MATERIAL A m

40、aterial that has the mechanical properties of elastomers and the processing advantages of conventional thermoplastics. PERFORMANCE 4 General 4.1 Apparatus, test methods, and exposure conditions are specied in Sections41 9 . 4.2 The test properties, requirements, apparatus, test methods and exposure

41、conditions to evaluate gasket and seal materials for general and prole information are given in Table 4.1. The test properties, requirements, apparatus, test methods and exposure conditions to evaluate gasket and seal materials for specic end-use applications and prole information are given in Table

42、 4.2. The oven aging required for establishing the maximum temperature for an expected use is given in Table 4.3. 4.3 Samples are to be of sheet or slab material. When this is not practical, the samples are to be of a molded part of sufficient size to conduct all applicable tests. For the Mullens bu

43、rst test the coated fabric is to be used. Unless otherwise specied in the individual test method, the standard atmospheric conditions surrounding the specimen prior to and during the test is to be 23.0 2.0C (73.4 3.6F) and 50 5 percent relative humidity. MARCH 8, 1996 GASKETS AND SEALS - UL 157 7UL

44、COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL Table 4.1 Tests for property prole information Table 4.1 revised, effective date to be determined Property a Requirements b Apparatus, Test Methods and Exposure Conditions Minimum tensile strength

45、 Section 5 Composite Gaskets c Type I 100 psi (689 kPa) Type II 800 psi (5515 kPa) Type III 200 psi (1379 kPa) Type IV 200 psi Type V 800 psi All other materials d See note e Minimum elongation All materials f See note e Section 5 Minimum tensile strength after air oven Table 4.3 Section 6 All mater

46、ials d 60 percent of original Minimum elongation after air oven Table 4.3 All materials d,f 60 percent of original Maximum compression set f Section 7 Elastomer d See note e Cellular See note e Other materials See note e Maximum tensile set f Section 8 Elastomer d 25 percent Other materials No requi

47、rement Maximum hardness change g, f Section 9 Elastomer d 10 units Thermoplastic 10 units Thermoplastic elastomer 10 units Other materials No requirement Low temperature h All materials f No cracking Section 10 Minimum adhesion i Section 13 As received 1 pound/inch (179 g/cm) of width After conditio

48、ning 50 percent of original Mullens burst test Coated fabrics only See note e Section 18 a Properties required vary with the specic end-product standard. b These requirements may be superseded by requirements in the applicable end-product Standard. c Tensile strength test conducted in transverse and

49、 longitudinal directions. d Including elastomer portion only of coated fabrics. e As given in end-product standard. f Not required for composite gaskets. g Type A durometer; aged in accordance with Table 4.3. h Minus 40 2C (minus 40 3.6F) or 54 2C (minus 65 3.6F). Other temperatures may be requested. i Applicable when adhesive properties are relied upon for securing the gasket in place during its intended use. MARCH 2, 20