UFC 4-152-07-2009 DESIGN SMALL CRAFT BERTHING FACILTIIES.pdf

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1、UFC 4-152-07 14 JULY 2009 UNIFIED FACILITIES CRITERIA (UFC) DESIGN: SMALL CRAFT BERTHING FACILITIES APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE; DISTRIBUTION UNLIMITED Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-UFC 4-152-07 14 JULY 2009 i UNIFIED FACILITIES CRI

2、TERIA (UFC) DESIGN: SMALL CRAFT BERTHING FACILITIES Any copy righted material included in this UFC1is identified at its point of use. Use of the copyrighted material apart from this UFC must have the permission of the copyright holder. U.S. ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS NAVAL FACILITIES ENGINEERING COMMAN

3、D (Preparing Activity) AIR FORCE CIVIL ENGINEER SUPPORT AGENCY Record of Changes (changes are indicated 1./1/) Change No. Date Location 1 This UFC supersedes Military Handbook 1025/5, Chapter 2, Dated 30 September 1998. 2 This UFC supersedes UFC 4-152-07N Design: Small Craft Berthing Facilities, Dat

4、ed 08 June 2005. Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-UFC 4-152-07 14 JULY 2009 ii FOREWORD The Unified Facilities Criteria (UFC) system is prescribed by MIL-STD 3007 and provides planning, design, construction, sustainment, restoration, a

5、nd modernization criteria, and applies to the Military Departments, the Defense Agencies, and the DoD Field Activities in accordance with USD (AT OPNAVINST 4780.6E, 24 Jan 06). Vessels applicable to this document would be craft and boats. Characteristics and additional information for service craft

6、can be obtained from both the Craft these craft are not included in the tables presented herein. 2-1.4 U.S. Marine Corps. The Marine Corps operates a large number of watercraft and amphibious craft used during special operations. The watercraft consists of inflatable combat rubber raiding craft (CRR

7、C) and fiberglass rigid raiding craft (RRC). The CRRCs are used for in-port, river, lake, and coastal operations. The RRCs are normally deployed aboard Navy transport dock ships (i.e., LPDs) for transport to the combat area. The CRRCs and RRCs operate exclusively in coastal waters. 2-2 RECREATIONAL

8、BOATS The two primary types of recreational vessels are power boats and sail boats. Power boats can be further classified by the type of use: sport fishing, racing, waterskiing, cruising, etc. In recent years, recreational boats have been outfitted with more electronics and amenities such as refrige

9、ration, complete living facilities and as a result have increased in length and beam. Slip dimensions in marinas have increased to accommodate these larger vessels. Some military boats are of a similar hull design and may be made by the same manufacturer as recreational power boats. Accordingly, man

10、ufacturers data may be applicable for the design of small craft berthing facilities for military vessels. Other than for Morale/Recreational Facilities provided by the military, recreational marina berthing guidelines should be carefully considered for applicability when designing for military craft

11、. Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-UFC 4-152-07 14 JULY 2009 3 - 1 CHAPTER 3 SMALL CRAFT HARBOR PLANNING CRITERIA 3-1 BASIN SITING CONSIDERATIONS 3-1.1 Siting Considerations. Small craft berthing facilities should be located in a shelt

12、ered harbor. The following key considerations apply for planning the location of the facility: 1. Protection from Winds, Waves and Currents 2. Sufficient Land and Water Area 3. Proximity to Operating Area 4. Adequate Water Depths 5. Limited Exposure to Sedimentation and Shoaling 6. Few Potential Env

13、ironmental Concerns Additional considerations include waterside access to the area where the small craft fulfill their mission, and convenient landside access for boat crews and support personnel. The most desirable sites are those that require the least amount of excavation, dredging, filling, brea

14、kwater construction, disturbance of sensitive habitat and environmental remediation. Since new sites meeting all criteria are rarely found, feasibility studies of alternative sites to compare the pros and cons of each are often required to identify the most attractive site based on an evaluation of

15、combined engineering, environmental and economic considerations. 3-1.1.1 Wave Protection. The wave protection for the small craft facility is a function of land mass that surrounds the harbor basin to provide a barrier to the incoming waves. Figure 3-1 shows various configurations of landmass and cl

16、assifications which make up these types of harbors. The source of waves that must be considered are both wind generated waves and vessel generated waves (or wakes). Wind generated waves can be locally generated short period waves (or chop) and longer period waves that are generated far offshore. Pro

17、tection from waves is more difficult to provide and is a greater concern for small harbors on the coast that are exposed to long fetches than for harbors on inland waterways. When suitable protection is not provided by surrounding land mass, then some means of constructed wave protection must be con

18、sidered. Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-UFC 4-152-07 14 JULY 2009 3 - 2 Figure 3-1 Small Craft Harbor Site Classifications 3-1.1.2 Water Area. The harbor must be of sufficient area to accommodate the berthing facilities, described fu

19、rther in Chapter 5, as well as to provide space for safe maneuvering. There are existing guidelines for the number of boats that can be accommodated per acre of water area for recreational marinas (ASCE Manual 50). Recreational marinas berth relatively large numbers of small craft which leads to lar

20、ge boat/area ratios. In contrast, most military small craft harbors accommodate a much smaller number of craft and the harbor still needs to provide channels and turning areas resulting in smaller boat area ratios than a recreational marina. Figure 3-2 represents a typical layout of a small craft ha

21、rbor at a DOD installation with associated shore support facilities. Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-UFC 4-152-07 14 JULY 2009 3 - 3 Figure 3-2 Example Military Small Craft Harbor and Shore Facility 3-1.1.3 Minimum Depths. In sheltere

22、d harbors, the minimum water depth should extend at least 2 ft (.61 m) for a soft harbor bottom, and 3 ft (.91 m) for a hard bottom below the keel of the deepest draft boat at the design low water level. In tidal waters, the design low water level is typically taken as the Mean Lower Low Water (MLLW

23、) tidal datum. In harbors where wave action causes vessel motion and sedimentation reduces water depths over time, additional under keel clearance should be provided. 3-1.1.4 Location. The facility should be located as close as practical to the area where the small craft are intended to operate, dep

24、ending upon the mission of the craft. For security response or search and rescue missions, time from when the vessel leaves the dock to when it arrives on scene can be critical. For vessels that perform longer term patrols of several days, distance from the facility will be less critical. Where the

25、distance from the facility to the area of operation is great, boats can be trailered from the facility to a boat launching facility close to the area of operation. 3-1.1.5 Dredging. Most small craft harbors require dredging to maintain water depths at the facility. Harbors located on the coast often

26、 have sediment deposited near the entrance (see Figure 3-3) from alongshore sediment transport (or littoral drift); Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-UFC 4-152-07 14 JULY 2009 3 - 4 similarly, harbors on a river often have sediment depo

27、sited near the entrance due to sediment transport processes in the river. In addition, suspended sediment can reach far into the harbor as water exchange occurs due to tidal action or river stage fluctuations, and contribute to sediment accumulation within the basin. The extent of this sedimentation

28、 can be estimated for a site with the aid of hydraulic models, and the sedimentation rate that will be experienced once a harbor is constructed evaluated for various configurations. Maintenance dredging can be a significant recurring cost due to the environmental concerns that often require disposal

29、 of dredged material in distant upland or offshore locations. When considering the minimum required water depth, include over depth to allow for sediment accumulation between maintenance dredging and for a dredging tolerance. Figure 3-3 Maintenance of Entrance to Off-River Basin with Land-Based Equi

30、pment 3-1.2 Recreational Marina Differences. There are a number of design guidelines for recreational marinas such as ASCE Manual 50. However, there are important considerations in the layout of a recreational marina that would not apply directly to the design of a military harbor, some of these con

31、siderations are: 1. Economic Feasibility 2. Number and Dimensions of Vessels 3. Seasonal and Daily Boat Usage Patters 4. Walking Distance to Car Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-UFC 4-152-07 14 JULY 2009 3 - 5 Since most recreational m

32、arinas are financed by the fees that the boat owners pay to berth their boats in the harbor, cost efficiencies must be realized to make the fees that boaters pay competitive in the market with other marinas. Therefore, one of the primary objectives of the marina design is to accommodate the maximum

33、number of vessels within the minimum water area. Boat use by the recreational boater is mostly on an occasional basis that tends to occur at regular times: during daylight hours on weekends and holidays in season. In contrast, military small craft will be utilized by personnel who likely live or reg

34、ularly work at the small craft facility. The military craft will be utilized according to the mission assigned which will likely be at any time and in any weather. Accordingly, layout of the berthing facility must be done to accommodate the unique function of a military facility. 3-2 BERTHING FACILI

35、TY LAYOUT 3-2.1 Berth Location and Orientation. Within the harbor, vessels that are more difficult to maneuver, usually the larger craft, should be berthed closer to the entrance to the facility. The boat slips should be oriented such that the boats are heading into the prevailing wind when entering

36、 the berth (“upwind slip”). When the slip is oriented at 90 degrees to the wind direction (“cross wind slip”), berthing is more difficult. 3-2.2 Launch Ramps. Where trailered craft are used, a launch ramp is a convenient method to launch and retrieve the boat. Further, a launch ramp allows water acc

37、ess at a location for a large number of trailerable boats. If a launch ramp is located at a facility where vessels are also berthed, then the launch ramp should be located with sufficient separation from the berths to avoid vessel traffic conflicts. Adequate area must be provided at the top of the l

38、aunch ramp to allow maneuvering room for the trailer and tow vehicle to align with the ramp. Most guidelines for recreational launch ramp facilities reflect the need to accommodate high volume usage by the public at peak times. As a result, the parking and maneuvering areas for vehicle traffic on th

39、e shore, and courtesy docks for boats waiting to be boarded or to be retrieved from the water, may be scaled back at a military facility. Launch ramp layout and design are discussed in greater detail in Chapter 11. 3-2.3 Marine Fueling. Where marine fueling facilities are provided, the fuel tanks sh

40、ould be located on shore and the delivery piping and dispensing equipment should be located on a dedicated pier or dock close to the harbor entrance. The dispenser should be located to minimize the length of fuel piping supported on the pier or dock. The fuel tanks should be located to facilitate fu

41、el delivery truck access. Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-UFC 4-152-07 14 JULY 2009 3 - 6 3-2.4 Dry Boat Storage, Boat Hoists and Lifts. When necessary to retrieve small craft from the water to address concerns such as reducing saltwa

42、ter corrosion or marine fouling on the craft, or avoiding ice on the water body, or to perform maintenance and repair on the vessels, a boat hoist or lift should be provided. The main types of retrieval mechanisms are: 1. Straddle Carrier 2. Fork Lift 3. Hoist-jib Crane 4. Floating Lift The straddle

43、 carrier is the most versatile for the larger vessels (over about 33 ft. (10 m) in length). It requires a set of fixed piers over the water upon which a rubber tired straddle carrier with slings drives to retrieve the craft from the water. Once the carrier has lifted the craft in the slings, it can

44、drive and move the craft overland within a fairly level area with suitable surface and then place the craft within a cradle or stands for storage or for work to be performed. The fork lift is used primarily for placing and retrieving vessels within a dry storage rack system. It will not accommodate

45、as wide a range of vessels as the straddle carrier and requires greater maneuvering area. Fork lifts with “negative” lift are available to enable launching and retrieving small craft, typically over a bulkhead. A hoist-jib crane is often the simplest and least costly method of launching and retrievi

46、ng small craft. It is a fixed crane located on a pier or adjacent to a bulkhead over which it lifts the craft from the water. The boats may have lift points built into the hull for slings that attach to the crane hook, though under hull slings can be used when lift points are not provided. Once the

47、craft is lifted, the crane boom revolves in a horizontal plane and lowers the boat onto an awaiting trailer on the shore which is usually towed to a storage area. This method can be adapted for larger craft by using a mobile crane with a spreader and slings sized for the vessel. Floating lifts and d

48、rive-on dry docking are becoming more common to store boats out of the water, but in a slip. Both systems employ pontoons that submerge to permit a boat to enter or leave the slip. The pontoons are equipped with a cradle to retain the boat as the pontoon is filled with air, its buoyancy increased, a

49、nd the vessel lifted to its dry storage position. These methods of retrieval are discussed in greater detail in Chapter 10. 3-2.5 Boat Repair and Maintenance. Boat repair and maintenance yards should be located close to the area where craft are retrieved from the water. An enclosed work area or high bay building with an overhead crane is desirable if full se