UFC 3-260-01 CHANGE 2-2008 AIRFIELD AND HELIPORT PLANNING AND DESIGN《机场及直升机机场的规划和设计》.pdf

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1、UFC 3-260-01 17 NOVEMBER 2008 UNIFIED FACILITIES CRITERIA (UFC) AIRFIELD AND HELIPORT PLANNING AND DESIGN APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE; DISTRIBUTION UNLIMITED Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-UFC 3-260-01 17 NOVEMBER 2008 UNIFIED FACILI

2、TIES CRITERIA (UFC) AIRFIELD AND HELIPORT PLANNING AND DESIGN Any copyrighted material included in this UFC is identified at its point of use. Use of the copyrighted material apart from this UFC must have the permission of the copyright holder. U.S. ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS NAVAL FACILITIES ENGINEERI

3、NG COMMAND AIR FORCE CIVIL ENGINEER SUPPORT AGENCY (Preparing Activity) Record of Changes (changes are indicated by 1 . /1/) Change No. Date Location _ This UFC supersedes UFC 3-260-01, dated 1 November 2001. Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from I

4、HS-,-,-UFC 3-260-01 17 NOVEMBER 2008 FOREWORD The Unified Facilities Criteria (UFC) system is prescribed by MIL-STD 3007 and provides planning, design, construction, sustainment, restoration, and modernization criteria, and applies to the Military Departments, the Defense Agencies, and the DoD Field

5、 Activities in accordance with USD(AT the aircraft wheel load design requirements for drainage structures in shoulder areas and the graded area of clear zones; pavement types and surface smoothness criteria near arresting system cables; information on limited use helipads Adds: a requirement to file

6、 FAA Form 7460-2 for project completion; a requirement for USAF activities to develop a construction phasing plan for all projects; new aircraft mission-design series to runway classification by aircraft type; new Air Force aircraft arresting systems; information on siting criteria for fire hydrants

7、 when required adjacent to aprons; an allowance for service roads controlled by ATC within the graded area of clear zone; specific wheel load requirements for the paved portion of runway overruns and shoulder areas; Service-specific AICUZ guidelines; a new Navy and Marine Corps requirement for trans

8、verse slope requirements near aircraft arresting system cables; criteria for runway and taxiway intersection fillets; new tables and figures; information on Navy/Marine Corps exemptions from waivers Revises criteria for: longitudinal grades of runway and shoulders; transverse grade of runway, paved

9、shoulder, unpaved shoulder, and area to be graded; runway lateral clearance zones; mandatory frangibility zone; rate of longitudinal grade change per 30 meters for fixed-wing taxiways; grade of area between taxiway shoulder and taxiway clearance line on fixed-wing taxiways; taxiway intersections; pa

10、ved shoulders on USAF runways with a paved surface wider than the minimum needed for the mission; fixed-wing aprons; warm-up pads; siting warm-up pads, other aprons, hot cargo spots, and taxiways to these facilities; siting access roads and parking areas for access roads; siting compass calibration

11、pads; siting of hazardous cargo pads; hangar access aprons; landing zones; rotary-wing landing lanes; aircraft clearances inside hangars; waiver processing procedures; compatible use zones; jet blast requirements and blast resistant pavement; Air Force tie-downs and static ground; Air Force airfield

12、 support facilities; airfield construction projects; establishing the building restriction line at USAF bases Revises: Navy/Marine Corps aircraft dimensions Reasons for Changes: Response to AFSAS Mishap ID 305221, F-15C, Class A, Landing Mishap, Final Evaluation, 20020903FTFA315A, Recommendations 3

13、however, these benefits should be realized: Increased aircraft safety during runway construction projects Reduced costs for providing paved shoulders on runways wider than 46 meters Reduced costs for grading runway shoulders Improved waiver processing guidelines Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo repro

14、duction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-UFC 3-260-01 17 NOVEMBER 2008 Non-Unification Issues: Due to differences in mission, aircraft, tactics, mishap potential and mishap rates for specific aircraft, not all criteria within this UFC are unified. The primary elements of criteria

15、 that are not unified are clear zone and accident potential zone (APZ) shapes and sizes, separation distances between runways and taxiways, and size and implementation dates for certain protected air space elements. Maintaining these differences allows the Services to avoid costs associated with non

16、-mission-driven changes in airfield configuration and mapping, and acquisition of real property or avigation easements. Planning: The processes vary among the Services due to differing organizational structures and are delineated in separate Service-specific directives. Clear zone and APZ shapes and

17、 sizes: These areas are different for each Service and class of runway because they are based on the types of aircraft that use the runways and Service-specific accident potential. Distances between fixed and rotary wing runways: The distance is greater for Air Force and Navy/Marine Corps runways du

18、e to the frequency of operations by high-performance aircraft. Increased width of landing lanes for Navy/Marine Corps: The width is increased to prevent rotor wash damage to landing lane shoulders and subsequent potential foreign object damage (FOD) from large rotary wing aircraft. Lesser width of C

19、lass A taxiways on Navy/Marine Corps: No new Navy/Marine Corps Class A facilities have been constructed since World War II. The Navy will unify their criteria but must defer until the next UFC update to allow for a thorough evaluation. No Navy/Marine Corps requirement for paved shoulders on Class A

20、taxiways: Same rationale as for the width of Class A taxiways above. Reduced site distance for Air Force taxiways: Enables the Army and Navy/Marine Corps to operate with uncontrolled taxiways. Increased clearance from taxiway centerlines to fixed or mobile obstacles: The Air Force routinely operates

21、 C-5 aircraft on all Air Force airfields. Use of the reduced clearances slows taxi speeds and hinders expedient operations. Reduced distance between taxiway and parallel taxiway centerlines on Army airfields: The Army does not routinely simultaneously operate numerous wide-body aircraft on a single

22、airfield. Different Air Force and Navy/Marine Corps intersection geometry: The differences are in the methods for widening the pavement prior to intersections. Tow way width differences: The Navy/Marine Corps base tow way width on three general aircraft types; the Air Force and Army base tow way wid

23、th on mission aircraft. Clearance from tow way centerline to fixed or mobile obstacles: The Navy/Marine Corps require distance be based on tow way type; the Air Force and Army require clearance be based on mission aircraft. Vertical clearance from tow way pavement surface to fixed or mobile obstacle

24、s: The Navy/Marine Corps require distance be based on tow way type; the Air Force and Army require clearance be based on mission aircraft. Differences in apron spacing for parking aircraft: The Navy/Marine Corps apron spacing requirements are developed for each aircraft in the inventory. Air Force a

25、nd Army requirements are based on aircraft wingspan. Differences in Air Force and Army apron clearance distance: The Army requires a 38-meter (125-foot) clearance distance for all Class B aircraft aprons. This distance is sufficient to accommodate C-5 aircraft. The Air Force formerly used the same c

26、riteria but recently began basing the required distance on the most demanding aircraft that uses the apron. This is because all aprons will not accommodate C-5 aircraft. Differences in apron layout for rotary wing aircraft: Formerly, Air Force and Army rotary wing criteria were slightly different. T

27、he Air Force has adopted Army rotary wing criteria as optional and will standardize these criteria in the next revision of AFH 32-1084, Facility Requirements. Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-UFC 3-260-01 17 NOVEMBER 2008 i CONTENTS CH

28、APTER 1: GENERAL REQUIREMENTS. 1 1-1 PURPOSE OF THIS MANUAL 1 1-2 SCOPE 1 1-2.1 Terminal Instrument Procedures (TERPS). 1 1-2.2 Objects Affecting Navigable Airspace. 1 1-2.3 Navigational Aids (NAVAIDS) and Lighting 2 1-2.4 Vertical/Short Takeoff and Landing (V/STOL) Aircraft (V-22) . 2 1-3 REFERENCE

29、S 2 1-4 APPLICATION OF CRITERIA . 2 1-4.1 Existing Facilities 2 1-4.2 Modification of Existing Facilities 3 1-4.3 New Construction . 3 1-4.4 Metric Application . 3 1-4.5 Military Activities on Civil Owned Airfields 3 1-4.6 USAFE Installations 4 1-5 SERVICE REQUIREMENTS . 4 1-6 THEATER OF OPERATIONS

30、4 1-7 SECURITY CONSIDERATIONS FOR DESIGN 4 1-7.1 Integration of Security Measures 4 1-7.2 Security-Related Requirements 4 1-8 WAIVERS TO CRITERIA. 5 1-9 USAF WORK ORDER COORDINATION AND AUTHORIZATION 5 1-10 NEW RUNWAYS, EXTENDING EXISTING RUNWAYS, AND NOTICE OF CONSTRUCTION . 5 1-11 CONSTRUCTION PHA

31、SING PLAN. 5 1-12 ZONING. 5 1-13 ASSOCIATED DESIGN MANUALS. 5 1-14 USE OF TERMS 7 CHAPTER 2: AVIATION FACILITIES PLANNING. 8 2-1 APPLICABILITY. 8 2-1.1 Manual Usage 8 2-1.2 Terms . 8 2-1.3 Planning Process 8 2-1.4 Planning Elements 8 2-1.5 Guidance 10 2-1.6 Additional Planning Factors 10 2-1.7 Space

32、 Allowances 10 2-2 JUSTIFICATION 10 2-2.1 Aviation Facilties Planning 10 2-2.2 Number of Aircraft 10 2-2.3 Joint Use Facilities 10 Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-UFC 3-260-01 17 NOVEMBER 2008 ii 2-3 GENERAL PLANNING CONSIDERATIONS .

33、10 2-3.1 Goals and Objectives . 10 2-3.2 Functional Proponent . 11 2-3.3 Requirements . 11 2-3.4 Safety . 11 2-3.5 Design Aircraft 12 2-3.6 Airspace and Land Area. 12 2-4 PLANNING STUDIES 13 2-4.1 Master Plan 13 2-4.2 Land Use Studies . 13 2-4.3 Environmental Studies 13 2-4.4 Aircraft Noise Studies.

34、 14 2-4.5 Instrumented Runway Studies 15 2-5 SITING AVIATION FACILITIES . 15 2-5.1 Location 16 2-5.2 Site Selection . 16 2-5.3 Airspace Approval 16 2-5.4 Airfield Safety Clearances 17 2-6 AIRSIDE AND LANDSIDE FACILITIES. 17 2-7 LANDING AND TAKEOFF AREA 17 2-7.1 Runways and Helipads. 17 2-7.2 Number

35、of Runways. 17 2-7.3 Number of Helipads 18 2-7.4 Runway Location 18 2-7.5 Runway and Helipad Separation 19 2-7.6 Runway Instrumentation. 19 2-8 AIRCRAFT GROUND MOVEMENT AND PARKING AREAS 19 2-8.1 Taxiways 19 2-8.2 Aircraft Parking Aprons. 20 2-9 AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE AREA (OTHER THAN PAVEMENTS) 21 2-

36、9.1 Aircraft Maintenance Facilities 21 2-9.2 Aviation Maintenance Buildings (Air Force and Navy) 21 2-9.3 Aviation Maintenance Buildings (Army) 21 2-9.4 Maintenance Aprons. 22 2-9.5 Apron Lighting 22 2-9.6 Security 22 2-10 AVIATION OPERATIONS SUPPORT AREA. 22 2-10.1 Aviation Operations Support Facil

37、ities 22 2-10.2 Location 22 2-10.3 Orientation of Facilities. 22 2-10.4 Multiple Supporting Facilities 23 2-10.5 Transient Facilities 23 2-10.6 Other Support Facilities 23 2-10.7 Aircraft Fuel Storage and Dispensing. 24 2-10.8 Roadways to Support Airfield Activities 24 2-10.9 Navy/Marine Corps Exemp

38、tions from Waivers . 25 Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-UFC 3-260-01 17 NOVEMBER 2008 iii CHAPTER 3: RUNWAYS (FIXED-WING) AND IMAGINARY SURFACES 26 3-1 CONTENTS . 26 3-2 REQUIREMENTS 26 3-3 RUNWAY CLASSIFICATION 26 3-3.1 Class A Runwa

39、ys . 26 3-3.2 Class B Runways . 26 3-3.3 Rotary-Wing and V/STOL Aircraft 26 3-3.4 Landing Zones 27 3-4 RUNWAY SYSTEMS. 27 3-4.1 Single Runway . 27 3-4.2 Parallel Runways 27 3-4.3 Crosswind Runways. 28 3-5 RUNWAY ORIENTATION/WIND DATA 34 3-6 ADDITIONAL CONSIDERATIONS FOR RUNWAY ORIENTATION . 34 3-6.1

40、 Obstructions . 34 3-6.2 Restricted Airspace 34 3-6.3 Built-Up Areas 34 3-6.4 Neighboring Airports. 34 3-6.5 Topography 34 3-6.6 Soil Conditions . 34 3-6.7 Noise Analysis 34 3-7 RUNWAY DESIGNATION . 34 3-8 RUNWAY DIMENSIONS . 35 3-8.1 Runway Dimension Criteria, Except Runway Length . 35 3-8.2 Runway

41、 Length Criteria 35 3-8.3 Layout. 35 3-9 SHOULDERS 57 3-9.1 Paved Shoulder Areas 58 3-9.2 Unpaved Shoulder Areas . 58 3-10 RUNWAY OVERRUNS 58 3-10.1 The Paved Portion of the Overrun 59 3-10.2 The Unpaved Portion of the Overrun 60 3-11 RUNWAY CLEAR ZONES. 60 3-11.1 Treatment of Clear Zones. 60 3-11.2

42、 Clear Zone Mandatory Frangibility Zone (MFZ) 60 3-11.3 US Navy Clear Zones. 63 3-12 ACCIDENT POTENTIAL ZONES (APZ) 63 3-13 AIRSPACE IMAGINARY SURFACES . 64 3-13.1 Types of Airspace Imaginary Surfaces. 64 3-13.2 Imaginary Surfaces 64 3-14 AIRSPACE FOR AIRFIELDS WITH TWO OR MORE RUNWAYS 71 3-15 OBSTR

43、UCTIONS TO AIR NAVIGATION 71 3-15.1 Aircraft Movement Area 71 3-15.2 Determining Obstructions. 71 3-15.3 Trees 72 3-16 AIRCRAFT ARRESTING SYSTEMS. 72 3-16.1 Navy and Marine Corps Requirements. 73 Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-UFC 3-

44、260-01 17 NOVEMBER 2008 iv 3-16.2 Installation Design and Repair Considerations. 73 3-16.3 Joint-Use Airfields. 74 3-16.4 Military Rights Agreements for Non-CONUS Locations 75 CHAPTER 4: ROTARY-WING RUNWAYS, HELIPADS, LANDING LANES, AND HOVERPOINTS. 76 4-1 CONTENTS . 76 4-2 LANDING AND TAKEOFF LAYOU

45、T REQUIREMENTS 76 4-3 ROTARY-WING RUNWAY 76 4-3.1 Orientation and Designation . 76 4-3.2 Dimensions. 76 4-3.3 Layout. 76 4-4 HELIPADS . 83 4-4.1 Standard VFR Helipad 83 4-4.2 Limited Use Helipad . 83 4-4.3 IFR Helipad 83 4-4.4 Helipad Location. 83 4-4.5 Dimensional Criteria . 83 4-4.6 Layout Criteri

46、a 85 4-5 SAME DIRECTION INGRESS/EGRESS. 85 4-5.1 Dimensions Criteria 85 4-5.2 Layout Criteria 86 4-6 HOVERPOINTS. 86 4-6.1 General. 86 4-6.2 Hoverpoint Location 86 4-6.3 Dimensions. 86 4-6.4 Layout. 86 4-7 ROTARY-WING LANDING LANES . 86 4-7.1 Requirements for a Landing Lane 86 4-7.2 Landing Lane Loc

47、ation . 86 4-7.3 Touchdown Points 86 4-7.4 Dimensions. 86 4-7.5 Layout. 86 4-8 AIR FORCE HELICOPTER SLIDE AREAS (OR 96 4-9 SHOULDERS FOR ROTARY-WING FACILITIES . 97 4-10 OVERRUNS FOR ROTARY-WING RUNWAYS AND LANDING LANES. 98 4-11 CLEAR ZONE AND ACCIDENT POTENTIAL ZONE (APZ) 98 4-11.1 Clear Zone Land

48、 Use . 98 4-11.2 Accident Potential Zone (APZ) . 99 4-11.3 Dimensions. 99 4-12 IMAGINARY SURFACES FOR ROTARY-WING RUNWAYS, HELIPADS, LANDING LANES, AND HOVERPOINTS 99 4-13 OBSTRUCTIONS AND AIRFIELD AIRSPACE CRITERIA 107 Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without lic

49、ense from IHS-,-,-UFC 3-260-01 17 NOVEMBER 2008 v CHAPTER 5: TAXIWAYS. 108 5-1 CONTENTS . 108 5-2 TAXIWAY REQUIREMENTS. 108 5-2 TAXIWAY SYSTEMS. 108 5-3.1 Basic. 108 5-3.2 Parallel Taxiway . 108 5-3.3 High-Speed Taxiway Turnoff 108 5-3.4 Additional Types of Taxiways . 108 5-3.5 Taxilanes 108 5-3.6 USAF Ta