SMPTE ST 274M-2008 Television - 1920 x 1080 Image Sample Structure Digital Representation and Digital Timing Reference Sequences for Multiple Picture Rates.pdf

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1、 Table of Contents Foreword 2 1 Scope. 3 2 Conformance Notation. 3 3 Normative References. 3 4 General 4 5 Image Structure . 5 6 System Colorimetry . 5 7 Raster Structure. 6 8 Digital Picture Representation.10 9 Digital Timing Reference Sequences (SAV, EAV) 12 10 Analog Sync.16 11 Analog Interface.1

2、7 Annex A Progressive Segmented Frame Interface19 Annex B Anciliary Data.20 Annex C Bit-Parallel Interface 21 Annex D Pre- and Post-Filtering Characteristics29 Annex E Production Aperture.32 Annex F Bibliography34 Revision Notes.35 Page 1 of 35 pages SMPTE 274M-2008Revision of SMPTE 274M-2005 Copyri

3、ght 2008 by THE SOCIETY OF MOTION PICTURE AND TELEVISION ENGINEERS 595 W. Hartsdale Ave., White Plains, NY 10607 (914) 761-1100 SMPTE STANDARD for Television 1920 x 1080 Image Sample Structure, Digital Representation and Digital Timing Reference Sequences for Multiple Picture Rates Approved January

4、29, 2008 SMPTE 274M-2008 Page 2 of 35 pages Foreword SMPTE (the Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers) is an internationally recognized standard developing organization. Headquartered and incorporated in the United States of America, SMPTE has members in over 80 countries on six contine

5、nts. SMPTEs Engineering Documents, including Standards, Recommended Practices and Engineering Guidelines, are prepared by SMPTEs Technology Committees. Participation in these Committees is open to all with a bona fide interest in their work. SMPTE cooperates closely with other standards-developing o

6、rganizations, including ISO, IEC and ITU. SMPTE Engineering Documents are drafted in accordance with the rules given in Part XIII of its Administrative Practices. SMPTE Standard 274M was prepared by Technology Committee N26. SMPTE 274M-2008 Page 3 of 35 pages 1 Scope 1.1 This standard defines a fami

7、ly of image sample structures for the representation of stationary or moving two-dimensional images sampled temporally at a constant frame rate and having an image format (sample structure) of 1920 x 1080 and an aspect ratio of 16:9 as given in Table 1. This standard specifies: RGB color encoding; R

8、GB analog and digital representation; YPBPRcolor encoding, analog representation and analog interface; and YCBCRcolor encoding and digital representation An auxiliary component A may optionally accompany RGB and YCBCR; these interfaces are denoted RGBA and YCBCRA. The “A” component if present shall

9、have the same characteristics as the Y or G channel. 1.2 This standard specifies multiple frame and field rate formats (Table 1) and eight-bit, ten-bit and twelve-bit systems. It is not necessary for an implementation to support all formats to be compliant with this standard. However, an implementat

10、ion must state which of the formats are supported. Interfaces for twelve-bit systems require more than a single link. NOTE For international program interchange, constrained parameters as defined in ITU-R BT 709 shall be used. 1.3 Annex A of this standard defines the segmented frame interface for pr

11、ogressive signals using the 1920x1080 sampling structure. Table 1 Image sample structure and frame rates System No. System nomenclature Luminance or RGB samples per active line (S/AL)Active lines per frame (AL/F) Frame rate (Hz) Interface sampling frequency fs (MHz) Luminance sample periods per tota

12、l line (S/TL) Total lines per frame 1 1920 x 1080/60/P 1920 1080 60 148.5 2200 1125 2 1920 x 1080/59.94/P 1920 1080 60 1.001 148.5 1.001 2200 1125 3 1920 x 1080/50/P 1920 1080 50 148.5 2640 1125 4 1920 x 1080/60/I 1920 1080 30 74.25 2200 1125 5 1920 x 1080/59.94/I 1920 1080 30 1.001 74.25 1.001 2200

13、 1125 6 1920 x 1080/50/I 1920 1080 25 74.25 2640 1125 7 1920 x 1080/30/P 1920 1080 30 74.25 2200 1125 8 1920 x 1080/29.97/P 1920 1080 30 1.001 74.25 1.001 2200 1125 9 1920 x 1080/25/P 1920 1080 25 74.25 2640 1125 10 1920 x 1080/24/P 1920 1080 24 74.25 2750 1125 11 1920 x 1080/23.98/P 1920 1080 24 1.

14、001 74.25 1.001 2750 1125 NOTE Throughout this standard, references to signals represented by a single letter, e.g., R, G and B, are equivalent to the nomenclature in earlier documents of the form ER, EG, and EB, which, in turn, refer to signals to which the transfer characteristics given in Section

15、 6 have been applied. Such signals are commonly described as being gamma corrected. SMPTE 274M-2008 Page 4 of 35 pages 2 Conformance Notation Normative text is text that describes elements of the design that are indispensable or contains the conformance language keywords: “shall“, “should“, or “may“

16、. Informative text is text that is potentially helpful to the user, but not indispensable, and can be removed, changed, or added editorially without affecting interoperability. Informative text does not contain any conformance keywords. All text in this document is, by default, normative, except: th

17、e Introduction, any section explicitly labeled as “Informative“ or individual paragraphs that start with “Note:” The keywords “shall“ and “shall not“ indicate requirements strictly to be followed in order to conform to the document and from which no deviation is permitted. The keywords, “should“ and

18、 “should not“ indicate that, among several possibilities, one is recommended as particularly suitable, without mentioning or excluding others; or that a certain course of action is preferred but not necessarily required; or that (in the negative form) a certain possibility or course of action is dep

19、recated but not prohibited. The keywords “may“ and “need not“ indicate courses of action permissible within the limits of the document. The keyword “reserved” indicates a provision that is not defined at this time, shall not be used, and may be defined in the future. The keyword “forbidden” indicate

20、s “reserved” and in addition indicates that the provision will never be defined in the future. A conformant implementation according to this document is one that includes all mandatory provisions (“shall“) and, if implemented, all recommended provisions (“should“) as described. A conformant implemen

21、tation need not implement optional provisions (“may“) and need not implement them as described. 3 Normative References The following standards contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this standard. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were val

22、id. All standards are subject to revision, and parties to agreements based on this standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent edition of the standards listed below. CIE Publication 15:2004, Colorimetry, Third Edition IEC 61169-8 (2007-02)1, Radio Frequency Con

23、nectors, Part 8: Sectional Specification R.F. Coaxial Connectors with Inner Diameter of Outer Conductor 6,5 mm (0,256 in) with Bayonet Lock Characteristics Impedance 50 Ohm (Type BNC), Annex A (Normative) Information for Interface Dimensions of 75 Ohm Characteristic Impedance Connector with Unspecif

24、ied Reflection Factor SMPTE 291M-2006, Television Ancillary Data Packet and Space Formatting SMPTE RP 160-1997, Three-Channel Parallel Analog Component High-Definition Video Interface 1Please note that the title of this normative reference may be misleading. This standard requires the use of the 75-

25、ohm connector defined in this reference. SMPTE 274M-2008 Page 5 of 35 pages 4 General 4.1 The specification of a system claiming compliance with this standard shall state: which of the systems of Table 1 are implemented; which of the signal interfaces are implemented (RGB, YPBPR, YCBCR, RGBA or YCBC

26、RA); and whether the digital representation employs uniformly quantized (linear), PCM, 8 bits, 10 bits or 12 bits. 4.2 A 10-bit or 12-bit codeword, when converted to a smaller number of sampling bits, should either be rounded or truncated. An eight-bit or ten-bit codeword, when converted to a larger

27、 number of sampling bits, should have either two or four padding bits added. 5 Image Structure 5.1 The 1920x1080 image structure defined in this standard shall be mapped onto an interface that contains 1125 total lines as shown in Figures 1 and 2. The Interface sampling frequency shall be maintained

28、 to a tolerance of 10 ppm. 5.2 A frame shall comprise the indicated total number of lines; each line at the interface shall be of equal duration determined by the interface sampling frequency and the luminance samples per total line (S/TL). Raster pixel representation at the interface shall be prese

29、nted from left to right, and in the raster shall be presented from top to bottom. Lines are numbered in time sequence according to the raster structure described in Section 7 and shown in Figures 1 and 2. 5.3 Timing instants in each line shall be defined with respect to a horizontal datum denoted by

30、 0H which is established by horizontal synchronizing (sync) information in Sections 9 and 10. Each line shall be represented by a number of samples, equally spaced, as indicated by the column S/TL in Table 1. The time between any two adjacent sample instants is called the reference clock interval T.

31、 5.4 A progressive system shall convey 1080 active picture lines per frame in order from top to bottom. 5.5 An interlaced system shall capture the image, as a first field then as a second field, in which the lines of each field have twice the vertical spatial sampling pitch of the frame. Lines in th

32、e second field shall be displaced vertically by the vertical sampling pitch and the line timing shall be delayed temporally by half the frame time from the lines in the first field. The first field shall convey 540 active lines, starting with the top picture line of the frame. The second field shall

33、 convey 540 active picture lines, ending with the bottom picture line of the frame. 6 System Colorimetry 6.1 Equipment should be designed in accordance with the colorimetric analysis and opto-electronic transfer function defined in this section. This corresponds to ITU-R BT.709. Designers and users

34、should be aware that some legacy material in this format was originally created using the SMPTE 240M standard, which has different colorimetry. However, the differences between the two are so small that they can be ignored, except for precision test materials. 6.2 Picture information shall be linear

35、ly represented by red, green and blue tristimulus values (RGB), lying in the range 0 (reference black) to 1 (reference white), whose colorimetric attributes are based upon reference primaries with the following chromaticity coordinates, in conformance with ITU-R BT.709, and whose reference white con

36、forms to CIE D65 as defined by CIE 15: SMPTE 274M-2008 Page 6 of 35 pages CIE x CIE y Red primary 0.640 0.330 Green primary 0.300 0.600 Blue primary 0.150 0.060 Reference white 0.3127 0.3290 6.3 From the red, green and blue tristimulus values, three nonlinear primary components R, G and B shall be c

37、omputed according to the optoelectronic transfer function of ITU-R BT.709, where L denotes a tristimulus value and V denotes a nonlinear primary signal: V = 4.5L, 0 L 0.0181.099L 0.099, 0.018 L 10.456.4 To ensure the proper interchange of picture information between analog and digital representation

38、s, signal levels shall be completely contained in the range specified between reference black and reference white specified in Sections 8.7 and 11.5, except for overshoots and undershoots due to processing. 6.5 The Y component shall be computed as a weighted sum of nonlinear RGB primary components,

39、using coefficients calculated from the reference primaries according to the method given in SMPTE RP 177: Y= 0.2126 R + 0.7152 G + 0.0722 B NOTE Because the Y component is computed from nonlinear RGB primary components, rather than from the linear tristimulus RGB values, it does not represent the tr

40、ue luminance value of the signal, but only an approximation. For more information, see Poynton, Charles, A Technical Introduction to Digital Video (Annex F). 6.6 Color-difference component signals PBand PR having the same excursion as the Y component shall be computed as follows: PB= ()0.51 0.0722BY

41、 PR= ()0.51 0.2126RY PBand PRare filtered and may be coded as CBand CRcomponents for digital transmission. Example filter templates are given in Figure D.2. 7 Raster Structure NOTE ON INTERLACED VERSIONS All of the image structure systems defined in this document require at the interface a total of

42、1125 lines per picture. In an analog-only system, this would normally imply that the interlaced versions would divide this total into two equal-length fields of 562 lines each. However, because a digital interface must also be supported, only whole numbers of lines in each field are allowed, in orde

43、r to permit unambiguous identification of lines by the digital timing reference sequences (see Section 9). Therefore the interlaced versions define integer, and hence unequal, numbers of lines (563 and 562) in each of the two fields comprising one frame. Analog vertical sync sequences, however, must

44、 remain equally spaced in time and are therefore not fully aligned to the fields as defined for the digital interface. This results in the analog vertical sync for the second digital field beginning one half-line before the end of the first digital field. 7.1 For details of vertical timing, see Figu

45、res 1 and 2. SMPTE 274M-2008 Page 7 of 35 pages 7.2 In a progressive system, the assignment of lines within a frame shall be: Vertical blanking: lines 1 though 41 inclusive (including vertical sync, lines 1 through 5 inclusive) and lines 1122 through 1125; and Picture: 1080 lines, 42 through 1121 in

46、clusive. 7.3 In an interlaced system, the first field shall comprise 563 lines including: Vertical blanking: lines 1 though 20 inclusive and lines 561 through 563; and Picture: 540 lines, 21 through 560 inclusive. The second field shall comprise 562 lines, including: Vertical blanking: lines 564 thr

47、ough 583 inclusive and lines 1124 and 1125; and Picture: 540 lines, 584 through 1123 inclusive. Interlaced analog vertical sync shall be located on lines 1 through 5 for the first field and from halfway through line 563 to halfway through line 568 for the second field. 7.4 During time intervals not

48、otherwise used, the R, G, B or Y, PB, CB, PRand CRcomponents shall have a blanking level corresponding to zero. 7.5 The production aperture defines a region 1920 samples by 1080 lines. The horizontal extent of the production aperture shall have the 50% point of its leading transition at reference lu

49、minance sample 0 and the 50% point of its trailing transition at luminance sample 1919. The production aperture defines the maximum extent of picture information. For further information, consult informative Annex E. 7.6 The clean aperture of the picture defines a region 1888 samples in width by 1062 lines high, symmetrically located in the production aperture. The clean aperture shall be substantially free from transient effect