SANS 62369-1-2009 Evaluation of human exposure to electromagnetic fields from short range devices (SRDs) in various applications over the frequency range 0 GHz to 300 GHz - Part 1 c a.pdf

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1、 Collection of SANS standards in electronic format (PDF) 1. Copyright This standard is available to staff members of companies that have subscribed to the complete collection of SANS standards in accordance with a formal copyright agreement. This document may reside on a CENTRAL FILE SERVER or INTRA

2、NET SYSTEM only. Unless specific permission has been granted, this document MAY NOT be sent or given to staff members from other companies or organizations. Doing so would constitute a VIOLATION of SABS copyright rules. 2. Indemnity The South African Bureau of Standards accepts no liability for any

3、damage whatsoever than may result from the use of this material or the information contain therein, irrespective of the cause and quantum thereof. ISBN 978-0-626-23432-4 SANS 62369-1:2009Edition 1IEC 62369-1:2008Edition 1SOUTH AFRICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Evaluation of human exposure to electromagnetic

4、 fields from short range devices (SRDs) in various applications over the frequency range 0 GHz to 300 GHz Part 1: Fields produced by devices used for electronic article surveillance, radio frequency identification and similar systems This national standard is the identical implementation of IEC 6236

5、9-1:2008 and is adopted with the permission of the International Electrotechnical Commission. Published by SABS Standards Division 1 Dr Lategan Road Groenkloof Private Bag X191 Pretoria 0001Tel: +27 12 428 7911 Fax: +27 12 344 1568 www.sabs.co.za SABS SANS 62369-1:2009 Edition 1 IEC 62369-1:2008 Edi

6、tion 1 Table of changes Change No. Date Scope National foreword This South African standard was approved by National Committee SABS TC 73, Electromagnetic compatibility, in accordance with procedures of the SABS Standards Division, in compliance with annex 3 of the WTO/TBT agreement. This SANS docum

7、ent was published in xxxxx 2009. IEC 62369-1Edition 1.0 2008-08INTERNATIONAL STANDARD NORME INTERNATIONALEEvaluation of human exposure to electromagnetic fields from short range devices (SRDs) in various applications over the frequency range 0 GHz to 300 GHz Part 1: Fields produced by devices used f

8、or electronic article surveillance, radio frequency identification and similar systems Evaluation de lexposition humaine aux champs lectromagntiques produits par les dispositifs radio courte porte dans la plage de frquence 0 GHz 300 GHz Partie 1: Champs produits par les dispositifs utiliss pour la s

9、urveillance lectronique des objets, lidentification par radiofrquence et les systmes similaires INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION COMMISSION ELECTROTECHNIQUE INTERNATIONALE XBICS 33.050 PRICE CODECODE PRIXISBN 2-8318-9969-9 Registered trademark of the International Electrotechnical Commissio

10、n Marque dpose de la Commission Electrotechnique Internationale SANS 62369-1:2009This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS . 2 62369-1 IEC:2008 CONTENTS FOREWORD.5INTRODUCTION.71 Scope.82 Normative references .93 Terms, definitions, and

11、abbreviations .93.1 Quantities93.2 Constants93.3 Terms and definitions 104 Measurements and calculations for equipment evaluation 154.1 Introduction .154.2 Evaluation against reference values 164.2.1 General .164.2.2 Direct measurement for comparison against reference values .164.2.3 Spatial measure

12、ments for comparison against reference values 174.2.4 Modelling and analysis including field non-uniformity.174.3 Specific absorption rate (SAR) measurements.244.3.1 General .244.3.2 Internal electric field strength measurements.244.3.3 Internal temperature measurements 254.3.4 Calorimetric measurem

13、ents of heat transfer 264.3.5 Phantom models and fluid .264.4 Numerical evaluations for comparison against basic restrictions264.4.1 General .264.4.2 Evaluations using homogeneous models .264.4.3 Special case of inductive near-field exposure 100 kHz to 50 MHz284.4.4 Frequencies 50 MHz.294.4.5 Locali

14、sed SAR (100 kHz to 10 GHz) 294.5 Evaluations using non-homogeneous models for comparison against basic restrictions 304.5.1 General .304.5.2 Anatomical body models304.5.3 Calculation/modelling method314.5.4 Position of the body in relation to the unit under evaluation .314.6 Measurement of limb and

15、 touch currents .315 Measurements for field monitoring325.1 General .325.2 Field measurements 325.2.1 Measurement where persons spend significant periods of time325.2.2 Detailed measurements for non-transitory exposure 325.3 Additional evaluation .326 Exposure from sources with multiple frequencies

16、or complex waveforms337 Exposure from multiple sources338 Uncertainty.348.1 General .348.2 Evaluating uncertainties 348.2.1 Individual uncertainties34SANS 62369-1:2009This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .62369-1 IEC:2008 3 8.2.2 Co

17、mbining uncertainties 358.3 Examples of typical uncertainty components .358.3.1 Measurement.358.3.2 Numerical calculation 358.4 Overall uncertainties .359 Evaluation report 35Annex A (informative) Characteristics of equipment .37Annex B (informative) Information for numerical modelling.47Annex C (in

18、formative) A simplified method for summation of multiple sources .67Annex D (informative) Uncertainty .70Bibliography71Figure 1 General torso grid 19Figure 2 General head grid 19Figure 3 Single floor standing antenna.20Figure 4 Dual floor standing antenna .20Figure 5 Single floor antenna .21Figure 6

19、 Single ceiling antenna21Figure 7 Combined floor and ceiling antennas22Figure 8 “Walk-through” loop antenna22Figure 9 Counter or desk mounted antenna .23Figure 10 Vertical, wall or frame mounted antenna.23Figure 11 Hand-held antenna.24Figure 12 Disk model .28Figure 13 Cubic model.28Figure 14 Spheroi

20、d model28Figure A.1 Example of exit mounted equipment showing detection range.40Figure A.2 Example of aisle mounted equipment40Figure A.3 Inductive coupling.42Figure A.4 Electromagnetic coupling42Figure A.5 Capacitive coupling.42Figure A.6 Overview of an RFID system.44Figure B.1 Current induced in a

21、 loop47Figure B.2 Disk model51Figure B.3 Disk model used for validations 51Figure B.4 Cubic model52Figure B.5 Cubic model example showing current induced in 3 dimensions.53Figure B.6 Prolate spheroid .54Figure B.7 Helmholtz coils and prolate spheroid.55Figure B.8 60 cm by 30 cm prolate spheroid resu

22、lts (magnetic field) 56Figure B.9 60 cm by 30 cm prolate spheroid results (induced current density) .56Figure B.10 120 cm by 60 cm prolate spheroid results (magnetic field) 57Figure B.11 120 cm by 60 cm prolate spheroid results (induced current density)57Figure B.12 160 cm by 80 cm prolate spheroid

23、results (magnetic field) 58SANS 62369-1:2009This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS . 4 62369-1 IEC:2008 Figure B.13 160 cm by 80 cm prolate spheroid results (induced current density)58Figure B.14 Homogeneous human shape body model60Fi

24、gure B.15 Homogeneous human shape (induced current) .60Figure B.16 Homogeneous hand model61Figure B.17 Approximate conductivities for LF homogeneous body modelling .66Table 1 Dimensions and distances for Figures 1 to 11 .18Table 2 Dimensions and distances for simplified body shapes .27Table 3 Maximu

25、m total evaluation uncertainties .35Table A.1 Frequency ranges and typical system characteristics .43Table A.2 Example frequency bands and their applications43Table B.1 Disk model dimensions for Figure B.2 51Table B.2 Cubic disk model dimensions for Figure B.4.52Table B.3 Prolate spheroid dimensions

26、 for Figure B.654Table B.4 Summary of results 59Table B.5 Examples of anatomical models .62Table B.6 Conductivity of tissue types64Table B.7 Relative permittivity of tissue types 65SANS 62369-1:2009This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SA

27、BS .62369-1 IEC:2008 5 INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION _ EVALUATION OF HUMAN EXPOSURE TO ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS FROM SHORT RANGE DEVICES (SRDS) IN VARIOUS APPLICATIONS OVER THE FREQUENCY RANGE 0 GHz to 300 GHz Part 1: Fields produced by devices used for electronic article surveillance, rad

28、io frequency identification and similar systems FOREWORD 1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote international co-operation on

29、 all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications, Technical Reports, Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC Pu

30、blication(s)”). Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested in the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-governmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation.

31、 IEC collaborates closely with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by agreement between the two organizations. 2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international consensus of

32、 opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all interested IEC National Committees. 3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made

33、 to ensure that the technical content of IEC Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any misinterpretation by any end user. 4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications transpar

34、ently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence between any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in the latter. 5) IEC provides no marking procedure to indicate its approval and cannot be re

35、ndered responsible for any equipment declared to be in conformity with an IEC Publication. 6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication. 7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and members of

36、 its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any

37、other IEC Publications. 8) Attention is drawn to the normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is indispensable for the correct application of this publication. 9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be

38、the subject of patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. International Standard IEC 62369-1 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 106: Methods for the assessment of electric, magnetic and electromagnetic fields associated with human exposu

39、re. The text of this standard is based on the following documents: FDIS Report on voting 106/156/FDIS 106/159/RVD Full information on the voting for the approval of this standard can be found in the report on voting indicated in the above table. SANS 62369-1:2009This s tandard may only be used and p

40、rinted by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS . 6 62369-1 IEC:2008 This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The list of all parts of IEC 62369 series, published under the title Evaluation of human exposure to electromagnetic fields fr

41、om short range devices (SRDs) in various applications over the frequency range 0 GHz to 300 GHz, can be found on the IEC website. The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until the maintenance result date indicated on the IEC web site under “http:/webstor

42、e.iec.ch“ in the data related to the specific publication. At this date, the publication will be reconfirmed; withdrawn; replaced by a revised edition, or amended. SANS 62369-1:2009This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .62369-1 IEC:2

43、008 7 INTRODUCTION Electromagnetic fields interact with the human body and other biological systems through a number of physical mechanisms. The main mechanisms of interaction are based on nervous system effects and heating. These effects are dependent on frequency and are defined by biologically re

44、levant quantities. Based on these scientifically established health effects, there are international, regional and sometimes national exposure requirements. These are set as basic restrictions on quantities, which are not necessarily directly measurable, and contain high safety factors to ensure a h

45、igh level of protection. These quantities may be determined either by calculation for each case, or by measuring a reference value that has a pre-derived relationship to them, usually under worst-case, far-field conditions. Respect of the reference value will ensure respect of the relevant basic res

46、triction, except in some specific near field situations which would normally be identified or highlighted within the applicable exposure guidelines. If the measured quantity exceeds the reference value, it does not necessarily follow that the basic restriction is also exceeded. Under those circumsta

47、nces, more detailed evaluation techniques will be necessary which are specific to that type of equipment and exposure. This document is part of a multi-part standard covering the evaluation of human exposure to electromagnetic fields from short range devices (SRDs) in various applications over the f

48、requency range from 0 GHz to 300 GHz. SANS 62369-1:2009This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS . 8 62369-1 IEC:2008 EVALUATION OF HUMAN EXPOSURE TO ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS FROM SHORT RANGE DEVICES (SRDS) IN VARIOUS APPLICATIONS OVER THE

49、 FREQUENCY RANGE 0 GHz to 300 GHz Part 1: Fields produced by devices used for electronic article surveillance, radio frequency identification and similar systems 1 Scope This part of IEC 62369 presents procedures for the evaluation of human exposure to electromagnetic fields (EMFs) from devices used in electronic article surveillance (EAS), radio frequency identification (RFID) and similar applications. It adopts