SANS 2859-10-2008 Sampling procedures for inspection by attributes Part 10 Introduction to the ISO 2859 series of standards for sampling for inspection by attributes《按属性检查抽样程序 第10部.pdf

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1、 Collection of SANS standards in electronic format (PDF) 1. Copyright This standard is available to staff members of companies that have subscribed to the complete collection of SANS standards in accordance with a formal copyright agreement. This document may reside on a CENTRAL FILE SERVER or INTRA

2、NET SYSTEM only. Unless specific permission has been granted, this document MAY NOT be sent or given to staff members from other companies or organizations. Doing so would constitute a VIOLATION of SABS copyright rules. 2. Indemnity The South African Bureau of Standards accepts no liability for any

3、damage whatsoever than may result from the use of this material or the information contain therein, irrespective of the cause and quantum thereof. ISBN 978-0-626-21184-4 SANS 2859-10:2008 Edition 1 ISO 2859-10:2006 Edition 1SOUTH AFRICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Sampling procedures for inspection by attrib

4、utes Part 10: Introduction to the ISO 2859 series of standards for sampling for inspection by attributes This national standard is the identical implementation of ISO 2859-10:2006 and is adopted with the permission of the International Organization for Standardization. Published by Standards South A

5、frica 1 dr lategan road groenkloof private bag x191 pretoria 0001 tel: 012 428 7911 fax: 012 344 1568 international code + 27 12 www.stansa.co.za Standards South Africa This standard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS.SANS 2859-10:2008 Edition 1

6、 ISO 2859-10:2006 Edition 1 Table of changes Change No. Date Scope National foreword This South African standard was approved by National Committee StanSA TC 169, Applications of statistical methods, in accordance with procedures of Standards South Africa, in compliance with annex 3 of the WTO/TBT a

7、greement. This SANS document was published in April 2008. This standard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS. Reference number ISO 2859-10:2006(E) ISO 2006INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 2859-10 First edition 2006-07-01 Sampling procedures for inspecti

8、on by attributes Part 10: Introduction to the ISO 2859 series of standards for sampling for inspection by attributes Rgles dchantillonnage pour les contrles par attributs Partie 10: Introduction au systme dchantillonnage pour les contrles par attributs de lISO 2859 SANS 2859-10:2008This standard may

9、 only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS.ISO 2859-10:2006(E) PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobes licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but shall not be edited unless the typefaces which ar

10、e embedded are licensed to and installed on the computer performing the editing. In downloading this file, parties accept therein the responsibility of not infringing Adobes licensing policy. The ISO Central Secretariat accepts no liability in this area. Adobe is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorpo

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12、a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below. ISO 2006 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and m

13、icrofilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ii IS

14、O 2006 All rights reservedSANS 2859-10:2008This standard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS.ISO 2859-10:2006(E) ISO 2006 All rights reserved iii Contents Page Foreword iv Introduction v 1 Scope . 1 2 Normative references . 1 3 Terms and definiti

15、ons. 1 4 General introduction to acceptance inspection 2 5 The ISO 2859 series 4 Bibliography . 11 SANS 2859-10:2008This standard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS.ISO 2859-10:2006(E) iv ISO 2006 All rights reservedForeword ISO (the Internation

16、al Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been e

17、stablished has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standard

18、ization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for vo

19、ting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all su

20、ch patent rights. ISO 2859-10 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 69, Applications of statistical methods, Subcommittee SC 5, Acceptance sampling. This first edition of ISO 2859-10 cancels and replaces ISO 2859-0:1995, which has been technically revised. ISO 2859 consists of the following par

21、ts, under the general title Sampling procedures for inspection by attributes: Part 1: Sampling schemes indexed by acceptance quality limit (AQL) for lot-by-lot inspection Part 2: Sampling plans indexed by limiting quality (LQ) for isolated lot inspection Part 3: Skip-lot sampling procedures Part 4:

22、Procedures for assessment of declared quality levels Part 5: System of sequential sampling plans indexed by acceptance quality limit (AQL) for lot-by-lot inspection Part 10: Introduction to the ISO 2859 series of attribute sampling standards This first edition of ISO 2859-10 is significantly differe

23、nt from ISO 2859-0:1995 which it cancels. It contains a brief summary of each part of ISO 2859 whereas the previous edition contained detailed description of the theory behind acceptance sampling by attributes and a detailed discussion of ISO 2859-1. The theory behind these standards has now been pl

24、aced in ISO/TR 8550-1. In addition, ISO 2859-2, ISO 2859-3, ISO 2859-4 and ISO 2859-5 are listed in this edition; these parts were not present when the first edition was published. SANS 2859-10:2008This standard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SAB

25、S.ISO 2859-10:2006(E) ISO 2006 All rights reserved v Introduction This general introduction to the ISO 2859 acceptance sampling series describes the attribute sampling schemes and plans set forth in ISO 2859-1, ISO 2859-2, ISO 2859-3, ISO 2859-4 and ISO 2859-5. This introduction treats the subject o

26、f sampling inspection by attributes in a general way, introducing the essential operating procedures and the ways in which the systems were designed to be used. To understand fully the concepts and their applications, it is necessary to consult ISO 2859-1, ISO 2859-2, ISO 2859-3, ISO 2859-4, ISO 285

27、9-5 and ISO/TR 8550-1. The individual parts of this series of international standards extend this introductory explanation to more specific applications that are appropriate for the particular standard. It is emphasized that ISO 2859-1 provides sampling schemes indexed by acceptance quality limit (A

28、QL). The quality measure used can be percent nonconforming or the number of nonconformities per 100 items. ISO 2859-1 was developed primarily for the inspection of a continuing series of lots all originating from the same production or servicing process. In this situation, adequate protection (or th

29、e maximum process average percent nonconforming) is maintained by use of the switching rule from normal to tightened inspection should a certain (limiting) number of unacceptable lots be found in a short series of successive lots. ISO 2859-2 provides sampling plans applicable for use when individual

30、 or isolated lots are to be sampled. These sampling plans are in many instances identical to those in ISO 2859-1. All the tables of sampling plans in ISO 2859-2 include information regarding the quality level required to assure a high probability of lot acceptance. ISO 2859-3 provides skip-lot proce

31、dures for use when the process quality is markedly superior to the AQL for a defined long period of delivery or observation. When the quality level is in this state of excellence, it is sometimes more economical to use ISO 2859-3 than to use the reduced sampling procedure of ISO 2859-1. Like ISO 285

32、9-1, ISO 2859-3 is applicable to a continuing series of lots from a single source. ISO 2859-4 provides a procedure that may be used to verify a quality level that has been declared for some entity. This function is not appropriate for the other parts of the series. The main reason for this is that t

33、hose procedures have been indexed in terms of quality levels that are relevant solely for the purpose of acceptance sampling, and the various risks have been balanced appropriately. The procedures in ISO 2859-4 have been developed in response to the need for sampling procedures suitable for formal,

34、systematic inspections such as reviews or audits. ISO 2859-5 provides a method of establishing sequential sampling plans of discriminatory power essentially equivalent to that of corresponding plans of ISO 2859-1. A complementary system of sampling plans for inspection by variables, also indexed by

35、AQL, is provided by the ISO 3951 series, Sampling procedures for inspection by variables. SANS 2859-10:2008This standard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS.SANS 2859-10:2008This standard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and

36、freemailing clients of the SABS.INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 2859-10:2006(E) ISO 2006 All rights reserved 1 Sampling procedures for inspection by attributes Part 10: Introduction to the ISO 2859 series of standards for sampling for inspection by attributes 1 Scope This part of ISO 2859 provides a gene

37、ral introduction to acceptance sampling by attributes and provides a brief summary of the attribute sampling schemes and plans used in ISO 2859-1, ISO 2859-2, ISO 2859-3, ISO 2859-4 and ISO 2859-5, which describe specific types of attribute sampling systems. It also provides guidance on the selectio

38、n of the appropriate inspection system for use in a particular situation. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenc

39、ed document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 2859-1:1999, Sampling procedures for inspection by attributes Part 1: Sampling schemes indexed by acceptance quality limit (AQL) for lot-by-lot inspection ISO 2859-2:1985, Sampling procedures for inspection by attributes Part 2: Sampling plans inde

40、xed by limiting quality (LQ) for isolated lot inspection ISO 2859-3, Sampling procedures for inspection by attributes Part 3: Skip-lot sampling procedures ISO 2859-4:2002, Sampling procedures for inspection by attributes Part 4: Procedures for assessment of declared quality levels ISO 2859-5:2005, S

41、ampling procedures for inspection by attributes Part 5: System of sequential sampling plans indexed by acceptance quality limit (AQL) for lot-by-lot inspection ISO 3534-1, Statistics Vocabulary and symbols Part 1: Probability and general statistical terms ISO 3534-2, Statistics Vocabulary and symbol

42、s Part 2: Applied statistics 3 Terms and definitions For the purpose of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 2859-1, ISO 2859-2, ISO 2859-3, ISO 2859-4, ISO 2859-5, ISO 3534-1 and ISO 3534-2 apply. SANS 2859-10:2008This standard may only be used and printed by approved subscription

43、and freemailing clients of the SABS.ISO 2859-10:2006(E) 2 ISO 2006 All rights reserved4 General introduction to acceptance inspection 4.1 Aim of sampling inspection The principal purpose of acceptance sampling inspection is to see that the producer submits lots of a quality that is at, or better tha

44、n, a mutually agreed level. All ISO 2859 series standards are based on a common parameter, e.g. AQL or LQ. The producer may use these sampling procedures to ensure that the quality level will be acceptable to the consumer. In all these procedures, it must be recognized that the financial resources a

45、re not unlimited. The cost of the item should reflect the cost of inspection as well as the cost of production. A real effort shall be made to ensure that a system is devised that clearly places responsibility for quality with the producer. Inspection can appear to divert the responsibility for qual

46、ity from the producer to the inspector. This may happen whenever there is a belief that the inspector is there to sort things out, so that, within limits, what happens in production will be caught by inspection. Sampling inspection has little effect on the quality of the product lot or batch. Sampli

47、ng schemes and plans designated in the ISO 2859 series are applicable, but not limited, to inspection of end items, components and raw materials, operations, materials in process, supplies in storage, maintenance operations, data or records, and administrative procedures. 4.2 Acceptance sampling Acc

48、eptance sampling inspection has the merit of putting the responsibility for quality where it belongs, with the producer. The inspector is no longer regarded as the person who corrects errors. The producer must see that the product is of high quality, otherwise there will be inconvenience and expense

49、 with unacceptable lots. Sampling inspection can and should lead to less inspection work, lower cost and good quality for the consumer. The sampling inspection schemes of ISO 2859-1, ISO 2859-2, ISO 2859-3 and ISO 2859-5 provide for quantification of the risk of accepting unsatisfactory product (known as the consumers risk) and the risk of not accepting satisfactory product (known as the producers risk), and for choosing a plan that allows no more risk than is acceptable. 4.3 Other inspection p