SANS 22411-2009 Ergonomics data and guidelines for the application of ISO IEC Guide 71 to products and services to address the needs of older persons and persons with disabilities《.pdf

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1、 Collection of SANS standards in electronic format (PDF) 1. Copyright This standard is available to staff members of companies that have subscribed to the complete collection of SANS standards in accordance with a formal copyright agreement. This document may reside on a CENTRAL FILE SERVER or INTRA

2、NET SYSTEM only. Unless specific permission has been granted, this document MAY NOT be sent or given to staff members from other companies or organizations. Doing so would constitute a VIOLATION of SABS copyright rules. 2. Indemnity The South African Bureau of Standards accepts no liability for any

3、damage whatsoever than may result from the use of this material or the information contain therein, irrespective of the cause and quantum thereof. ISBN 978-0-626-23302-0 SANS 22411:2009Edition 1ISO/TR 22411:2008Edition 1SOUTH AFRICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Ergonomics data and guidelines for the applicati

4、on of ISO/IEC Guide 71 to products and services to address the needs of older persons and persons with disabilities This national standard is the identical implementation of ISO/TR 22411:2008 and is adopted with the permission of the International Organization for Standardization. Published by SABS

5、Standards Division 1 Dr Lategan Road Groenkloof Private Bag X191 Pretoria 0001Tel: +27 12 428 7911 Fax: +27 12 344 1568 www.sabs.co.za SABS SANS 22411:2009 Edition 1 ISO/TR 22411:2008 Edition 1 Table of changes Change No. Date Scope National foreword This South African standard was approved by Natio

6、nal Committee SABS TC 185, Consumer Policy Committee (COPOLCO), in accordance with procedures of the SABS Standards Division, in compliance with annex 3 of the WTO/TBT agreement. This SANS document was published in September 2009. Reference numberISO/TR 22411:2008(E)ISO 2008TECHNICAL REPORT ISO/TR22

7、411First edition2008-09-01Ergonomics data and guidelines for the application of ISO/IEC Guide 71 to products and services to address the needs of older persons and persons with disabilities Donnes dergonomie et lignes directrices pour lapplication du Guide ISO/CEI 71 aux produits et services afin de

8、 rpondre aux besoins des personnes ges et de celles ayant des incapacits SANS 22411:2009This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .ISO/TR 22411:2008(E) PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobe

9、s licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but shall not be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are licensed to and installed on the computer performing the editing. In downloading this file, parties accept therein the responsibility of not infringing Adobes licensing policy.

10、The ISO Central Secretariat accepts no liability in this area. Adobe is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated. Details of the software products used to create this PDF file can be found in the General Info relative to the file; the PDF-creation parameters were optimized for printing. Every care

11、has been taken to ensure that the file is suitable for use by ISO member bodies. In the unlikely event that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below. COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2008 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no p

12、art of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale

13、 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ii ISO 2008 All rights reservedSANS 22411:2009This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .ISO/TR 22411:200

14、8(E) ISO 2008 All rights reserved iiiContents Page Foreword .v Introductionvi 1 Scope1 2 Normative references1 3 Terms and definitions .1 4 General considerations.3 4.1 Need for technical guidance in implementing ISO/IEC Guide 71 in individual standards.3 4.2 Approaches for achieving accessibility3

15、4.3 Human abilities data4 5 Using this Technical Report.4 6 Developing standards Issues to consider during the standards developing process .4 6.1 General .4 6.2 Definition of the standardization project 4 6.3 Composition of the drafting committee 5 6.4 Content of the standard5 6.5 Review process .6

16、 6.6 Publication of the standard 6 7 Resolution of contradictory requirements6 8 Factors to consider with design guidelines .7 8.1 General .7 8.2 Alternative format7 8.3 Location and layout of information and controls and positioning of handles .17 8.4 Lighting levels and glare 20 8.5 Colour and con

17、trast 22 8.6 Size and style of font and symbols in information, warnings and labelling of controls .24 8.7 Clear language in written or spoken information 27 8.8 Graphical symbols and illustration .31 8.9 Loudness and pitch of non-spoken communication.33 8.10 Slow pace of information presentation .3

18、3 8.11 Distinctive form of product, control or packaging.35 8.12 Ease of handling36 8.13 Expiration date marking50 8.14 Contents labelling and warning of allergens51 8.15 Surface temperature52 8.16 Accessible routes52 8.17 Logical process .58 8.18 Surface finish.61 8.19 Non-allergenic/toxic material

19、s .62 8.20 Acoustics63 8.21 Fail-safe 64 8.22 Ventilation 65 8.23 Fire safety of materials .65 9 Ergonomic data on human abilities and the consequences of impairment65 9.1 General .65 9.2 Sensory abilities 66 9.3 Physical abilities96 9.4 Cognitive abilities125 SANS 22411:2009This s tandard may only

20、be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .ISO/TR 22411:2008(E) iv ISO 2008 All rights reserved9.5 Allergies131 Annex A (informative) Principles of accessible design.134 Annex B (informative) Data on spectral sensitivity of the eye as a function of age and appl

21、ication.136 Annex C (informative) Visual acuity data as a function of viewing distance for different age groups.140 Annex D (informative) Span of fundamental colours 144 Annex E (informative) Cases of allergy.148 Bibliography 154 SANS 22411:2009This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved

22、 subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .ISO/TR 22411:2008(E) ISO 2008 All rights reserved vForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normall

23、y carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the

24、work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare In

25、ternational Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. In exceptional circumstances, when a technical com

26、mittee has collected data of a different kind from that which is normally published as an International Standard (“state of the art”, for example), it may decide by a simple majority vote of its participating members to publish a Technical Report. A Technical Report is entirely informative in nature

27、 and does not have to be reviewed until the data it provides are considered to be no longer valid or useful. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent

28、rights. ISO/TR 22411 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 159, Ergonomics. SANS 22411:2009This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .ISO/TR 22411:2008(E) vi ISO 2008 All rights reservedIntroduction This Technical Report is intended

29、 to help standards developers understand the accessible design principles of ISO/IEC Guide 71 and implement them into individual standards by providing design considerations and ergonomic data related to human abilities. While this Technical Report was written primarily for standards developers, it

30、is recognized that much of the information is technical in form and committees are advised to seek technical advice on the interpretation of such data where relevant expertise is not available within the committee. In addition to its application by standards developers, this Technical Report could a

31、lso be useful to manufacturers, designers, service providers, educators and others. ISO/IEC Guide 71 stresses the concept that taking care of the needs of older persons and persons with disabilities is important in developing relevant International Standards. The underlying idea is that products, se

32、rvices and environments encountered in all aspects of daily life and intended for the consumer market and the workplace should be designed to be accessible for all people including those with special requirements, such as older persons and persons with disabilities. This idea, called accessible desi

33、gn, has been spreading all over the world. Some regional and national standard bodies have adopted the ISO/IEC Guide 71 as their own standard or guidance. ISO/IEC Guide 71 has successfully addressed the importance of being aware of the needs of older persons and persons with disabilities. For seven

34、design fields it provides structured tables of factors and human abilities that need to be considered in designing products and services. Its tables are intended to also direct the attention of standards developers to these factors when they draft or revise standards. However, ISO/IEC Guide 71 does

35、not exhaustively describe how to consider those factors or how to find solutions for them. What is required is to establish design methods for implementing the concept of accessible design into individual standards. The methods demand a wider range of knowledge on properties and ergonomic data of hu

36、man abilities. Without such knowledge, better design for persons with special requirements will not be realized. Social and economic effects are expected from accessible design. In the social dimension, a greater number of individuals including older persons and persons with disabilities will be abl

37、e to be involved in social activities without any restriction in using products or enjoying services and environments. The economic effect is that products developed using accessible design can be purchased by a wider range of people, including older persons and those with disabilities, who are now

38、a significant proportion of consumers with buying power. ISO/TC 159, Ergonomics, has been involved in this challenging work, firstly with an ad hoc group and then with Working Group WG 2, Ergonomics for persons with special requirements, the result of which has been the development of this Technical

39、 Report, which also incorporates factors that do not appear in ISO/IEC Guide 71 where considered necessary. Nevertheless, these design considerations and human ability data are arranged in accordance with the structure of ISO/IEC Guide 71, for ease of reference. This Technical Report widens the scop

40、e of users as far as possible and is not limited to the 5th to 95th percentiles of working populations1). It constitutes a starting point from which to offer technical information for accessible design. It is not exhaustive and does not fully reflect the present state of knowledge and data for acces

41、sible design: while some of the design considerations are well established, others are still under development. 1) A percentile describes the percentage of people in a population group (e.g. 5 % or 95 %) for which the relation to a certain body size is greater or smaller than the value given in each

42、 case. For more details, see ISO 7250. SANS 22411:2009This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .TECHNICAL REPORT ISO/TR 22411:2008(E) ISO 2008 All rights reserved 1Ergonomics data and guidelines for the application of ISO/IEC Guide 71 t

43、o products and services to address the needs of older persons and persons with disabilities 1 Scope This Technical Report presents ergonomics data and guidelines for applying ISO/IEC Guide 71 in addressing the needs of older persons and persons with disabilities in standards development. It provides

44、: ergonomics data and knowledge about human abilities sensory, physical, cognitive abilities and allergies; guidance on the accessible design of products, services and environments. Each of its design considerations or recommendations is based on ergonomic principles that are necessary for making pr

45、oducts, services and environments accessible to older persons and those with disabilities. It is applicable to products, services and environments encountered in all aspects of daily life, as well as in the consumer market and workplace (herein, the term “products and services” is used to cover all

46、these areas). While it does not provide techniques for designing assistive devices, some of its provisions do, however, support interoperability with assistive technology. Conformity assessment of any international, regional or domestic standards is outside its scope. 2 Normative references The foll

47、owing referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO/IEC Guide 71:2001, Guidelines for standards developer

48、s to address the needs of older persons and persons with disabilities 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 accessible design design focused on principles of extending standard design to persons with some type of performance limitat

49、ion to maximize the number of potential customers who can readily use a product, building or service, which may be achieved by designing products, services and environments that are readily usable by most users without any modification, making products or services adaptable to different users (adapting user interfaces), and SANS 22411:2009This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .ISO/TR 22411:2008(E) 2 ISO 2008 All rights reserved having standardized interfaces to b