SANS 2001-BS1-2008 Construction works Part BS1 Site clearance《建设工程 第BS1部分 场地清理》.pdf

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1、 Collection of SANS standards in electronic format (PDF) 1. Copyright This standard is available to staff members of companies that have subscribed to the complete collection of SANS standards in accordance with a formal copyright agreement. This document may reside on a CENTRAL FILE SERVER or INTRA

2、NET SYSTEM only. Unless specific permission has been granted, this document MAY NOT be sent or given to staff members from other companies or organizations. Doing so would constitute a VIOLATION of SABS copyright rules. 2. Indemnity The South African Bureau of Standards accepts no liability for any

3、damage whatsoever than may result from the use of this material or the information contain therein, irrespective of the cause and quantum thereof. ISBN 978-0-626-19230-3 SANS 2001-BS1:2008Edition 1SOUTH AFRICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Construction works Part BS1: Site clearance Published by SABS Standards

4、 Division 1 Dr Lategan Road Groenkloof Private Bag X191 Pretoria 0001Tel: +27 12 428 7911 Fax: +27 12 344 1568 www.sabs.co.za SABS SANS 2001-BS1:2008 Edition 1 Table of changes Change No. Date Scope Acknowledgement The SABS Standards Division wishes to acknowledge the input of the South African Inst

5、itution of Civil Engineering in the development of this document. Foreword This South African standard was approved by National Committee SABS TC 59, Construction standards, in accordance with procedures of the SABS Standards Division, in compliance with annex 3 of the WTO/TBT agreement. This docume

6、nt was published in September 2008. This document supersedes SABS 1200 C:1980 (first edition). SANS 2001 consists of a number of parts in various stages of preparation, under the general title Construction works. Annex A forms an integral part of this document. Annex B is for information only. Intro

7、duction The different parts of SANS 2001 each address a specific component of construction works. The prime purpose in the production of these standards is to create a set of standards that are generally applicable to construction works, and which can be readily modified to make them applicable to p

8、articular works. The SANS 2001 family of standards provides technical descriptions of the standard of materials and workmanship that will be used in the works that are executed or in the performance of the works when completed (or both). These standards do not make reference to the actions of those

9、responsible for executing the works or the parties to a contract, i.e. to the constraints relating to the manner in which contract work is to be performed. Neither do they deal with the commercial arrangements of such contracts. These standards are suitable for use in any “in-house” construction wor

10、k or in all types of engineering and construction works contracts, for example, design by employer, design and build, develop and construct, construction management or management contracts. Standard requirements pertaining to the manner in which works are constructed can be found in the SANS 1921 fa

11、mily of standards. SANS 2001-BS1:2008 Edition 1 1 Contents Page Acknowledgement Foreword Introduction 1 Scope . 3 2 Normative references . 3 3 Definitions 4 4 Requirements . 5 5 Compliance with the requirements 8 Annex A (normative) Preparation of specification data associated with this part of SANS

12、 2001 for inclusion in the scope of work. 9 Annex B (informative) Items that might need to be considered when preparing the scope of work for a particular project. 12 Bibliography 12 SANS 2001-BS1:2008 Edition 1 2 This page is intentionally left blank SANS 2001-BS1:2008 Edition 1 3 Construction work

13、s Part BS1: Site clearance 1 Scope This part of SANS 2001 covers a) the removal of vegetation, fences, guard rails and posts, signage, litter and building rubble, boulders, and surface and subsurface obstructions, and the demolition and removal of structures (including their basements, if any) not d

14、irectly associated with or incidental to any construction site; b) the cleaning out of existing hydraulic structures and the clearing and grubbing of vegetation from the inlets and outlets of these structures; and c) clearing to improve sight distances on roadways. 2 Normative references The followi

15、ng referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. Information on currently valid national and international st

16、andards can be obtained from the SABS Standards Division. SANS 2001-CC1, Construction works Part CC1: Concrete works (structural). SANS 2001-CC2, Construction works Part CC2: Concrete works (minor works). SANS 2001-CM1, Construction works Part CM1: Masonry walling. SANS 2001-DP1, Construction works

17、Part DP1: Earthworks for buried pipelines and prefabricated culverts. SANS 10403:2003, Formatting and compilation of construction procurement documents. TMH1-A7, Standard methods of testing road construction materials Method A7: The determination of the maximum dry density and optimum moisture conte

18、nt of gravel, soil and sand. TMH1-A10(a), Standard methods of testing road construction materials Method A10(a): The determination of the in-place dry density of soil or gravel by the sand replacement method. SANS 2001-BS1:2008 Edition 1 4 TMH1-A10(b), Standard methods of testing road construction m

19、aterials Method A10(b): Tentative method for determining the in-place density and moisture content of soils and gravels by nuclear methods. TMH6-ST6, Special methods for testing roads Method ST6: Measurement of the in situ strength of soils by the Dynamic Cone Penetrometer (DCP). 3 Definitions For t

20、he purposes of this document, the definitions given in SANS 10403 and the following apply. 3.1 cleared surface surface of the ground after clearing of surface vegetation has been completed 3.2 designated area designated site area or site the position of which, in relation to the work to be carried o

21、ut, is shown in the drawings or is specified in the specification data 3.3 dynamic cone penetrometer dcp instrument used to measure the in-situ shear resistance of soil, comprising a drop weight of approximately 10 kg which falls through a height of 460 mm and drives a cone that has a maximum diamet

22、er of 20 mm (and a cone angle of 60 with respect to the horizontal) into the material being used 3.4 finished level level of the finished earthworks as shown in the drawings or specified in the specification data 3.5 grubbing operation of digging out the roots of vegetation 3.6 modified AASHTO maxim

23、um dry density highest density obtainable when compaction is carried out on soil at varied moisture contents at the modified AASHTO compaction effort in accordance with the requirements of TMH1-A7 3.7 original ground level level of the surface of an area before the commencement of clearing 3.8 pavem

24、ent layers of material that support a roadway, and which typically comprise the sub-base, base and surfacing 3.9 road prism that portion of the road construction included between the original ground level and the outer boundaries of the slopes or cuttings SANS 2001-BS1:2008 Edition 1 5 3.10 roadbed

25、in-situ material on which the fill or, in the absence of fill, any pavement layers, are to be constructed 3.11 specification data data, provisions and variations that make this part of SANS 2001 applicable to a particular contract or works (see annex A) 3.12 suitable capable of fulfilling or having

26、fulfilled the intended function, or fit for its intended purpose 4 Requirements 4.1 Areas to be cleared and grubbed 4.1.1 The following areas shall be cleared or grubbed (or both): a) the borrow areas, b) the designated areas on which excavations are to be carried out and embankments and structures

27、are to be constructed, and c) the areas on which material is to be stockpiled. 4.1.2 The general shape, profile, and levels of the areas that are cleared or grubbed shall not be materially altered during clearing and grubbing operations. 4.1.3 Unless otherwise specified in the specification data (se

28、e annex A), the designated areas in roadworks shall comprise the portions of the road reserve that fall within the limits of the road prism. 4.2 Clearing 4.2.1 Clearing shall consist of any of the activities described in table 1, as specified in the specification data (see annex A). 4.2.2 The work a

29、ssociated with activities 2 and 3 (see table 1) shall include a) excavation to expose the obstruction, including the measures required to stabilize the sides of the excavation, and b) the breaking out, removal and disposal of the material causing the obstruction. 4.2.3 All incoming and outgoing pipe

30、s of abandoned underground structures or obstructions shall be sealed with a) grade 15 concrete which complies with the requirements of SANS 2001-CC1 or SANS 2001-CC2, or b) 230 mm thick masonry, using masonry units with a minimum compressive strength of 10 MPa, in accordance with the requirements o

31、f SANS 2001-CM1. 4.2.4 The work associated with activity 11 (see table 1) shall include a) the breaking up of pavements and excavation to expose the sewer, drain or water main, including the measures required to stabilize the sides of the excavation; SANS 2001-BS1:2008 Edition 1 6 b) either the recl

32、amation of the pipe or the breaking up and disposal of the pipe together with any bedding and concrete haunching to such pipe(s) as specified in the specification data; c) backfilling trenches in accordance with the requirements of SANS 2001-DP1; d) the disposal of surplus and unusable material; and

33、 e) the sealing of ends of sewers and drains in accordance with the requirements of 4.2.3. NOTE The moving of a certain amount of soil or gravel might be inherent in, or unavoidable during, the process of clearing. Table 1 Site clearing activities 1 2 Activity number Description of activity 1 The re

34、moval and disposal of all trees and bushes (complete with roots), other vegetation, rubbish, hedges, fences, and all other material that might interfere with the construction of other works. 2 The demolition, breaking up and removal of buildings, walls, structures and all superficial obstructions on

35、 the site affected by the works down to original ground level. 3 The demolition, breaking up and removal of underground structures, such as foundations and chambers of masonry or concrete construction to a depth specified in the specification data. 4 The demolition, breaking up and removal of underg

36、round structures, such as septic tanks and soak pits. 5 The removal of all litter, building rubble, rocks and boulders that are lying on the surface to be cleared, or exposed during the clearing operations. 6 The removal and stacking of reusable materials as specified in the specification data. 7 Th

37、e breaking up and complete removal of all pavement layers and concrete haunching, which would normally entail the use of mechanical break-out equipment. 8 The breaking up and complete removal of sidewalks, ramps, parapets, paving slabs, blocks, slate paving, brick paving, and the like. 9 The breakin

38、g up and removal of kerbs and channels or haunching (or both). 10 The scarifying, loosening and breaking up of hardened areas by ripping or excavation to a depth specified in the specification data such that the maximum dimension of any residual block is not greater than 200 mm. 11 The removal of di

39、sused foul water and stormwater sewers, drains and water mains. 4.3 Grubbing 4.3.1 All stumps and roots larger than 75 mm in diameter shall be removed to a depth of at least 600 mm below the finished level, and at least 100 mm below the original ground level. Where a roadbed or other area has to be

40、compacted, all stumps and roots, including matted roots, shall be removed to a depth of at least 200 mm below the cleared surface. 4.3.2 Except in borrow areas, cavities resulting from grubbing shall be backfilled with suitable material and compacted to a density of 90 % of the modified AASHTO maxim

41、um dry density or that of the surrounding ground, whichever is the lesser. SANS 2001-BS1:2008 Edition 1 7 4.4 Disposal of material 4.4.1 Material obtained from clearing and grubbing and from the demolition of structures shall be disposed of in borrow pits or other suitable places, as specified in th

42、e specification data, and shall be covered with soil or gravel. Combustible material on site may be disposed of by means of burning, unless otherwise specified in the specification data. 4.4.2 All tree trunks and branches of girth exceeding 0,5 m shall be stripped of secondary branches, sawn into tr

43、ansportable lengths and stacked at designated sites, as specified in the specification data. 4.4.3 Fencing wire shall be neatly wound into rolls or coils and all such wire, together with all fence posts and other reusable material from structures, etc., shall be stacked at sites specified in the spe

44、cification data. 4.4.4 Materials other than those referred to in 4.4.3, which, in terms of the specification data, are to be reused, shall be stacked at sites specified in the specification data. 4.5 Branches overhanging boundaries The branches of trees that are to be left standing shall be so trimm

45、ed as not to encroach upon the space (of height at least 7 m) vertically above any carriageway, railway formation, or other designated area. 4.6 Conservation of individual trees Individual trees that, in terms of the scope of work, are identified to be conserved, shall be left standing, uninjured an

46、d protected against damage from all construction activities. 4.7 Conservation of turf, plants, bushes and shrubs Where required in terms of the scope of work, all turf, plants, bushes and shrubs that are identified to be conserved, shall be carefully removed, maintained and replaced and replanted on

47、 completion of the works. 4.8 Re-clearing of vegetation If during the period of construction vegetation should again grow on any portion of the site, borrow areas, or other areas that have been cleared in accordance with this part of SANS 2001, re-clearing might be required. Such re-clearing shall i

48、nclude the removal and disposal of grass, shrubs and other vegetation, as in the first clearing operation. 4.9 Conservation of topsoil Where topsoil is required to be conserved in terms of the specification data, the topsoil together with any grass and other suitable vegetation shall be removed and

49、placed in accordance with the provisions of the scope of work. If not used immediately, such topsoil shall be temporarily stockpiled for later use. 4.10 Conservation of flora When so required in terms of the specification data, certain designated flora encountered in areas to be cleared, including borrow areas, shall be conserved. Such designated flora shall be carefully removed, transplanted in a fenced-off protected area, maintained and replanted on the site or in the borrow areas (as relevant) in accordance with the scope of work. SANS 2001-BS1:2008 Edition 1 8 5