SANS 16063-1-2008 Methods for the calibration of vibration and shock transducers Part 1 Basic concepts《振动与冲击传感器的校准方法 第1部分 基本概念》.pdf

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1、 Collection of SANS standards in electronic format (PDF) 1. Copyright This standard is available to staff members of companies that have subscribed to the complete collection of SANS standards in accordance with a formal copyright agreement. This document may reside on a CENTRAL FILE SERVER or INTRA

2、NET SYSTEM only. Unless specific permission has been granted, this document MAY NOT be sent or given to staff members from other companies or organizations. Doing so would constitute a VIOLATION of SABS copyright rules. 2. Indemnity The South African Bureau of Standards accepts no liability for any

3、damage whatsoever than may result from the use of this material or the information contain therein, irrespective of the cause and quantum thereof. ISBN 978-0-626-20607-9 SANS 16063-1:2008Edition 1ISO 16063-1:1998Edition 1SOUTH AFRICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Methods for the calibration of vibration and sh

4、ock transducers Part 1: Basic concepts This national standard is the identical implementation of ISO 16063-1:1998 and is adopted with the permission of the International Organization for Standardization. Published by Standards South Africa 1 dr lategan road groenkloof private bag x191 pretoria 0001

5、tel: 012 428 7911 fax: 012 344 1568 international code + 27 12 www.stansa.co.za Standards South Africa SANS 16063-1:2008 Edition 1 ISO 16063-1:1998 Edition 1 Table of changes Change No. Date Scope National foreword This South African standard was approved by National Committee StanSA TC 76, Acoustic

6、s, electro-acoustics and vibration, in accordance with procedures of Standards South Africa, in compliance with annex 3 of the WTO/TBT agreement. This SANS document was published in January 2008. AReference numberISO 16063-1:1998(E)INTERNATIONALSTANDARDISO16063-1First edition1998-10-15Methods for th

7、e calibration of vibrationand shock transducers Part 1:Basic conceptsMthodes pour ltalonnage des transducteurs de vibrations et de chocs Partie 1: Concepts de baseSANS 16063-1:2008This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .ISO 16063-1:19

8、98(E) ISO 1998All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronicor mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from the publisher.International Organization for Standar

9、dizationCase postale 56 CH-1211 Genve 20 SwitzerlandInternet isoiso.chPrinted in SwitzerlandiiContents Page1 Scope 12 Normative references 13 Terms and definitions .14 Characteristics to be measured .44.1 General.44.2 Direct response.44.3 Spurious response .55 Calibration methods 75.1 General.75.2 P

10、rimary calibration methods .85.3 Comparison calibration methods176 Expression of uncertainty of measurement18Annex A (informative) Expression of uncertainty of measurement in calibration19Bibliography22SANS 16063-1:2008This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemail

11、ing clients of the SABS .ISO ISO 16063-1:1998(E)iiiForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISOmember bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technicalcommittees. Each m

12、ember body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established hasthe right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, inliaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International El

13、ectrotechnicalCommission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 3.Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting.

14、Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.International Standard ISO 16063-1 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 108, Mechanical vibration andshock, Subcommittee SC 3, Use and calibration of vibration and shock measuring in

15、struments.This first edition of ISO 16063-1 cancels and replaces ISO 5347-0:1987, of which it constitutes a minor revision. Anew clause 6, new annex A, and an enlarged bibliography have been included.ISO 16063 will consist of the following parts, under the general title Methods for the calibration o

16、f vibration andshock transducers: Part 1: Basic concepts Part 2: Primary calibrations Part 3: Secondary calibrations Part 4: Environmental calibrationsParts 2 to 4 are under preparation and will consist of a revision of parts 1 to 23 of ISO 5347.Annex A of this part of ISO 16063 is for information o

17、nly.SANS 16063-1:2008This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .ISO 16063-1:1998(E)ISOivIntroductionThe calibration of vibration and shock transducers has become increasingly important as the need has grown foraccurate measurements of th

18、e shocks and vibrations to which man and a wide variety of equipment are subjectedin service. Several methods have been used or proposed for these calibrations and some of them are described inthis part of ISO 16063. Clause 5 describes methods which have proved to be reliable means for the primaryca

19、libration of vibration and shock transducers.Methods of calibration for both vibration and shock transducers are included in this International Standard becauseit has proved to be impracticable to make a distinction between transducers used in measurements of vibrationsand those used in measurements

20、 of shocks.This International Standard is limited to the calibration of acceleration, velocity and displacement transducers. Itdoes not deal with transducers used for measurements of force, pressure or strain, even though some of these maybe calibrated using similar methods. Furthermore, transducers

21、 used to measure rotational vibratory motion are alsoexcluded because, at present, they are few in number and the calibration hardware and methods are somewhatdifferent from those for the rectilinear transducers covered by this International Standard.This part of ISO 16063 contains definitions and d

22、escribes basic primary calibration. In addition, it describes, ingeneral terms, various methods for the calibration of vibration and shock transducers as well as methods formeasuring characteristics other than sensitivity. In order to be able to carry out a calibration with known accuracy,detailed s

23、pecifications for instruments and procedures have to be laid down. Information of this kind for eachmethod of calibration will be specified in subsequent parts of ISO 16063 (i.e. revisions of parts 1 to 23 of theISO 5347 series).The transducer may be calibrated as a unit by itself; it may include a

24、cable connection and/or a conditioning device.The calibration system shall always be properly described.A bibliography is included and the references are referred to in the text by numbers in square brackets.SANS 16063-1:2008This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and fr

25、eemailing clients of the SABS .INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO ISO 16063-1:1998(E)1Methods for the calibration of vibration and shock transducers Part 1Basic concepts1 ScopeThis part of ISO 16063 describes methods for the calibration of vibration and shock transducers. It also includesmethods for the mea

26、surement of characteristics in addition to the sensitivity.One primary calibration method has been selected as the preferred method (see 5.2.1). Comparison calibrationmethods for vibration and shock are also described (see 5.3). More detailed descriptions are given in parts 1 to 23of ISO 5347 (see r

27、eferences 1 to 22).This part of ISO 16063 is applicable to continuous-reading rectilinear acceleration, velocity and displacementtransducers and recommends a preferred method which has proved to give reliable and reproducible results.It is not applicable to methods for the calibration of rotational

28、transducers.2 Normative referencesThe following normative documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions ofthis part of ISO 16063. For dated references, subsequent amendments to, or revisions of, any of these publicationsdo not apply. However, parties to ag

29、reements based on this part of ISO 16063 are encouraged to investigate thepossibility of applying the most recent editions of the normative documents indicated below. For undatedreferences, the latest edition of the normative document referred to applies. Members of ISO and IEC maintainregisters of

30、currently valid International Standards.ISO 1101:1983, Technical drawings Geometrical tolerancing Tolerances of form, orientation, location and run-out Generalities, definitions, symbols, indications on drawings.ISO 2041:1990, Vibration and shock Vocabulary.ISO 2954:1975, Mechanical vibration of rot

31、ating and reciprocating machinery Requirements for instruments formeasuring vibration severity.GUM: Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement. BIPM/IEC/IFCC/ISO/OIML/IUPAC,1995.3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this part of ISO 16063, the terms and definitions given in ISO 2041,

32、 together with the following,apply.3.1transducerdevice for converting the mechanical motion to be measured, for example acceleration in a given direction, into aquantity which may be conveniently measured or recordedNOTE A transducer may include auxiliary equipment for amplifying, supplying necessar

33、y operating power, providingnecessary circuit elements, indicating or recording its output, etc.SANS 16063-1:2008This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .ISO 16063-1:1998(E)ISO23.1.1operating rangerange of frequency and of amplitude fo

34、r which the transducer behaves as a linear transducer within specified limitsof tolerance3.1.2reciprocal transducerbilateral electromechanical transducer for which the ratio of the applied current to force produced (when thetransducer is restrained so the velocity is zero) equals the ratio of the ap

35、plied velocity to the voltage produced(when the transducer is open-circuited so the current is zero)EXAMPLES: Electromagnetic and piezo-electric transducers.3.1.3unilateral transducertransducer employing strain gauges as sensing elements for which an electrical excitation does not cause aperceptible

36、 mechanical effect in the transducer3.2input signalsignal applied to the input of the transducerEXAMPLE: The acceleration applied to the mounting surface.3.3output signalsignal generated by the transducer in response to a given input signalNOTE 1 For single-ended transducers, the acceleration vector

37、 is considered positive when directed into the mountingsurface of the transducer. For back-to-back reference accelerometers, the acceleration vector is considered positive whendirected from the top surface into the accelerometer to be calibrated by comparison.NOTE 2 The phase of the output quantity

38、(e.g. voltage, charge, current, resistance, etc.) should be specified with referenceto the defined positive acceleration vector or the derived quantities (velocity or displacement).3.4sensitivityfor a linear transducer, the ratio of the output to input during sinusoidal excitation parallel to a spec

39、ified axis ofsensitivity at the mounting surfaceNOTE 1 In general, the sensitivity includes both amplitude and phase information and is, consequently, a complex quantitywhich varies with frequency.The sinusoidal input motion may be represented by the following equations:()ss t=+G24exp j wj1()()=+G24

40、cos sinst twj wj11j (1)()vsv t= +jjwwjG24exp /12pi ()()=+G24cos / sin /vt twj wj1122pipij (2)()ava t= +jjwwjG24exp1pi ()()=+G24cos sinat twj wj11pipij (3)()uu t=+G24exp j wj2()()=+G24cos sinut twj wj22j (4)wheres is the complex quantity of the displacement;v is the complex quantity of the velocity;S

41、ANS 16063-1:2008This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .ISOISO 16063-1:1998(E)3a is the complex quantity of the acceleration;u is the complex quantity of the output;G24s is the peak amplitude of sinusoidal displacement;G24v is the pea

42、k amplitude of sinusoidal velocity; is the peak amplitude of sinusoidal acceleration;w is the angular frequency;j1and j2are the phase angles;t is the time;j is the imaginary unit.The displacement sensitivity, Ss, expressed in the units of the output signal per metre, is()SusSss= G24exp j 12(5)whereG

43、24G24G24Suss= is the magnitude of the displacement sensitivity;(j1 j2) is the phase lag.The velocity sensitivity, Sv, expressed in the units of the output signal per metre per second, is()SuvSvv= + G24exp /j 122pi (6)whereG24G24G24Suvv= is the magnitude of the velocity sensitivity;(j1+ pi/2 j2) is t

44、he phase lag.The acceleration sensitivity, Sa, expressed in the units of the output signal per metre per second squared, is()SuaSaa= +G24exp j 12pi (7)whereG24G24G24Suaa= is the magnitude of the acceleration sensitivity;(j1+ pi j2) is the phase lag.Usually, the displacement sensitivity is determined

45、 for a displacement transducer, the velocity sensitivity for avelocity transducer, and the acceleration sensitivity for an acceleration transducer. In general, the sensitivitymagnitudes and the phase angles are functions of the frequency, f = w/2pi.NOTE 2 A displacement, velocity or acceleration tra

46、nsducer in which the corresponding sensitivity does not become zero asthe frequency approaches zero is said to have a zero-frequency response (direct-current response). Sensitivity under constantSANS 16063-1:2008This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing cli

47、ents of the SABS .ISO 16063-1:1998(E)ISO4acceleration corresponds to w = 0 and the phase lag is zero. Examples of transducers with zero-frequency response areacceleration transducers employing strain gauges, potentiometers, differential transformers, force-balance (servo) or variablereluctance circu

48、its as sensing elements. Seismic self-generating transducers, such as piezo-electric and electrodynamictransducers, are examples of transducers without zero-frequency response.3.5transverse sensitivity ratio (TSR)ratio of the output of a transducer, when oriented with its axis of sensitivity transve

49、rse to the direction of the input, tothe output when the axis of sensitivity is aligned in the direction of the same input3.6vibration generatorany device for applying a controlled motion to the mounting surface of a transducerNOTE Vibration generators are sometimes referred to as exciters or shakers.4 Characteristics to be measured4.1 GeneralThe primary object of the calibration of a transducer is to determine its calibration factor (sensitivity) over theamplitude and frequency range for th