SANS 11648-1-2005 Statistical aspects of sampling from bulk materials Part 1 General principles《散装材料取样的统计学问题 第1部分 一般原则》.pdf
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1、 Collection of SANS standards in electronic format (PDF) 1. Copyright This standard is available to staff members of companies that have subscribed to the complete collection of SANS standards in accordance with a formal copyright agreement. This document may reside on a CENTRAL FILE SERVER or INTRA
2、NET SYSTEM only. Unless specific permission has been granted, this document MAY NOT be sent or given to staff members from other companies or organizations. Doing so would constitute a VIOLATION of SABS copyright rules. 2. Indemnity The South African Bureau of Standards accepts no liability for any
3、damage whatsoever than may result from the use of this material or the information contain therein, irrespective of the cause and quantum thereof. ICS 03.120.30 ISBN 0-626-17067-2 SANS 11648-1:2005Edition 1ISO 11648-1:2003Edition 1SOUTH AFRICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Statistical aspects of sampling from
4、bulk materials Part 1: General principles This national standard is the identical implementation of ISO 11648-1:2003, and is adopted with the permission of the International Organization for Standardization. Published by Standards South Africa 1 dr lategan road groenkloof private bag x191 pretoria 0
5、001 tel: 012 428 7911 fax: 012 344 1568 international code + 27 12 www.stansa.co.za Standards South Africa SANS 11648-1:2005 Edition 1 ISO 11648-1:2003 Edition 1 Table of changes Change No. Date Scope Abstract Establishes the general principles for the application and statistical treatment of the sa
6、mpling of bulk materials. It also provides general guidance and examples for estimating necessary variances and checking precision and bias when the average value of a quality characteristic is investigated. It gives information relating to the statistical analyses of serial data, by the use of vari
7、ograms and correlograms. It also defines the basic terms with definitions for the sampling of bulk materials. These terms are necessary for providing a better understanding of sampling techniques as well as making it easier to fulfil requirements. Keywords bulk goods, bulk materials, bulk products,
8、definitions, general section, material behaviour, premixed materials, samples, sampling, sampling methods, specimen preparation, statistical analysis, statistical methods of analysis, statistics, test specimens. National foreword This South African standard was approved by National Committee StanSA
9、TC 169, Applications of statistical methods, in accordance with procedures of Standards South Africa, in compliance with annex 3 of the WTO/TBT agreement. Reference numberISO 11648-1:2003(E)ISO 2003INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO11648-1First edition2003-03-15Statistical aspects of sampling from bulk mate
10、rials Part 1: General principles Aspects statistiques de lchantillonnage des matriaux en vrac Partie 1: Principes gnraux ISO 11648-1:2003(E) PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobes licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but shall not be ed
11、ited unless the typefaces which are embedded are licensed to and installed on the computer performing the editing. In downloading this file, parties accept therein the responsibility of not infringing Adobes licensing policy. The ISO Central Secretariat accepts no liability in this area. Adobe is a
12、trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated. Details of the software products used to create this PDF file can be found in the General Info relative to the file; the PDF-creation parameters were optimized for printing. Every care has been taken to ensure that the file is suitable for use by ISO member b
13、odies. In the unlikely event that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below. ISO 2003 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechan
14、ical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.
15、org Published in Switzerland ii ISO 2003 All rights reservedISO 11648-1:2003(E) ISO 2003 All rights reserved iiiContents Page Foreword iv Introduction v 1 Scope 1 2 Normative references . 1 3 Terms, definitions, symbols and abbreviated terms. 1 4 Purpose and application of statistics in sampling fro
16、m bulk material 11 5 Particular problems for sampling bulk materials 11 6 Differences between particulates, liquids and gases . 13 7 Experimental methods for obtaining variance components at various stages of sampling 14 8 Adjusting the sampling plan to obtain desired precision. 19 9 Estimating prec
17、ision. 20 10 Checking for bias 20 11 Precision and bias at measurement stage . 22 Annex A (informative) Explanatory notes on definitions . 23 Annex B (informative) Fully-nested experiments 28 Annex C (informative) Statistical analysis of serial data 36 Annex D (normative) Estimating precision 74 Ann
18、ex E (normative) Checking for bias . 78 Bibliography . 91 ISO 11648-1:2003(E) iv ISO 2003 All rights reservedForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is
19、normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part
20、in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to pre
21、pare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that
22、some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 11648-1 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 69, Applications of statistical methods. ISO 11648 consists of the following parts, under
23、 the general title Statistical aspects of sampling from bulk materials: Part 1: General principles Part 2: Sampling of particulate materials It is the intention of ISO/TC 69/SC 3 to develop additional parts under this general title for the sampling of liquids and gases, if the need exists. ISO 11648
24、-1:2003(E) ISO 2003 All rights reserved vIntroduction This first part of ISO 11648 gives a broad outline of the statistical aspects of sampling from bulk material. International Standards dealing with the methods for sampling for bulk materials, such as solid fuels, iron ores, etc., have already bee
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