SANS 11630-2007 Cranes - Measurement of wheel alignment《起重机 前轮校正测量》.pdf

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1、 Collection of SANS standards in electronic format (PDF) 1. Copyright This standard is available to staff members of companies that have subscribed to the complete collection of SANS standards in accordance with a formal copyright agreement. This document may reside on a CENTRAL FILE SERVER or INTRA

2、NET SYSTEM only. Unless specific permission has been granted, this document MAY NOT be sent or given to staff members from other companies or organizations. Doing so would constitute a VIOLATION of SABS copyright rules. 2. Indemnity The South African Bureau of Standards accepts no liability for any

3、damage whatsoever than may result from the use of this material or the information contain therein, irrespective of the cause and quantum thereof. ISBN 978-0-626-20880-6 SANS 11630:2007Edition 1ISO 11630:1997Edition 1SOUTH AFRICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Cranes Measurement of wheel alignment This national

4、 standard is the identical implementation of ISO 11630:1997 and is adopted with the permission of the International Organization for Standardization. Published by Standards South Africa 1 dr lategan road groenkloof private bag x191 pretoria 0001 tel: 012 428 7911 fax: 012 344 1568 international code

5、 +27 12 www.stansa.co.za Standards South Africa SANS 11630:2007 Edition 1 ISO 11630:1997 Edition 1 Table of changes Change No. Date Scope National foreword This South African standard was approved by National Committee StanSA TC 5120.59, Cranes, in accordance with procedures of Standards South Afric

6、a, in compliance with annex 3 of the WTO/TBT agreement. This SANS document was published in November 2007. AReference numberISO 11630:1997(E)INTERNATIONALSTANDARDISO11630First edition1997-12-01Cranes Measurement of wheel alignmentAppareils de levage charge suspendue Mesure de lalignement desgaletsSA

7、NS 11630:2007This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .ISO 11630:1997(E) ISO 1997All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproducedor utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechan

8、ical, including photocopying andmicrofilm, without permission in writing from the publisher.International Organization for StandardizationCase postale 56 CH-1211 Genve 20 SwitzerlandInternet centraliso.chX.400 c=ch; a=400net; p=iso; o=isocs; s=centralPrinted in SwitzerlandiiForewordISO (the Internat

9、ional Organization for Standardization) is a worldwidefederation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work ofpreparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISOtechnical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for whicha technical committee has been es

10、tablished has the right to be representedon that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISOcollaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission(IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardizat

11、ion.Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees arecirculated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an InternationalStandard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies castinga vote.International Standard ISO 11630 was prepared by Technical CommitteeISO/T

12、C 96, Cranes, Subcommittee SC 4, Test methods.Annex A of this International Standard is for information only.SANS 11630:2007This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO ISO 11630:1997(E)1Cranes Measurement of whe

13、el alignment1 ScopeThis International Standard establishes requirements for methods of measuring the alignment of crane wheels inaccordance with ISO 4310, ISO 9373 and ISO 12488-1.The procedures given are based on the use of optical methods for measurement, however this InternationalStandard permits

14、 the use of other methods which ensure at least an equivalent accuracy of measurements.This International Standard applies to measurements on four-wheel cranes which move on rails (except railwaycranes).NOTE Procedures for measurements on cranes with more than four wheels are intended for the next e

15、dition of thisInternational Standard.2 Normative referencesThe following standards contain provisions, which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of thisInternational Standard. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All standards are subject torevision, and

16、parties to agreement based on this International Standard are encouraged to investigate the possibilityof applying the most recent editions of the standards indicated below. Members of IEC and ISO maintain registersof currently valid International Standards.ISO 4310:1981, Cranes Test code and proced

17、ures.ISO 9373:1989, Cranes and related equipment Accuracy requirements for measuring parameters during testing.3 Measurement of the alignment of crane wheels in plan viewThe measurement of the alignment of wheels on cranes should proceed by the following steps:a) select the baseline for the coordina

18、te system;b) establish the geodetic rectangle;c) measure distances from the sides of the geodetic rectangle to the wheels;d) calculate actual deviations of the wheels in plane from the design position.Measurements shall be made in accordance with ISO 4310 and ISO 9373. See also ISO 12488-1.SANS 1163

19、0:2007This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .ISO 11630:1997(E)ISO23.1 Selection of baseline for the coordinate systemTo simplify the calculation of deviations, it is necessary to assume a base coordinate system and takemeasurements i

20、n reference to it.3.1.1 From two select points on the external surface of the crane end-carriage, erect perpendiculars as shown infigure 1.3.1.2 On the perpendicular thus erected from the crane end-carriage, measure off segments Y0of equal length.The theodolite should be positioned so that the direc

21、tion of the collimating ray passes through the ends of thesegments Y0.3.1.3 Taking the location of the theodolite as point O and arbitrary point of the theodolite collimating ray outside thecrane as point R, then O and R will identify the direction of the x axis and serve as a base to establish the

22、geodeticrectangle (see figure 1).3.2 Establishing the geodetic rectangle3.2.1 Based on the points O and R, the geodetic rectangle OPQR is established using the theodolite. The error inlaying out corners of the rectangle should not exceed 6 seconds of arc.Identify the vertices P and Q by correspondin

23、g points as shown in figure 2.3.2.2 Measure distances OP, QR, PQ and OR. Differences in the dimensions (OP-QR) and (PQ-OR) shall notexceeda) for cranes with span S 10 m: 2 + 0,1(S - 10) mm.3.3 Measurement of distances from the sides of the geodetic rectangle to the crane wheels3.3.1 Establish refere

24、nces points corresponding to the crane wheels (see figure 2) and measure distances on thesides OR and PQ of the geodetic rectangle from points O, P, Q and R to the reference points, distances XO, XP, XQand XR.Record the measurements in table 1.3.3.2 Measure distances YO1, YO2, YP1, YP2,YQ1, YQ2, YR1

25、, YR2, DOH, DPH,DQHand DRHfrom each crane wheelas shown in figure 2.Record the measurements in table 1.Table 1 Position of crane wheels in plan viewDimensions in millimetresGeodetic rectangleside dimensionx-axis distanceto wheelsy-axis distance to wheels Reference dimension1)OP PQ QR OR XOXPXQXRYO1Y

26、O2YP1YP2YQ1YQ2YR1YR2DOHDPHDQHDRH1) DOH, DRH, DPHand DQHshall be as large as practical.SANS 11630:2007This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .ISOISO 11630:1997(E)33.4 Calculation of actual deviations of crane wheels in plan view3.4.1 U

27、sing the data in table 1, calculate the angle of deviation (in radians or per thousand) of crane wheels in planusing the equations:ggggOOOOHPPPPH=YYDYYD12 12;ggggQQQQHRRRRH=YYDYYD12 12whereg = + + +YY YYYY YYDDDDOO PP Q1 Q RROH PH QH RH1212 2 123.4.2 Using the data from table 1 and the crane base le

28、ngth B (see figure 4) given in the crane specification,calculate deviations of the crane base, for each side of the crane from the equations:DeB XXDDPQ P QPH QHPQ= +2DeB XXDDOR O ROH RHOR= +23.4.3 Using the data from table 1, calculate the misalignment of the crane wheel planes in plan view from the

29、equations:DFYY Y YPQPP QQ2=+12 12DFYY YYOROO RR2=+12123.4.4 Using the data from table 1, the length of the crane span S and the crane wheel tread width Swgiven in thecrane specification, calculate deviations of the span DS for each pair of crane wheelsSSYY YYSOPOO PPwOP2= +1212SSYY YYSQRRR QQwQR2= +

30、12 123.4.5 Using the data from table 1, calculate the misalignment DN in plan view for a pair of crane wheelsDNXXOP O P=DNXXQR Q R=SANS 11630:2007This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .ISO 11630:1997(E)ISO44 Determination of the alig

31、nment of crane wheels in elevation profile4.1 GeneralFor measurements required to calculate the deviations of crane wheels in elevation profile, use the geodeticrectangle established according to the procedures given in 3.1 and 3.2.Then, proceed with the following steps to determine the deviations o

32、f crane wheels in elevation profile:a) measure distances from the sides of the geodetic rectangle to the crane wheels;b) calculate the actual deviations of crane wheels from the vertical.4.2 Measurement of distances from the sides of the geodetic rectangle to crane wheelsMeasure distances TO1, TO2,

33、TP1, TP2, TQ1, TQ2, TR1, TR2, DOV, DRV, DPVand DQVfrom each crane wheel asshown in figure 3.Record the measurements in table 2.Table 2 Position of crane wheels in elevation profileDimensions in millimetresTO1TO2TP1TP2TQ1TQ2TR1TR2DOVDRVDPVDQV4.3 Calculation of actual deviations of crane wheels from t

34、he vertical in elevation profileUsing the data from table 2, calculate the angles of deviations d (in radians or per thousand) of the crane wheelsfrom the vertical in elevation profile using the equations:ddOOOOVPPPPV=TTDTTD12 12;ddQQQQVRRRRV=TTDTTD12 12;.5 Determination of vertical deviations of cr

35、ane wheels from the horizontal5.1 GeneralBefore taking measurements, the crane should be positioned on a specially aligned section of the crane rails whoselength is not less than that of the crane base and along which the difference in rail height does not exceed 1 mm.In order to determine the verti

36、cal deviations of the crane wheels, proceed as follows:a) raise one side of the crane;b) measure perpendicular distances from the raised wheels to the rail;c) repeat the procedure for other side of the crane;d) calculate the actual vertical deviations of the crane wheels from the horizontal.SANS 116

37、30:2007This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .ISOISO 11630:1997(E)55.2 Procedure to raise one side of the craneRaise one side of the crane as shown in figure 4 so that both wheels on that side are clear of the rail.5.3 Measurement of

38、 distances from the raised wheels to the railThe measuring instrument error shall not exceed 0,1 mm.Measure the perpendicular distances ZOand ZRfrom the rail to the bottom of the respective wheels, as shown infigure 4.After taking measurements, lower the raised side of the crane to its initial posit

39、ion and repeat the procedure for theother side of the crane to determine ZPand ZQ.Record the measurements in table 3.Table 3 Vertical distances from the raised wheels of the crane to the railDimensions in millimetresZOZPZQZR5.4 Calculation of vertical deviations of the crane wheels from the horizont

40、al positionUsing the data from table 3, calculate the deviations of the crane wheels from the horizontal position Dh for eachside of the craneDhZZR O R1=DhZZRPQ2=SANS 11630:2007This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .ISO 11630:1997(E)

41、ISO6Figure 1SANS 11630:2007This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .ISOISO 11630:1997(E)7Figure 2SANS 11630:2007This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .ISO 11630:1997(E)

42、ISO8Figure 3SANS 11630:2007This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .ISOISO 11630:1997(E)9Figure 4SANS 11630:2007This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .ISO 11630:1997(E)ISO10Annex A(informative)Bibliography1 ISO 12488-1:1), Cranes Tolerances for cranes and tracks Travel and transverse Part 1: General._1) To be published. Standards South AfricaSANS 11630:2007This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .