SAE J 2939-2013 SAE Child Passenger Safety Glossary《SAE标准的儿童乘客安全术语表》.pdf

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1、_ SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirely voluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising there

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4、0 (outside USA) Fax: 724-776-0790 Email: CustomerServicesae.org SAE WEB ADDRESS: http:/www.sae.org SAE values your input. To provide feedback on this Technical Report, please visit http:/www.sae.org/technical/standards/J2939_201304 SURFACE VEHICLE INFORMATION REPORT J2939 APR2013 Issued 2013-04 SAE

5、Child Passenger Safety Glossary RATIONALE The rationale of this SAE recommended practice SAE J2939 is to provide a list of terms in the field of child transportation safety including their definitions/description, their common abbreviations (if any), and mandated regulatory Standards (where applicab

6、le). Thus, this glossary should help to clarify and standardize the terms used in the field of child transportation safety NAME Abbreviation SAE Child Passenger Safety Glossary 2010 Links appropriate at time of publication 3-point harness A harness found only on infant-only restraints consisting of

7、shoulder straps coming together at a buckle in the shell or on the crotch strap; not to be confused with 3-point (lap-shoulder) belts. See also Harness types. 5-point harness A CR harness that has a webbing strap over each shoulder, one on each side of the pelvis, and one between the legs, with all

8、five coming together at a common buckle. See also Harness types. Acceleration Acceleration is change of velocity of a body (mass) over time as the result of a force applied to that body. (Deceleration is negative acceleration). Adjustable upper anchorage AUA A system built into the vehicle that rais

9、es or lowers the shoulder belt anchorage to help place and keep the belt crossing the shoulder between the neck and arm. See also Shoulder belt positioner. SAE J2939 Issued APR2013 Page 2 of 25After market accessory A product designed to be used in conjunction with child restraints or vehicle belts

10、for improving comfort, fit, or installation or for providing solutions to issues of child behavior. Most of these are not covered by federal regulations, but some may have been voluntarily tested by their manufacturers under conditions similar to FMVSS 213. If so, the manufacturer should be able to

11、provide test results upon request. However, some test results may be misleading, because available crash dummies are not able to assess abdominal injury potential. (See also Belt-shortening clip, Belt tightener, Harness strap cover, Locking clip, Padded inserts, Shoulder belt positioner. More on thi

12、s topic: Transport Canada, Third-Party Aftermarket Products for Childrens Restraint Systems.) (3/07). Airbag Air bag is a passive restraint system that automatically deploys during a crash to act as a cushion for the occupant. It creates a broad surface on which to spread the forces of the crash, to

13、 reduce head and chest injury. It is considered “supplementary” to the lap/shoulder belts because it enhances the protection the belt system offers in frontal crashes. Also known as SRS supplemental restraint system; SIR supplemental inflatable restraint; SIPS side impact protection system; IC infla

14、table curtain; SIAB side impact air bag. Air bags are stored in the dash board, steering wheel hub, doors, seat back rests, above the side windows between “A” and “D” pillars. They inflate at a very high velocity, so they can be in place in time to be energy-absorbing cushions for adults moving towa

15、rd them in a crash. A rear-facing child restraint in the front seat places the childs head very close to the airbag module, and direct impact from the air bag or housing as the bag deploys has caused over 25 infant deaths. Older children also have been killed or seriously injured by front passenger

16、air bags when they were “out-of-position” or too close to the air bag when it deployed. If a child needs to sit in a position with a frontal-impact air bag, the child least likely to be “out-of-position” should be placed there. This means it would be better to have a properly restrained child in a f

17、orward-facing child restraint in front of an air bag than a child in a belt-positioning booster seat or safety belt. In addition, the vehicle seat should be pushed as far back on the track as possible. In some vehicles where a rear-facing restraint cannot be installed in a rear seat (such as some pi

18、ckup trucks), manufacturers have installed on/off switches for passenger air bags, so they can be deactivated when a rear-facing restraint has been installed. Users must be vigilant to turn the air bag “off” when a rear-facing child is placed there and “on” when an adult passenger is seated there. I

19、n more recent vehicles without adequate rear seating, “smart” air bags have replaced the on/off switches. SAE J2939 Issued APR2013 Page 3 of 25Anchor A common short alternative for anchorage; often used to refer specifically to the hardware installed at the anchorage, as in a retrofit shoulder-belt

20、or tether kit. See also Top tether. Anchor bar A common alternative name for lower anchorage. Anchor point A location identified in a vehicle where anchorage hardware, usually for a retrofitted top tether anchorage, may be installed. Anchorage A strong point and associated hardware in a vehicle to w

21、hich a vehicle belt or LATCH attachment is secured. See Adjustable upper anchorage, Child restraint anchorage system, LATCH anchorage, Lower anchorage, Top tether anchorage. Attachment hardware NHTSA Sec. 571.209 Standard No. 209; Seat belt assemblies: “Attachment hardware means any or all hardware

22、designed for securing the webbing of a seat belt assembly to a motor vehicle.” http:/www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2011-title49-vol6/pdf/CFR-2011-title49-vol6-sec571-209.pdf Automatic locking retractor ALR A vehicle belt retractor that allows the belt to be pulled out initially but locks when the pull-o

23、ut action stops and tension is again applied. The retractor keeps the belt from being pulled out farther until it is fully retracted again. These systems tend to tighten progressively while in use and can be found on older lap belts. Compare with Emergency-locking retractor, Switchable retractor. Ba

24、ck angle The angle of the surface where a childs back will rest when the child is in a CR. (See also Angle on recline). Backless booster See Belt-positioning booster Backless child restraint A type of booster, as defined by FMVSS 213, intended to distribute the loading of a lap belt over a wider are

25、a of the childs body. It is required to be crash tested using only a lap belt and using the head excursion limit of 32 inches. Currently, no boosters of this type are sold in the U.S. Originally, all restraints of this type were shield boosters, which have a seating platform and a structure in front

26、 of the child for restraint. Shield boosters are no longer considered appropriate child restraints, because harnessed child restraints offer better protection for the sizes of children who can use shield boosters (under 40 lb). The Britax Laptop (now discontinued) did not have a boosting platform bu

27、t had a similar-looking shield and was rated for children from 30 to 65 lb. The Laptop is still considered a better choice than a lap belt only for children over 40 lb when shoulder belts are not available in the rear seat. (9/06) NHTSA Sec. 571.213 Standard No. 213; Child restraint System : Backles

28、s child restraint means a child restraint, other than a belt-positioning seat, that consists of a seating platform that does not extend up to provide a cushion for the childs back or head and has a structural element designed to restrain forward motion of the childs torso on impact. . http:/www.gpo.

29、gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2011-title49-vol6/pdf/CFR-2011-title49-vol6-sec571-213.pdf SAE J2939 Issued APR2013 Page 4 of 25Base Part of an infant-only restraint system that only faces the rear of the vehicle or some combination CRS . Traditionally, these Child restraints have had an upper weight limit of 20

30、or 22 lbs, but there are now designs which accommodate infants up to 30 lb and toddlers to more than 40 lb. The base is kept installed in the vehicle, and the shell locks into the base. Some infant seat shells have a handle that can be used to carry the infant outside of the vehicle. Belt NHTSA Sec.

31、 571.209 Standard No. 209; Child restraint System : Seat belt assembly means any strap, webbing, or similar device designed to secure a person in a motor vehicle in order to mitigate the results of any accident, including all necessary buckles and other fasteners, and all hardware designed for insta

32、lling such seat belt assembly in a motor vehicle. http:/www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2011-title49-vol6/pdf/CFR-2011-title49-vol6-sec571-209.pdf Belt-positioning seat or booster BPB NHTSA Sec. 571.213 Standard No. 213; Child restraint System: Belt-positioning seat means a child restraint system that pos

33、itions a child on a vehicle seat to improve the fit of a vehicle Type 2 belt system on the child and that lacks any component, such as a belt system or a structural element, designed to restrain forward movement of the childs torso in a forward impact. http:/www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2011-title49-vo

34、l6/pdf/CFR-2011-title49-vol6-sec571-213.pdf Belt-sensitive retractor See webbing sensitive retractor. Belt-shortening clip A heavy duty clip intended for use to shorten lap belts around a child restraint. Not to be confused with standard or light-weight locking clip that comes with a child safety se

35、at. Must be purchased or ordered from vehicle manufacturer. Use the part number below to order the clip from the dealer parts department. (9/07) Ford - F03Z-5461248-A Toyota - 73119-22010 Nissan - H8010-89970 Belt stretch Belt and harness webbing is a woven material that has a certain amount of “giv

36、e.“ Belts were originally made of nylon, which would stretch about 13% under severe loading by a heavy adult occupant. Newer polyester webbing, used now in virtually all vehicle belts, stretches only about 7%-11% at most. Most child restraint harness webbing is still made of nylon, because it has a

37、softer texture than polyester, but the weight of a child is not enough to make it stretch much, if at all. Lap-belt stretch is also not a big issue for installed child restraints. If belt stretching does occur with a heavy adult, it can provide a small amount of energy absorption, reducing the force

38、 of the belt on the chest by absorbing crash energy, but the trade-off is some increase in head excursion and potential for head contact with the vehicle interior. Front seats, however, are likely to have mechanical load-limiters which limit the belt force on the occupant by allowing additional excu

39、rsion.(see Vehicle belt enhancements). Belt tightener An aftermarket device to wind up excess webbing and hold a fixed length in place. These products are not regulated by FMVSS 213. SAE J2939 Issued APR2013 Page 5 of 25Bight The intersection of the vehicle seat back and bottom cushion (or crack), w

40、here vehicle belts frequently emerge and where LATCH lower anchorages are placed. NHTSA Sec. 571.225 Standard No. 225; Child restraint anchorage systems: Seat bight means the area close to and including the intersection of the surfaces of the vehicle cushion and the seat back. http:/www.gpo.gov/fdsy

41、s/pkg/CFR-20121-title49-vol6/pdf/CFR-2011-title49-vol6-sec571-225.pdf Booster See Backless child restraint, Belt-positioning booster, Combination seat, Shield booster. NHTSA Sec. 571.213 Standard No. 213; Child restraint System : Booster seat means either a backless child restraint system or a belt

42、positioning seat. . http:/www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2011-title49-vol6/pdf/CFR-2011-title49-vol6-sec571-213.pdf Buckle NHTSA Sec. 571.209 Standard No. 209; Seat belt assemblies: Buckle means a quick release connector which fastens a person in a seat belt assembly. http:/www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2011

43、-title49-vol6/pdf/CFR-2011-title49-vol6-sec571-209.pdf Built-in child restraint system NHTSA Sec. 571.213 Standard No. 213; Child Restraint Systems. Built-in child restraint system means a child restraint system that is designed to be an integral part of and permanently installed in a motor vehicle.

44、 http:/www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2011-title49-vol6/pdf/CFR-2011-title49-vol6-sec571-213.pdf Button on lap-shoulder belt webbing Federal regulations require that the safety belt latchplate be in a position where it can be reached easily by the occupant. Some vehicle manufacturers keep the latchplate

45、in this position by placing a plastic button on the lap-shoulder belt webbing that keeps the latchplate from falling down out of reach. Child Restraint (System) CR CRS A general term used in FMVSS 213 for devices designed “to restrain, seat, or position children who weigh 80 lbs or less”. These incl

46、ude rear facing restraints (infant-only, and convertible), forward-facing restraints (convertible, child seat, combination seat), car beds, harnesses, and boosters (belt-positioning and shield). NHTSA Sec. 571.213 Standard No. 213; Child Restraint Systems. Child restraint system means any device exc

47、ept Type I or Type II seat belts, designed for use in a motor vehicle or aircraft to restrain, seat, or position children who weigh 65 pounds or less. http:/www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2011-title49-vol6/pdf/CFR-2011-title49-vol6-sec571-213.pdf Car bed NHTSA Sec. 571.213 Standard No. 213; Child restrai

48、nt System : Car bed means a child restraint system designed to restrain or position a child in the supine or prone position on a continuous flat surface. http:/www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2011-title49-vol6/pdf/CFR-2011-title49-vol6-sec571-213.pdf Car seat A common alternative term for child restraint

49、system, especially when speaking with general audiences; easily confused in written material with “vehicle seat“. SAE J2939 Issued APR2013 Page 6 of 25Carry handle A semi-circular loop of hard plastic that is attached to each side of an infant-only restraint and can be rotated to various positions. It is used to carry the CR outside of the vehicle. Carry handles are only for carrying and do