SAE J 2719-2011 Hydrogen Fuel Quality for Fuel Cell Vehicles《燃料电池驱动车辆氢燃料质量》.pdf

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1、 _ SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirely voluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising ther

2、efrom, is the sole responsibility of the user.” SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be revised, reaffirmed, stabilized, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions. Copyright 2015 SAE International All rights reserved. No part of this

3、publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of SAE. TO PLACE A DOCUMENT ORDER: Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) Tel: +1 724-776-49

4、70 (outside USA) Fax: 724-776-0790 Email: CustomerServicesae.org SAE WEB ADDRESS: http:/www.sae.org SAE values your input. To provide feedback on this Technical Report, please visit http:/www.sae.org/technical/standards/J2719_201511 SURFACE VEHICLE STANDARD J2719 NOV2015 Issued 2005-11 Revised 2011-

5、09 Reaffirmed 2015-11 Superseding J2719 SEP2011 Hydrogen Fuel Quality for Fuel Cell Vehicles RATIONALE J2719 has been reaffirmed to comply with the SAE five-year review policy. SAE INTERNATIONAL J2719 NOV2015 Page 2 of 14 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. SCOPE 3 1.1 Purpose . 3 1.2 Field of Applicability 3 1.3

6、Relationship of SAE Standard to ISO and ASTM Standards 3 2. REFERENCES 3 2.1 Applicable Publications . 3 2.1.1 ASTM Publications 3 2.1.2 EPA Publications . 4 2.1.3 JIS Publications . 4 2.1.4 NIOSH Publication 5 2.1.5 SCAQMD Publication 5 3. DEFINITIONS . 5 4. HYDROGEN QUALITY SPECIFICATION 6 4.1 Thr

7、eshold Limits 6 4.2 Sampling . 7 5. NOTES 9 5.1 Marginal Indicia . 9 APPENDIX A ADDITIONAL DEFINITIONS . 10 APPENDIX B R/Y/G CHART SUPPORTING THE DEVELOPMENT OF SAE 2719 . 11 APPENDIX C RESEARCH PAPERS SUPPORTING THE DEVELOPMENT OF SAE 2719 . 13 TABLE 1 HYDROGEN FUEL QUALITY SPECIFICATION 8 SAE INTE

8、RNATIONAL J2719 NOV2015 Page 3 of 14 1. SCOPE This Standard provides background information and a hydrogen fuel quality standard for commercial proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell vehicles. This Report also provides background information on how this standard was developed by the Hydrogen Quali

9、ty Task Force (HQTF) of the Interface Working Group (IWG) of the SAE Fuel Cell Standards Committee. 1.1 Purpose The purpose of this hydrogen fuel quality standard is to specify hydrogen fuel quality requirements for all commercial hydrogen fueling stations for PEM fuel cell vehicles (FCVs) Hydrogen

10、quality is defined as the quality measured at the dispenser nozzle using a suitable adapter and methodology developed by the ASTM D03 (Gaseous Fuels) Committee. 1.2 Field of Applicability This hydrogen quality standard is applicable to PEM FCVs at the point of interface between the fueling station a

11、nd the vehicle. The specification of hydrogen quality is intended to meet the requirements of FCVs, and will meet or exceed the requirements of ICEVs to the extent that they have been determined. Information considered in the specification of the fuel quality includes: x Applicable standard chemical

12、 analysis methods to quantify the presence of identified H2 impurities x Infrastructure sources of contaminants and cost related to production, distribution, storage and handling of H2 x Fuel cell systems, specifically, levels of contaminants that adversely impact performance and/or durability x On-

13、board hydrogen storage and delivery systems 1.3 Relationship of SAE Standard to ISO and ASTM Standards The content of this standard was coordinated with ISO TC197/WG12 (H2 Fuel Product Specification Working Group) as well as the ASTM D03 (Gaseous Fuels) Committee and is consistent with ISO 14687 Par

14、t2. 2. REFERENCES 2.1 Applicable Publications The following publications define this specification to the extent specified in this Standard. Unless otherwise indicated, the latest versions of publications apply. 2.1.1 ASTM Publications Available from ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, P.O. B

15、ox C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, Tel: 610-832-9585, www.astm.org. ASTM D7550-09 Standard Test Method for Ion Chromatography Based Determination of Cations in Hydrogen and Other Fuel Cell Feed Gases; ASTM D7650-10 Standard Test Method for Sampling of Particulate Matter in High Pressure Hydr

16、ogen used as a Gaseous Fuel with an In-Stream Filter ASTM D7651-10 Standard Test Method for Gravimetric Measurement of Particulate Concentration of Hydrogen Fuel ASTM D7653-10 Standard Test Method for Determination of Ammonia and Trace Water in Hydrogen and Other Gaseous Fuels by Infrared Spectrosco

17、py SAE INTERNATIONAL J2719 NOV2015 Page 4 of 14 ASTM D7649-10 Standard Test Method for Determination of Trace Contaminants in Hydrogen and Related Fuel Cell Feed Gases ASTM D7634-10 Standard test method for microscopic measurement of particulates in hydrogen fuel ASTM D7606-11 Standard Practice for

18、Sampling of High Pressure Hydrogen and Related Fuel Cell Feed Gases ASTM D7652-11 Standard Test Method for Determination of Trace Hydrogen Sulfide, Carbonyl Sulfide, Methyl Mercaptan, and Carbon Disulfide in Hydrogen Fuel by Gas Chromatography and Sulfur Chemiluminescence Detection ASTM D1945-03 Sta

19、ndard Test Method for Analysis of Natural Gas by Gas Chromatography ASTM D7675-11 Determination of Total Hydrocarbons (C1 basis) in Hydrogen by Total Hydrocarbon Analyzer (THC) 2.1.2 EPA Publications Available from EPA/NSCEP, P.O. Box 42419, Cincinnati, OH 45249-0419, Tel. 800-490-9198, www.epa.gov/

20、ncepihom/ordering. EPA Method T012 Listing Background Document for the Chlorinated Aliphatics Listing Determination (Final Rule) EPA Method T015 Hazardous Air Pollutant Emissions for Miscellaneous Coating Manufacturing EPA Method 200.7 Determination of Metals and Trace Elements in Water and Wastes b

21、y Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emissions Spectrometry EPA Method 11 Determination of Hydrogen Sulfide Content of Fuel Gas Streams in Petroleum Refineries EPA 625/R-96/010A Compendium of Methods for the Determination of Toxic Organic Compounds in Ambient AirSecond Edition EPA Method 5i Determina

22、tion of Low Level Particulate Matter Emissions 2.1.3 JIS Publications Available from Japanese Standards Association, 4-1-24 Akasaka Minato-ku, Tokyo 107-8440, Japan, Tel: +81-3-3583-8005, www.jsa.or.jp. JIS K0101:1998 Testing Methods for Industrial Water JIS K0114:2000 General Rules for Gas Chromato

23、graphic Analysis JIS K0123:1995 General Rules for Analytical Methods in Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry JIS K0124:2002 General Rules for High Performance Liquid Chromatography JIS K0127:2001 General Rules for Ion Chromatographic Analysis JIS K0225:2002 Testing Methods for Determination of Trace

24、 Components in Diluent Gas and Zero Gas JIS K0804:1998 Gas Detector Tube Measurement System (Length-of-Stain Type) SAE INTERNATIONAL J2719 NOV2015 Page 5 of 14 2.1.4 NIOSH Publication Available from National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Tel: 800-356-4674, www.cdc.gov/niosh. NIOSH 25

25、41:1994 Formaldehyde by GC 2.1.5 SCAQMD Publication Available from South Coast Air Quality Management District, 21865 Copley Drive, Diamond Bar, CA 91765, Tel: 909-396-2000, www.aqmd.gov. SCAQMD Method 301-91 Identification of Particles by Microscopy 3. DEFINITIONS Hydrogen fuel as defined in this S

26、tandard consists of hydrogen gas and trace impurities. The impurities consist of both inert and reactive contaminants. Inert contaminants, generally, do not permanently affect the performance of a fuel cell. Inert contaminants may affect the performance of the fuel cell system including hydrogen sto

27、rage tanks, regulators etc. Reactive contaminant effects can be reversible, partially reversible or irreversible in their impact on the performance and/or life of the fuel cell. Additional related definitions are noted in Appendix A. 3.1 CONSTITUENT A component compound or element found within a hyd

28、rogen fuel mixture 3.2 CONTAMINANT An impurity that adversely affects the components within the fuel cell system or the hydrogen storage system by reacting with its components or that reduces the energy content of the fuel through dilution. An adverse effect can be reversible or irreversible. 3.3 DI

29、LUENT An impurity that reduces the concentration of hydrogen, and may be a contaminant or non-reactive in nature. 3.4 FUEL CELL SYSTEM A power system producing electrical energy which typically includes the fuel cell stack, equipment for air processing, fuel processing, thermal management, water man

30、agement, and the balance of plant. 3.5 HYDROGEN FUEL INDEX The hydrogen fuel index is the value obtained when the amount of aggregate impurities, as, expressed as percent (Pmole/Pmole), is subtracted from 100%. 3.6 INERT GAS Non-reactive gases such as argon, helium, krypton, neon, radon, and xenon.

31、3.7 IMPURITY A non-hydrogen constituent in hydrogen fuel. SAE INTERNATIONAL J2719 NOV2015 Page 6 of 14 3.8 IMPURITY LIMIT The concentration limit of each specific impurity analyzed in a hydrogen fuel. Impurity limits are designated in micromoles per mole of fuel (mol/mol) with the exception of parti

32、culates, which are designated by mass concentrations (milligrams per kilogram of hydrogen fuel). 3.9 PARTICULATE A solid or aerosol particle that may be entrained or introduced in the production, storage, delivery, or use of hydrogen fuel. Particulates are specified by mass concentration (milligrams

33、 per kilogram of fuel). 3.10 SUBLIMATE An impurity that may undergo a phase-change from solid to gaseous state in the production, delivery, storage or use, of hydrogen fuel. 3.11 TRACER An easily detected inert substance introduced into a fuel stream. 3.12 THRESHOLD LIMITS The concentration threshol

34、d level of each specific impurity analyzed in a hydrogen fuel. Thresholds are designated in micromoles per mole of fuel (mol/mol) with the exception of particulates, which are designated by size (in micrometers) and mass concentrations (milligrams per kilogram of hydrogen fuel. 4. HYDROGEN QUALITY S

35、PECIFICATION Development of this standard is based upon consideration of technical presentations given to and discussions with the IWG by industry, universities and other organizations, such as NEDO/JARI, DOE national laboratories, CaFCP, U.S. Fuel Cell Council (USFCC) and ASTM International. The hy

36、drogen quality specification resulting from consensus agreement between the various stakeholders is shown in Table 1, Hydrogen Quality Specification. Particulate concentration should be minimized to avoid contamination, clogging, and erosion of fuel system components. The fuel should be processed wi

37、th a filter rated at 10 micron nominal (i.e., 98% efficiency) particle size. 4.1 Threshold Limits The limits in Table 1 were derived by consensus by national and academic laboratories whose work was sponsored by the Japanese government through NEDO and the US government through DoE EERE. Appendix B

38、gives guidance on the rationale for selecting the compounds listed in the table. Appendix C lists the papers that supplied the test data supporting the various limits. The analytical methods listed in Table 1 are not intended for use as process control or field verification methods. They are intende

39、d for uses a resource in for the generation of process equipment calibration gases, field sampling methodology validation and as a method for resolving third party disputes. It is expected that process control and field verification methodology will evolve under the leadership of the fuel providers

40、and applicable federal and state agencies. Some constituents are listed in terms of family of compounds associated with the total accepted threshold limit per family, as well as example constituents in the particular family. The list is not intended to be totally inclusive. Although there may be mor

41、e (or less) speciation per each family, the data presented here reflect the current knowledge of constituents of concern. SAE INTERNATIONAL J2719 NOV2015 Page 7 of 14 The analytical methods and limits of detection contained in Table 1 are based on available ASTM Standards or upon ASTM Standards docu

42、mented as under development. Although for many constituents the public analytic techniques satisfy the requirements for testing hydrogen fuel used in demonstration projects, hydrogen sold commercially is likely to require lower contaminant detection than has been validated for these methods. The lim

43、its for constituents in Table 1 are the same as the detection limits in some cases. As a result these constituents will require methods with detection limits validated one or more orders of magnitude below the listed limits. Subsequent revisions of this standard may include additional constituents a

44、s supported by data. In addition, the constituent list addresses a wide range of constituents not all of which are expected to be present in every source of hydrogen. Requirements for filtering of particulate matter from the fuel stream are contained in fueling dispenser construction documents (e.g.

45、, CSA HGV 4.1. ISO 20100). Total hydrocarbons on a C1 basis is a methodology where total carbon is calculated and all of the hydrocarbons are assumed to have only a single carbon atom. Therefore, if the total carbon on a C1 basis calculates out to 1 mole hydrocarbon/mole of hydrogen and the hydrocar

46、bon was methane (CH4), there would be 1 mole of methane/mole of hydrogen. However, if the hydrocarbon were benzene (C6H6), 1 mole hydrocarbon/mole of hydrogen calculates out to 0.17 mole benzene/mole of hydrogen. Alternative commercially accepted analytical methods may be used if they are suitable t

47、o detect the impurity at or below the limit and the seller and the buyer (or the Authority Having Jurisdiction) concur. These requirements are a reflection of the current level of published knowledge on this topic. Limits will be revised as additional information on long-term impacts and mechanisms

48、of fuel cell impact are explored and understood. Test methodology will be updated as it becomes available from ASTM. 4.2 Sampling It is recommended that samples taken to determine the gaseous components in Table 1 conform to ASTM D7606-11. It is also recommended that samples taken to determine the p

49、articulates in Table 1 conform to ASTM D7650-10. Alternative commercially accepted sampling methods may be used if they are suitable for the task and the seller and buyer (or the Authority Having Jurisdiction) concur. SAE INTERNATIONAL J2719 NOV2015 Page 8 of 14 TABLE 1 - HYDROGEN FUEL QUALITY SPECIFICATION x Units are mol/mol unless otherwise specified x All limits are subject to revision after additional