SAE J 2530-2016 Aftermarket Wheels - Passenger Cars and Light Truck - Performance Requirements and Test Procedures.pdf

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1、_ SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirely voluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising there

2、from, is the sole responsibility of the user.” SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be revised, reaffirmed, stabilized, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions. Copyright 2016 SAE International All rights reserved. No part of this p

3、ublication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of SAE. TO PLACE A DOCUMENT ORDER: Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) Tel: +1 724-776-497

4、0 (outside USA) Fax: 724-776-0790 Email: CustomerServicesae.org SAE WEB ADDRESS: http:/www.sae.org SAE values your input. To provide feedback on this Technical Report, please visit http:/www.sae.org/technical/standards/J2530_201604 SURFACE VEHICLE RECOMMENDED PRACTICE J2530 APR2016 Issued 2004-03 Re

5、vised 2016-04Superseding J2530 NOV2009 Aftermarket Wheels - Passenger Cars and Light Truck - Performance Requirements and Test Procedures RATIONALE The marking stamp size was reduced by 0.2mm to match the DOT size. The marking includes rim size designation which adds the rim profile to the currently

6、 stated rim diameter and rim width. THE LARGEST OVERALL DIAMETER OF AN INSTALLED TIRE (CURRENTLY AN OPTIONAL MARKING) WAS DELETED. The wheel supplier defintions were added to include the added Importer of record, Remanufacturer, Vehicle manufacturer, and Wheel manufacturer, producer, or fabricator.

7、Added minimum performance requirement to the definitions and added Kinstler SAE paper on the science and methodology of SAE Wheel fatigue test specifications. The test termination for the rotary fatigue test (section 6.5e) was clarified to provide wording to show repeated lug bolt failures are a rea

8、son for test termination and that the cause can be investigated and if not caused by the wheel, then the test can be invalidated. 1. SCOPE This SAE Recommended Practice provides performance, sampling, and certifying requirements, test procedures, and marking requirements for aftermarket wheels inten

9、ded for normal highway use on passenger cars, light trucks, and multipurpose passenger vehicles. For aftermarket wheels on trailers drawn by passenger cars, light trucks or multipurpose vehicles, see SAE J1204. These performance requirements apply only to wheels made of materials included in Table 1

10、 and Table 2. New nomenclature and terms are added to clarify wheel constructions typically not used in OEM applications. The testing procedures and requirements are based on SAE standards listed in the references. 2. REFERENCES 2.1 Applicable Documents The following publications form a part of this

11、 specification to the extent specified herein. Unless otherwise indicated, the latest issue of SAE publications shall apply. 2.1.1 SAE Publications Available from SAE International, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) or +1 724-776-4970 (outsi

12、de USA), www.sae.org. SAE J175 Wheels - Impact Test Procedures - Road Vehicles SAE J179 Labeling - Disc Wheels and Demountable Rims - Trucks SAE J328 Wheels - Passenger Car and Light Truck Performance Requirements and Test Procedures SAE INTERNATIONAL J2530 APR2016 Page 2 of 8 SAE J1204 Wheels - Rec

13、reational and Utility Trailer Test Procedure SAE J1982 Nomenclature - Wheels for Passenger Cars, Light Trucks, and Multipurpose Vehicles SAE paper 2005-01-1826 The science and methology of SAE wheel fatigue test specifications by John Kinstler 2.1.2 Tire and Rim Association Publication Available fro

14、m Tire and Rim Association, 175 Montrose West Avenue, Suite 150, Copley, OH 44321. Yearbook, The Tire and Rim Association, Inc. 2.2 Relationship of SAE Standard to ISO Standard The following ISO standards provide test specifications for wheels which are comparable to this standard. ISO 3006:1995 Roa

15、d Vehicles - Passenger Car Wheels for road use - Test Methods ISO 7141:1995 Passenger cars-Light alloy wheels-Impact test ISO 3894:1995 Commercial vehicles- Wheels/Rims - Test Methods 3. DEFINITIONS 3.1 AFTERMARKET WHEEL The classification used for wheels generally designed for fitment to multiple v

16、ehicle applications that may be sold to the general public subsequent to the initial purchase of such vehicles. Aftermarket wheels are sold as an intended replacement of OEM wheels provided for said vehicles. 3.2 FUNCTIONAL FASTENER A connection device such as a bolt, rivet or wire spoke used to joi

17、n together the individual components of the wheel assembly. 3.3 LUG BOLT/NUT Hardware designed for securing the wheel to the vehicle. 3.4 OFFSET The inset, zeroset or outset of the wheel as defined in SAE J1982 Figure 3 (noted in mm). 3.5 WHEEL LOAD The maximum load rating of the wheel as specified

18、by the wheel manufacturer and shall be no less than one-half of the vehicle static load of the heaviest axle (as specified by the vehicle manufacturer) of any vehicle for which the wheel is intended (as determined by the wheel manufacturer) 3.6 IMPORTER OF RECORD U.S. Customs term for the entity res

19、ponsible for (1) ensuring the imported goods comply with local laws and regulations, (2) filing a completed duty entry and associated documents, and (3) paying the assessed import duties and other taxes on those goods. 3.7 REMANUFACTURER An identifiable and unique company that reworks or modifies an

20、 existing wheel including (1) refinishing, (2) subassembly, or (3) repairing to install back on a vehicle SAE INTERNATIONAL J2530 APR2016 Page 3 of 8 3.8 VEHICLE MANUFACTURER An identifiable and unique company, which manufactures and retails on-road vehicles (fitted with original wheel and tire asse

21、mblies) under the companys brand name(s) 3.9 WHEEL MANUFACTURER, PRODUCER, OR FABRICATOR An identifiable and unique company producing a vehicle wheel from raw material into a final product with a unique part number and ready to be installed on a vehicle 3.10 WHEEL SUPPLIER An identifiable and unique

22、 company selling wheels to the market using a specific design with a unique code, marking, and under a proprietary brand. Wheel supplier also applies as a general term to reference companies fulfilling any definitions per items 3.6 to 3.9 3.11 MINIMUM PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENT A wheel design that meet

23、s or exceeds the pairing of test factor and cycle requirements in Tables 1 and 2 should have acceptable field performance in its intended service. The cycle requirements associated with 7 samples in Tables 1 and 2 represent historical, non-statistical, minimum performance requirements. Pairings of t

24、est factor and cycle requirements for sample sizes less than 7 represent equivalent confidence and reliability 4. WHEEL MARKINGS Wheels that comply with this specification must be permanently marked with the following information. The characters shall be legible and the character size shall not be l

25、ess than 3.0 mm high and impressed to a depth from the wheel surface or, at the option of the wheel manufacturer, embossed to a height from the wheel surface of not less than 0.125 mm. 4.1 Wheel suppliers name, trademark, symbol or brand. 4.2 Date of manufacture of the wheel, indicating the month an

26、d year, which may be either coded or specifically indicated. 4.3 Wheel suppliers part number or code. 4.4 Country of manufacture. 4.5 Rim size designation Rim diameter, width, offset and rim profile (e.g. 16 x 7J IS44 for a 16 diameter, 7 wide, J profile and 44 inset wheel). 4.6 The manufacturers wh

27、eel load rating as established by design validation testing to this specification expressed in lbs or kg. 4.7 The symbol “DOT”, constituting a certification by the manufacturer that the rim complies with all applicable motor vehicle safety standards. Following the symbol, “DOT”, a designation which

28、indicates the source of rims published nominal dimensions as follows: “T” indicates The Tire and Rim Association, Inc. “E” indicates The European Tyre and Rim Technical Organisation “J” indicates Japan Automobile Tyre Manufacturers Association, Inc. “D” indicates Deutsche Industrie Norm SAE INTERNAT

29、IONAL J2530 APR2016 Page 4 of 8 “B” indicates British Standards Institution “S” indicates Scandinavian Tire and Rim Organization “A” indicates Tyre and Rim Association of Australia 4.8 “SAE J2530” may be cast in, stamped on, or labeled on wheels that conform to this specification. 4.9 If the wheel m

30、anufacturer recommends restricting wheel use with certain types of tires then the finished wheel must be permanently marked with the restriction, for example “Not for Use with Radial Tires” (only required if tire restriction). 5. WHEEL QUALIFICATION When possible, test samples must pass through all

31、of the processes to duplicate the effects and/or characteristics of the final product. 5.1 Test Sample Selection Test samples shall be representative of wheels produced or to be produced. 5.2 Sample Size for Tests The sample size for the Dynamic Cornering fatigue test (Section 6) are shown in Table

32、1 and for the Dynamic Radial fatigue test (Section 7) are shown in Table 2.The sample size shown is between 2 and 7 wheels with the appropriate minimum cycles requirements for that sample size. The cycles are based on the material fatigue curves and use Weibull statistics with a reliability of 90%,

33、a confidence level of 50%, and a beta (slope) of 2. Any combination is acceptable as long as the minimum cycles for all sample wheels are reached. The sample size for the Impact test (Section 8) is 2 wheels. 5.3 Retest and Additional Model Variation Requirements Changes in either, style, diameter, m

34、aterial, increase in wheel load rating, cross sectional dimensions, maximum tire diameter, offset, functional fasteners, or production processes which could affect wheels life will require retesting. For wheels that vary only in finish, it is required to test the wheel with the greatest potential fo

35、r non-compliance. For wheels that vary only in width and offset, it is required to test the model variations with the mathematically highest bending moment and include test samples per Section 5 with the largest bolt circle and test samples per Section 5 with the smallest bolt circle and least numbe

36、r of lug holes. 5.4 Inspection of Test Samples Visual inspection for crack identification shall be executed via corrected 20/20 vision without optical assistance. Dye penetrant inspection for crack verification is recommended, however is not mandatory. 5.5 Acceptance Criteria Wheels conform to the s

37、pecification if they meet the acceptance criteria for the testing specified in Sections 4, 6,7, and 8. SAE INTERNATIONAL J2530 APR2016 Page 5 of 8 6. DYNAMIC CORNERING FATIGUE 6.1 Performance Requirements The test wheels, when submitted to the following test procedures, shall meet or exceed the mini

38、mum performance requirement as specified in Table 1. 6.2 Equipment See SAE J328. 6.3 Procedure See SAE J328. 6.4 Bending Moment Calculate the bending moment (Force x Load Arm Length) to be applied to the test wheel as follows. M = W (RP + d) S (Eq. 1) Where: W=Load rating of the wheel as specified b

39、y the wheel manufacturer. R=One half of the largest overall diameter of the tires to be used on the wheel as specified by the current Tire and Rim Association yearbook or the vehicle/wheel manufacturer. P=Coefficient of friction developed between the tire and the road. Use P = 0.7. d=The inset or ou

40、tset of the wheel (offset): use positive sign for inset and negative sign for outset. S=Load factor See Table 1. Use one of the factors for the type of wheel being tested. NOTE: When calculating the bending moment, all units of measurement must be of the same system. 6.5 Test Criteria/Test Terminati

41、on 6.5.1 Acceptance Criteria The wheel conforms to this test if all the elements of wheel qualification in Section 5 are used and the samples under test must complete the minimum number of test cycles for the sample size used without termination. 6.5.2 Test Termination Terminate the test when any of

42、 the following conditions occur. a. Wheel exceeds the initial deflection at point of load application by 20%. b. A visually detected crack penetrating through a section of the wheel in the base metal or propagation of any existing fracture/crack resulting in a fatigue crack penetrating through any s

43、ection of the wheel at the minimum cycles for the sample size used specified as in Table 1. Inspection should be done at the minimum cycles for the sample size used in Table 1. Cracking in the wheel finish alone shall not be the basis for finding a test termination. c. One or more lug nuts loosening

44、 to less than 60% of the initial torque at the minimum cycles for the sample size used as specified in Table 1. If loosening is due to broken wheel bolts, studs or nuts see 6.5.2e. Inspection should be done at the minimum cycles for the sample size used as specified in Table 1. SAE INTERNATIONAL J25

45、30 APR2016 Page 6 of 8 d. Break or crack of a functional fastener. e. First instance of broken lug bolts or other parts of the test fixture do not require test termination but may result in damage to the wheel and test invalidation. Broken lug bolts shall not be replaced more than once per test. All

46、 bolts should be replaced if lug bolts are replaced. If necessary the test shall be terminated and the wheel retested or replaced and retested. 7. DYNAMIC RADIAL FATIGUE 7.1 Performance Requirements The test wheels, when submitted to the following test procedures, shall meet or exceed the minimum pe

47、rformance requirement as specified in Table 2. 7.2 Equipment See SAE J328. 7.3 Procedure See SAE J328. 7.4 Radial Load The radial load to be applied to the wheel shall be determined as follows. F = WK (Eq. 2) Where: F=Radial load. W=Load rating of the wheel as specified by the wheel manufacturer. K=

48、Load factor See Table 2. Use one of the factors for the type of wheel being tested. NOTE: When calculating the radial load, all units of measurement must be of the same system. 7.5 Test Criteria/Test Termination 7.5.1 Acceptance Criteria The wheel conforms to this test if all the elements of wheel q

49、ualification in Section 5 are used and the samples under test must complete the minimum number of test cycles without termination. SAE INTERNATIONAL J2530 APR2016 Page 7 of 8 7.5.2 Test Termination Terminate the test when any of the following conditions occur. a. Inability of the wheel to sustain the test load. b. A visually detected crack penetrating through a section of the wheel in the base metal or propagation of any