SAE J 1994-2015 Laboratory Testing of Vehicle and Industrial Heat Exchangers for Heat Transfer and Pressure Drop Performance.pdf

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1、 _ SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirely voluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising ther

2、efrom, is the sole responsibility of the user.” SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be revised, reaffirmed, stabilized, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions. Copyright 2015 SAE International All rights reserved. No part of this

3、publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of SAE. TO PLACE A DOCUMENT ORDER: Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) Tel: +1 724-776-49

4、70 (outside USA) Fax: 724-776-0790 Email: CustomerServicesae.org SAE WEB ADDRESS: http:/www.sae.org SAE values your input. To provide feedback on this Technical Report, please visit http:/www.sae.org/technical/standards/J1994_201509 SURFACE VEHICLE RECOMMENDED PRACTICE J1994 SEP2015 Issued 1995-07 R

5、evised 2015-09 Superseding J1994 AUG2008 Laboratory Testing of Vehicle and Industrial Heat Exchangers for Heat Transfer and Pressure Drop Performance RATIONALE This document has been reviewed and revised by adding several clarifying statements to Section 4. 1. SCOPE This SAE Recommended Practice is

6、applicable to all heat exchangers used in vehicle and industrial cooling systems. This document outlines the tests to determine the heat transfer and pressure drop performance under specified conditions. This document has been reviewed and revised by adding several clarifying statements to Section 4

7、. 1.1 Purpose This document is to provide a test guideline for determining the heat transfer and pressure drop performance of a heat exchanger under specified testing conditions. 1.2 Objective To determine and document the heat transfer and pressure drop characteristics of a heat exchanger. This doc

8、ument describes a system to flow fluids through the heat exchanger at specified rates and temperatures, and describes and recommends the instrumentation and the procedure for documenting the results. The procedure may be varied to match existing equipment and methods. 2. REFERENCES 2.1 Applicable Do

9、cuments The following publications form a part of this specification to the extent specified herein. Unless otherwise indicated, the latest issue of SAE publications shall apply. SAE INTERNATIONAL J1994 SEP2015 Page 2 of 11 2.1.1 SAE Publications Available from SAE International, 400 Commonwealth Dr

10、ive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) or +1 724-776-4970 (outside USA), www.sae.org. SAE J1393 Heavy Duty Vehicle Cooling Test Code SAE J1468 Oil Cooler Application Testing and Nomenclature SAE Paper 890227 Prediction of Heat Transfer Performance of a Heat Exchang

11、er Based on Test of a Small Sample 3. FACILITY REQUIREMENTS The facility should provide the following as required: 3.1 Source capable of delivering the fluids to the test unit at a specified temperature, pressure, and flow. 3.2 Means of moving these fluids to and from the test unit in a specified ma

12、nner. 3.3 A test system adequate to contain the test unit and control the flow and temperatures of the fluids as specified. In addition to the proposed instrumentation, the instrument accuracy for specific flow domain and operating temperature should be specified. Instrumentation and equipment may i

13、nclude, but not be limited to, the following: a. Air flow rate instrumentation b. Automatic data logging equipment c. Fluid flow rate meters d. Heater and controls e. Humidity measuring equipment f. Pressure measuring instrumentation g. Pump and motor with controls h. Reservoir i. Safety features as

14、 specified by regulatory codes and common practices j. Temperature indicators k. Thermocouples l. Valves as required m. Various ducting, piping, hoses, and fittings 3.4 Each facility will have a calibration protocol. 3.5 Each facility will have a test start-up protocol that ensures, among other thin

15、gs, that the facility temperature profiles are stable in advance of data collection. 4. TESTING (NOT NECESSARILY IN THE FOLLOWING ORDER) 4.1 Install test unit as specified. 4.2 Start heaters and heat fluids to specified temperature. SAE INTERNATIONAL J1994 SEP2015 Page 3 of 11 4.3 Start pumps and ad

16、just flows and pressures as specified. 4.4 Ensure conditions are stable before recording data. 4.5 Read and record inlet and outlet temperatures and mass flow rates for fluids. Calculate the differences in temperature, multiply the differences by the mass flow rates (taking into account corrections

17、for relative humidity if necessary), and specific heats of each to obtain heat transfer capacity. Air flow rates should be calculated or corrected using air density at standard conditions. 4.6 If the heat transfer capacity of the fluids are within 3% of each other, record the data and continue. (Thi

18、s may be difficult to obtain when one fluid has a small temperature change.) 4.7 Read and record pressure drop of each fluid. It is recommended to use one transducer to determine the pressure drop to reduce instrumentation error. 4.8 Change test parameters and repeat steps 4.4, 4.5, 4.6, and 4.7 as

19、specified. 5. TEST PROCEDURES (SEE APPENDIX A FOR SPECIFIC PROCEDURES) 5.1 Liquid-to-Gas (e.g., radiator) (See Figures A1A and A1B.) 5.2 Liquid-to-Liquid (e.g., shell/tube) (See Figures A2A and A2B.) 5.3 Gas-to-Liquid (e.g., jacket water, aftercooler) (See Figures A3A and A3B.) 5.4 Gas-to-Gas (e.g.,

20、 air-to-air aftercooler) (See Figures A4A and A4B.) 6. THIS DOCUMENT IS VALID FOR LABORATORY PERFORMANCE TESTING AND COMPARISON. It is recommended that a full-size heat exchanger be tested, if possible. If this is not possible, then it is recommended that the test results from the test heat exchange

21、r be extrapolated to the full-size heat exchanger as recommended in SAE Paper 890227 and the results be reported for the full size. Any correlation to field results must be developed on an individual basis (see SAE J1393, J1468 and J2414 for details of field and application testing). 7. NOTES 7.1 Ma

22、rginal Indicia A change bar (l) located in the left margin is for the convenience of the user in locating areas where technical revisions, not editorial changes, have been made to the previous issue of this document. An (R) symbol to the left of the document title indicates a complete revision of th

23、e document, including technical revisions. Change bars and (R) are not used in original publications, nor in documents that contain editorial changes only. PREPARED BY THE SAE COOLING SYSTEMS STANDARDS COMMITTEE SAE INTERNATIONAL J1994 SEP2015 Page 4 of 11 APPENDIX A Customer Part Number: Manufactur

24、er Part Number: Test Date Tested By: Test Number: Core Type Core Size: Core Construction: TEST DATAITEM CRITERIA UNITS 1 2 3 4 5 MEASURED VALUES A Hot Liquid Flow Rate kg/min (lb/min) B Hot Liquid Inlet Temperature C (F) C Hot Liquid Outlet Temperature C (F) D Hot Liquid Inlet Pressure kPa (psia) E

25、Hot Liquid Outlet Pressure kPa (psia) F Cooling Gas Flow Rate kg/min (lb/min) G Cooling Gas Inlet Temperature C (F) H Cooling Gas Outlet Temperature C (F) I Cooling Gas Inlet Pressure (static) Pa (psia) J Cooling Gas Outlet Pressure (static) Pa (psia) K Barometric Pressure kPa (inches Hg) CALCULATED

26、 VALUES L Hot Liquid Temperature Differential (B-C) M Hot Liquid Pressure Differential (D-E) N Cooling Gas Temperature Differential (H-G) O Cooling Gas Pressure Differential (a differential pressure transducer may be substituted) (I-J) P Heat Exchanger Effectiveness (Hot Side) (L/X) Q Average Hot Li

27、quid Inlet and Outlet Temperature C (F) R Average Hot Liquid Specific Heat kJ/kgK (Btu/lbR) S Average Cooling Gas Inlet and Outlet Temperature C (F) T Average Cooling Gas Specific Heat kJ/kgK (Btu/lbR) U Hot Side Heat Transfer (adheres to heat transfer formula: Q = m*Cp*dT) (A x R x L) V Cooling Sid

28、e Heat Transfer (adheres to heat transfer formula: Q = m*Cp*dT) (F x T x N) W Heat Transfer Balance (V/U) x 100 X Inlet Temperature Differential (B-G) Y Average Heat Transfer Per ITD (V+U)/2)/X Z Heat Transfer Per Average Temperature (V+U)/2)/(Q-G) AA Cooling Air Density kg/m (lb/ft) BB Face Velocit

29、y (at standard conditions) Figure A1A - Liquid-to-gas heat exchanger test data (reference 5.1) SAE INTERNATIONAL J1994 SEP2015 Page 5 of 11 Figure A1B - Liquid-to-gas (e.g., radiator) heat transfer test loop (reference 5.1) SAE INTERNATIONAL J1994 SEP2015 Page 6 of 11 Customer Part Number: Manufactu

30、rer Part Number: Test Dae Tested By:Test Number: Core Type reSize:Core Construction: TEST DATA ITEM CRITERIA UNITS 1 2 3 4 5 MEASURED VALUES A Hot Liquid Flow Rate kg/min (lb/min) B Hot Liquid Inlet Temperature C (F) C Hot Liquid Outlet Temperature C (F) D Hot Liquid Inlet Pressure kPa (psia) E Hot

31、Liquid Outlet Pressure kPa (psia) F Cooling Liquid Flow Rate kg/min (lb/min) G Cooling Liquid Inlet Temperature C (F) H Cooling Liquid Outlet Temperature C (F) I Cooling Liquid Inlet Pressure kPa (psia) J Cooling Liquid Outlet Pressure kPa (psia) CALCULATED VALUES K Hot Liquid Temperature Differenti

32、al (B-C) L Hot Liquid Pressure Differential (D-E) M Cooling Liquid Temperature Differential (H-G) N Cooling Liquid Pressure Differential (I-J) O Heat Exchanger Effectiveness (Hot Side) (K/W) P Average Hot Liquid Inlet and Outlet Temperature C (F) Q Average Hot Liquid Specific Heat kJ/kgK (Btu/lbR) R

33、 Average Cooling Liquid Inlet and Outlet Temperature C (F) S Average Cooling Liquid Specific Heat kJ/kgK (Btu/lbR)T Hot Side Heat Transfer (adheres to heat transfer formula: Q = m*Cp*dT) (A x Q x K) U Cooling Side Heat Transfer (adheres to heat transfer formula: Q = m*Cp*dT) (F x S x M) V Heat Trans

34、fer Balance (U/T) x 100 W Inlet Temperature Differential (B-G) X Average Heat Transfer Per ITD (U+T)/2)/W Y Heat Transfer Per Average Temperature (U+T)/2) / (P-G) Figure A2A - Liquid-to-liquid heat exchanger test data (reference 5.2) SAE INTERNATIONAL J1994 SEP2015 Page 7 of 11 Figure A2B - Liquid-t

35、o-liquid (e.g., shell/tube) heat transfer test loop (reference 5.2) SAE INTERNATIONAL J1994 SEP2015 Page 8 of 11 Customer Part Number: Manufacturer Part Number: TestDaeTested By: Test Number: Core Type reSize:Core Construction: TEST DATA ITEM CRITERIA UNITS 1 2 3 4 5 MEASURED VALUES A Hot Gas Flow R

36、ate kg/min (lb/min) B Hot Gas Inlet Temperature C (F) C Hot Gas Outlet Temperature C (F) D Hot Gas Inlet Pressure (static) Pa (psia) E Hot Gas Outlet Pressure (static) Pa (psia) F Cooling Liquid Flow Rate kg/min (lb/min) G Cooling Liquid Inlet Temperature C (F) H Cooling Liquid Outlet Temperature C

37、(F) I Cooling Liquid Inlet Pressure kPa (psia) J Cooling Liquid Outlet Pressure kPa (psia) CALCULATED VALUES K Hot Gas Temperature Differential (B-C) L Hot Gas Pressure Differential (may substitute pressure differential transducer) (D-E) M Cooling Liquid Temperature Differential (H-G) N Cooling Liqu

38、id Pressure Differential (I-J) O Heat Exchanger Effectiveness (Hot Side) (K/U) P Average Hot Gas Specific Heat kJ/kgK (Btu/lbR) Q Average Coolant Specific Heat kJ/kgK (Btu/lbR) R Hot Side Heat Transfer (adheres to heat transfer formula: Q = m*Cp*dT) (A x P x K) S Cooling Side Heat Transfer (adheres

39、to heat transfer formula: Q = m*Cp*dT) (F x Q x M) T Gas Density Recovery Efficiency (D-L)/D) x (G/C) NOTE-D, G, and C are all absolute terms U Inlet Temperature Differential (B-G) Figure A3A - Gas-to-liquid heat exchanger test data (reference 5.3) SAE INTERNATIONAL J1994 SEP2015 Page 9 of 11 Figure

40、 A3B - Gas-to-liquid (e.g., jwac) heat transfer test loop (reference 5.3) SAE INTERNATIONAL J1994 SEP2015 Page 10 of 11 Customer Part Number: Manufacturer Part Number: Test Dae Tested By:Test Number: Core Type reSize:Core Construction: TEST DATA ITEM CRITERIA UNITS 1 2 3 4 5 MEASURED VALUES A Hot Ga

41、s Flow Rate kg/min (lb/min)B Hot Gas Inlet Temperature C (F) C Hot Gas Outlet Temperature C (F) D Hot Gas Inlet Pressure Pa (psia) E Hot Gas Outlet Pressure Pa (psia) F Cooling Gas Flow Rate kg/min (lb/min) G Cooling Gas Inlet Temperature C (F) H Cooling Gas Outlet Temperature C (F) I Cooling Gas In

42、let Pressure Pa (psia) J Cooling Gas Outlet Pressure Pa (psia) CALCULATED VALUES K Hot Gas Temperature Differential (B-C) L Hot Gas Pressure Differential (may substitute differential pressure transducer) (D-E) M Cooling Gas Temperature Differential (H-G) N Cooling Gas Pressure Differential (may subs

43、titute differential pressure transducer) (I-J)O Heat Exchanger Effectiveness (Hot Side) (L/V) P Average Hot Gas Specific Heat kJ/kgK (Btu/lbR) Q Average Coolant Specific Heat kJ/kgK (Btu/lbR) R Hot Side Heat Transfer (adheres to heat transfer formula: Q = m*Cp*dT) (A x Q x L) S Cooling Side Heat Tra

44、nsfer (adheres to heat transfer formula: Q = m*Cp*dT) (F x R x N) T Gas Density Recovery Efficiency (D-M)/D) x (G/C) NOTE-D, G, and C are all absolute terms U Inlet Temperature Differential (B-G) Figure A4A - Gas-to-gas heat exchanger test data (reference 5.4) SAE INTERNATIONAL J1994 SEP2015 Page 11 of 11 Figure A4B - Gas-to-gas (e.g., ataac) heat transfer test loop (reference 5.4)