SAE J 1756-2006 Determination of the Fogging Characteristics of Interior Automotive Materials《内部汽车材料的防雾性能测定》.pdf

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1、 SURFACE VEHICLE RECOMMENDED PRACTICE (R) Determination of the Fogging Characteristics of Interior Automotive Materials SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirely vo

2、luntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising therefrom, is the sole responsibility of the user.” SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be reaffirmed, revised, or cancelled. SAE invites your

3、 written comments and suggestions. Copyright 2006 SAE International All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written p

4、ermission of SAE. TO PLACE A DOCUMENT ORDER: Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) Tel: 724-776-4970 (outside USA) Fax: 724-776-0790 Email: CustomerServicesae.org SAE WEB ADDRESS: http:/www.sae.org Issued 1994-12 Revised 2006-08 Superseding J1756 DEC1994 J1756 REV. AUG20061. Scope 1.1 This recom

5、mended practice describes two methods for determining the tendency of interior materials used in automobiles and other vehicles to (a) produce a light scattering deposit (fog) on a glass surface, or (b) produce a measurable deposit (mass) on aluminum foil. 1.2 This document is applicable to the meas

6、urement of a fog condensate on glass or aluminum foil surfaces within the limits of the test conditions. 1.3 It is the responsibility of the user of this document to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to its use. 1.4 R

7、ationale This document has been edited for the following reasons: to eliminate redundancy, to commonize terminology, to consolidate methodology, eliminate specimen weighing in the gravimetric procedure, and to eliminate references to specific equipment suppliers per SAE policy. 2. References 2.1 App

8、licable Publications The following publications form a part of this specification to the extent specified herein. 2.1.1 ASTM PUBLICATIONS Available from ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, Tel: 610-832-9585, www.astm.org. ASTM D 523Standard Test Method for Specular Gloss A

9、STM D 883Standard Terminology Relating to Plastics ASTM D 1125Standard Test Methods for Electrical Conductivity and Resistivity of Water ASTM D 1600Standard Terminology for Abbreviated Terms Relating to Plastics Copyright SAE International Provided by IHS under license with SAENot for ResaleNo repro

10、duction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-SAE J1756 Revised AUG2006 - 2 - 2.1.2 ISO PUBLICATION Available from ANSI, 25 West 43rd Street, New York, NY 10036-8002, Tel: 212-642-4900, www.ansi.org. ISO 2813Paints and VarnishesDetermination of specular gloss of non-metallic paint fil

11、ms at 20 degrees, 60 degrees and 85 degrees 2.2 Related Publications The following publications are provided for information purposes only and are not a required part of this document. 2.2.1 DIN PUBLICATION Available from Deutsches Institut fr Normung e.V., Burggrafenstrasse 6, 10787 Berlin, Germany

12、, www.din.de. DIN 75-201Determination of the Windscreen Fogging Characteristics of Materials in Motor Vehicles 2.2.2 BSI PUBLICATION Available from British Standards Institution, Customer Services, 389 Chiswick High Road, London W4 4AL, United Kingdom, Tel: +44-0-20-8996-9001, www.bsi-. BS AU 168Det

13、ermination of the Windscreen Fogging Characteristics of Organic Trim Materials in Motor Vehicles 2.2.3 ISO PUBLICATION Available from ANSI, 25 West 43rd Street, New York, NY 10036-8002, Tel: 212-642-4900, www.ansi.org. ISO/DIS 6452Rubber- or plastic-coated fabricsDetermination of fogging characteris

14、tics of trim materials in the interior of automobiles 2.2.4 JASO PUBLICATION Available from Japanese Automobile Standards Organization, 10-2, Gobancho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0076, Japan, Tel: +81-3-3262-8211, www.jsae.or.jp. JASO M313-88Standard Methods for the Testing of Automotive Vinyl and Leathe

15、r (fogging method is included in the set of standards) 3. Definitions Definitions are in accordance with ASTM D 883 and abbreviations with ASTM D 1600, unless otherwise indicated. Copyright SAE International Provided by IHS under license with SAENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted

16、without license from IHS-,-,-SAE J1756 Revised AUG2006 - 3 - 3.1 Fog Fog is an undesirable light-scattering deposit (fine particulate, oily material, and/or water condensation droplets) on the interior glass surface of a vehicle. 3.2 Fog Number When using the photometric method, the quotient, expres

17、sed as the average of the 60 degree reflectance values of a glass plate with fogging deposits and the average of the 60 degree reflectance values of the same glass plate without fogging deposits, multiplied by 100. 3.3 Fog Mass When using the gravimetric method, the difference between the weight in

18、grams of the aluminum foil and condensate after testing, and the original weight of the clean foil. 4. Apparatus and Materials Required Suitable equipment, supplies, and training materials can be obtained from the sources listed in Appendix C. 4.1 Fog Test Units A controlled heating unit with multip

19、le chambers and with a typical temperature range from 60 C to 120 C. Cooling of the glass plate for each beaker in the unit is required with a typical temperature range from 20 C to 40 C. The heating unit and the cooling system must be able to maintain the temperatures to within 0.5 C. The cooling p

20、lates, which are laid upon the glass plates, should apply a weight of approximately 1 kg to ensure an adequate seal with the beaker. 4.2 Glass Plates Float glass plates 3 mm 0.2 mm thick must be used. Glass plates for 400 mL beakers must be at least 83 mm x 102 mm. Glass plates for the 1000 mL beake

21、rs must be at least 110 mm x 110 mm. The glass must have the tin and non-tin surfaces identified. The tin and non-tin surfaces of the glass plates can be identified by viewing the surfaces in a darkened room under a UV light at 254 nm wavelength. The tin surface will fluoresce (have a white/yellow h

22、ue) when it is exposed to the UV light. The non-tin surface will have a blue/purple hue when it is exposed to UV light. The tin surface shall be engraved for identification purposes. The non-tin surface is the test surface and faces the sample during the test. A new glass plate must be used for each

23、 test. 4.3 Beakers Berzelius tall-form beakers (400 mL or 1000 mL capacity without pouring spout) are acceptable. The top of the beaker shall have a flat portion to accept the annular seal. Copyright SAE International Provided by IHS under license with SAENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking

24、permitted without license from IHS-,-,-SAE J1756 Revised AUG2006 - 4 - 4.4 Metal Rings Rings having a uniform weight and made of stainless steel or another inert material with a diameter to fit inside of the beaker may be used. The metal ring prevents solid test specimens from curling and producing

25、non-uniform heating. The approximate dimensions and weights of the rings are 51 mm 0.7 mm ID; 57 mm OD and 38 g 2 g for 400 mL beakers and 73 mm 1 mm ID; 79 mm OD and 55 g 2 g for 1000 mL beakers. 4.5 Annular Seals Silicone rubber seals, as recommended by the manufacturer, with a diameter to match t

26、he beaker rim must be used. The seals must be inspected before each use. If they are not soft and pliable or if they have cracks or voids, they are unacceptable and should be discarded. 4.6 Diisodecyl Phthalate (DIDP) Diisodecyl phthalate (DIDP) may be used as an internal laboratory performance guid

27、e. 4.7 Glossmeter When performing the photometric method, a suitable 60 degree glossmeter (gloss reflectometer) meeting the requirements of ASTM D 523 (Section 6.2), or ISO 2813 must be used. 4.8 Black Matte Surface When performing the photometric method, the black matte surface the glass plates are

28、 placed upon to obtain gloss readings shall have a specular reflectance reading of less than 0.5 gloss units when measured with the 60 degree glossmeter. 4.9 Measuring Template (Optional) When performing the photometric method, a template constructed from acrylic (or equivalent) may be used to preci

29、sely position the glossmeter on the glass plate. Refer to DIN 75-201 for detailed information. If a measuring template is used, a notation must be made on the Data Report (Appendix A). 4.10 Microscope (when required) A suitable microscope with a 40 to 100 X magnification may be used to view the fog

30、residue on the glass plate with the photometric method. 4.11 Analytical Balance When weighing foils for the gravimetric method, a suitable analytical balance capable of weighing accurately to five places beyond the decimal point or a minimum accuracy of 0.00001 g is required. Copyright SAE Internati

31、onal Provided by IHS under license with SAENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-SAE J1756 Revised AUG2006 - 5 - 4.12 Aluminum Foil When using 400 mL beakers, use 80 mm 2 mm diameter by 0.02 mm 0.01 mm thick foil disks. When using 1000 mL beakers, use 103

32、 mm 2 mm diameter by 0.02 mm 0.01 mm thick foil disks. The foil disks must be smooth and free of creases. 4.13 Mechanical Laboratory Dishwasher A mechanical laboratory dishwasher having a deionized water rinse and steam cycle is required. 4.14 Detergent Non-foaming laboratory detergent for mechanica

33、l laboratory dishwashers must be used. 4.15 Cotton Cloth A laboratory quality, lint free cotton cloth is recommended for wiping the cooling plates on the fog test unit. 4.16 Purified Water Dishwashing water shall have a quality of 20 S/cm (S = Siemens) at 25 C maximum conductivity as outlined in AST

34、M D 1125. 4.17 Forceps and/or Tweezers Forceps and/or tweezers must be used to handle the samples, annular seals, foil disks, and stainless steel rings. 4.18 Sample Disk Cutter A hydraulic cutting press and circular dies or other suitable cutting equipment. 4.19 Calibrated Timer Used where timing is

35、 required. 4.20 Denatured Ethyl Alcohol (90% Ethyl Alcohol - 5% Methyl Alcohol - 5% Isopropyl Alcohol or Equivalent) Used to clean the cooling plates. 4.21 Data Reports A form for recording all pertinent data is located in Appendix A (Photometric Method) and B (Gravimetric Method). An equivalent ele

36、ctronic form can be created, if desired. Copyright SAE International Provided by IHS under license with SAENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-SAE J1756 Revised AUG2006 - 6 - 5. Equipment Cleaning Procedure 5.1 All beakers, glass plates, stainless steel

37、 rings, forceps, and annular seals must be cleaned and dried in a mechanical laboratory dishwasher as described in this section prior to use, even if they are new. 5.1.1 If the beakers are dirty from a previous test (either on the outside from the circulating fluid and/or on the inside from liquid o

38、r paste samples), they must be hand-washed with laboratory detergent prior to being placed in the dishwasher. 5.2 The following dishwasher cycle is recommended for cleaning the annular seals, stainless steel rings, beakers, forceps, and glass plates: 5.2.1 Pre-wash (5 min.), Wash (8 min.), Steam (10

39、 min.), Main wash (35 min.), 1st rinse (5 min.), 2nd rinse (5 min.), 3rd rinse (12 min.), Deionized water rinse (10 min.) and Dry (30 min.) for a total of 120 minutes. 5.2.2 Set the control panel to achieve the following cycle: heavy wash, steam action, final rinse with purified water, and heated dr

40、y cycle. 5.2.3 The temperature of the water must be a minimum of 49 C. 5.2.4 Deionized water is required for the final rinse. 5.3 New glass plates must be washed prior to use. The glass plates must be positioned vertically in a rack without touching each other. After washing, the glass plates may on

41、ly be handled on the edges. 5.4 After washing, annular seals and stainless steel rings should only be handled with forceps. Beakers should only be handled on the outside. 5.5 After removing the beakers from the dishwasher, place them open side up and allowed to equilibrate in the standard atmosphere

42、 for at least 30 minutes prior to use. Beakers should be placed open side down if they are going to be stored prior to use. 5.6 Wipe the cooling plates on the fog test unit with a cotton cloth moistened with ethyl alcohol, then wipe with a dry cotton cloth to remove any contamination/condensation th

43、at may be present. 6. Sample Preparation and Conditioning 6.1 Test specimens should not be handled with bare hands or even with gloved hands. Rather, test specimens should be handled with clean forceps to avoid the possibility of contamination and introduction of additional variability to the test.

44、6.2 Prior to testing, all test specimens are to be conditioned in a controlled atmosphere of 21 C 2 C and 50% 5% relative humidity for a minimum of 24 h, or until moisture equilibrium is obtained. Copyright SAE International Provided by IHS under license with SAENot for ResaleNo reproduction or netw

45、orking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-SAE J1756 Revised AUG2006 - 7 - 6.2.1 Alternatively, desiccation of the test specimens prior to testing may be required by agreement between contractual parties. Refer to DIN 75-201. 6.3 Using a hydraulic cutting press and circular die, or other suitable

46、 cutting technique, cut three test specimens from each sample of material or component (or as specified by contractual parties) that are the appropriate diameter to fit inside the beakers of the fog test unit. The thickness shall not be greater than 50 mm. For components with irregular surfaces, cut

47、 several pieces to make up the required test size. 6.3.1 The diameter of the test specimens shall be 80 mm 2 mm when using 1000 mL beakers and 58 mm 2 mm when using 400 mL beakers. 7. Photometric Procedure 7.1 In this procedure, the test specimen is heated in a beaker assembly in a fog testing unit.

48、 The fog is collected on a glass plate and the fog number is determined by measuring the difference in gloss value before and after testing. 7.2 Equilibrate the fog testing unit a minimum of 30 minutes prior to use. 7.2.1 Operate the fog testing unit according to the manufacturers instructions. Test

49、 parameters (heating time and temperatures and post-conditioning times) are per contractual agreement. 7.2.2 The heating temperature should be 100 C 0.5 C and the cooling plate temperature 21 C 0.5 C for a duration of 3 h 0.05 h, followed by 1 h 0.05 h of conditioning at 21 C 2 C and 50% 5% RH, unless otherwise prescribed by contract