SAE J 1281-2016 Operator Sound Pressure Level Exposure Measurement Procedure for Powered Recreational Craft.pdf

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1、_ 6$(7HFKQLFDO6WDQGDUGV%RDUG5XOHVSURYLGHWKDW7KLVUHSRUWLVSX EOLVKHGE6$(WRDGYDQFHWKHVWDWHRIWHFKQLFDODQGHQJL neering sciences. The use of this report is entirely voluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising therefrom, LVWKHVROHUHVSRQ

2、VLELOLWRIWKHXVHU SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be revised, reaffirmed, stabilized, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions. Copyright 2016 SAE International All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced,

3、stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of SAE. TO PLACE A DOCUMENT ORDER: Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) Tel: +1 724-776-4970 (outside USA) Fax: 724-776-0

4、790 Email: CustomerServicesae.org SAE WEB ADDRESS: http:/www.sae.org SAE values your input. To provide feedback on this Technical Report, please visit http:/www.sae.org/technical/standards/J1281_201611 SURFACE VEHICLE STANDARD J NOV2016 Issued 1979-11 Revised 2016-11 Superseding J1281 AUG2009 Operat

5、or Sound Pressure Level Exposure Measurement Procedure for Powered Recreational Craft RATIONALE Review this standard and compare with changes to the ISO standard 14509-1, where the standard craft definitions originated. The table in 6.1 was updated to reflect the latest version of ISO 14509-1 1. SCO

6、PE This SAE Standard establishes the procedure for determining the operator duty cycle sound pressure level Lodc to which operators of powered recreational craft up to 24 m in length are exposed during typical operation as determined by marine engine duty cycle studies. This document describes the i

7、nstrumentation, the required calibration procedures, the test site, WKHVSHFLILFDWLRQVIRUVWDQGDUGFUDIWWKHFUDIWRSHUDWLQJFRQGLWLRQVPLFURS KRQHSRVLWLRQLQJWHVWSURFHGXUHHQJLQHVSHHGs for each of the Duty Cycle modes and the formula and table for calculating the Duty Cycle operator ear sound pressure level.

8、 This document is subject to change to keep pace with technical advances as well as other international standards and practices. Changes in this Revision: The sound pressure level measurements performed while applying this document are based on the Five-Mode Marine Engine Duty Cycle instead of a sin

9、gle engine speed. A calculation is required to obtain the Duty Cycle operator ear sound pressure level (Lodc). Provisions for type testing are provided along with specifications for Standard Craft. SAE INTERNATIONAL - NOV2016 Page 2 of 7 2. REFERENCES 2.1 Applicable Documents The following publicati

10、ons form a part of this specification to the extent specified herein. Unless otherwise indicated, the latest issue of SAE publications shall apply. 2.1.1 IEC Publications Available from IEC Central Office, 3, rue de Varembe, P.O. Box 131, CH-1211 Geneva 20, Switzerland, Tel: +41 22 919 02 11, www.ie

11、c.ch. IEC 61672-1 Electroacoustics - Sound Level Meters - Part 1 Specifications IEC 61672-2 Electroacoustics - Sound Level Meters - Part 2 Pattern Evaluation Tests IEC 60942 Electroacoustics - Sound Calibrators 2.1.2 ISO Publications Copies of these documents are available online at http:/webstore.a

12、nsi.org/ ISO 8178-4 Reciprocating internal combustion engines - Exhaust emission measurement - Part 4: Steady-state test cycles for different engine applications ISO 8665 Small craft - Marine propulsion reciprocating internal combustion engines - Power measurements and declarations ISO 8666 Small cr

13、aft - Principal data 2.1.3 ANSI Publications Copies of these documents are available online at http:/webstore.ansi.org/ ANSI S1.4 Specification for Sound Level Meters 2.2 Related Publications The following publications are provided for information purposes only and are not a required part of this SA

14、E Technical Report. 2.2.1 SAE Publications Available from SAE International, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) or +1 724-776-4970 (outside USA), www.sae.org. SAE J34 Exterior Sound Level Measurement Procedure for Pleasure Motorboats SAE J197

15、0 Shoreline Sound Level Measurement Procedure for Recreational Motorboats SAE J2005 Stationary Sound Level Measurement Procedure for Recreational Motorboats SAE Technical Paper 901596 Duty Cycle for Recreational Marine Engines SAE INTERNATIONAL - NOV2016 Page 3 of 7 2.2.2 ASA Publications Available

16、from Acoustical Society of America, http:/asa.aip.org, or from ANSI, 25 West 43rd Street, New York, NY 10036-8002, Tel: 212-642-4900, www.ansi.org. ANSI S1.1 Acoustical Terminology ANSI S1.13 Measurement of Sound Pressure Levels in Air 2.2.3 ICOMIA Publications Available from International Council o

17、f Marine Industry Associations, Brigande Pironlaan 132, B-1080 Brussels, Belgium, . IMEC 17 F/05 Standard Boat Concept Sound Level Test Report 3. INSTRUMENTATION 3.1 7KH LQVWUXPHQWDWLRQ VVWHP LQFOXGLQJ PLFURSKRQHV DQG FDEOHV VKDOO EH XVH G DFFRUGLQJ WR WKH PDQXIDFWXUHUVspecifications and shall meet

18、the requirements for a Type 1 instrument as specified by ANSI Standard S1.4 and/or IEC 61672-1. 3.2 A microphone wind screen that does not affect the overall reading by more than 0.5 dBA 3.3 A sound level calibrator as specified by IEC 60942. 3.4 A wind speed anemometer 3.5 An engine speed tachomete

19、r which is accurate to within 50 rpm. 4. INSTRUMENTATION CALIBRATION 4.1 The overall acoustic performance of the instrumentation shall be checked according to the instructions of the manufacturer with a sound level calibrator at the beginning and at the end of each series of measurements and not les

20、s than the beginning and end of each measurement day. 4.2 At time intervals no longer than 2 years the sound level meter shall undergo laboratory verification for compliance with ANSI S1.4 and/or IEC 61672-1. The date of the last verification of compliance with the relevant standard shall be recorde

21、d. 4.3 The calibrator used for calibration of the sound level meter shall undergo laboratory verification with traceability to a primary standards laboratory every year. 5. TEST SITE Measurements shall be performed on a flat, calm body of water, in the absence of precipitation, large enough to allow

22、 full speed runs. The background sound pressure level with the engine not operating (including wind effects) shall be at least 10 dB lower than the measured level of the craft being tested. SAE INTERNATIONAL - NOV2016 Page 4 of 7 6. STANDARD CRAFT SPECIFICATIONS FOR TYPE TESTS FOR OUTBOARD MOTORS 6.

23、1 Any series production craft with a V-hull shape meeting the dimensional, mass and operating characteristics given in the following table may be used as a standard craft. Table 1 - Standard craft specifications for outboard motors Declared Propeller Shaft Power (According to ISO 8665) of the Outboa

24、rd Motor Under Test (kW) Length of Hull (According to ISO 8666) (m) Mass Without Engine (kg) P 6 3.8 135 3 4.2 220 3 4.7 400 3 15 5,5 800 115 3 6.2 1100 3 7.5 1650 6.2 A variation of 20 % is allowed in the dimensional characteristics (length of hull and maximum beam as given in the above table) and

25、a variation of 25% is allowed in the mass of the craft. In addition, the craft shall have no unusual FRYHUVRUHWHQVLRQVEHKLQGWKHWUDQVRPZKLFKFRXOGDIIHFWWKHVRXQGSUHVVXUHOHYHODWWKHRSHUDWRUVHDU 7. STANDARD CRAFT SPECIFICATIONS FOR TYPE TESTS FOR STERNDRIVES WITH INTEGRAL EXHAUST SYSTEMS 7.1 Any series pr

26、oduction craft with a V-hull shape meeting the dimensional, mass and operating characteristics given in the following table may be used as a standard craft. Table 2 - Standard craft specifications for petrol engines Declared Propeller Shaft Power (According to ISO 8665) of the Sterndrive with Integr

27、al Exhaust Under Test (kW) Length of Hull (According to ISO 8666) (m) Mass with Engine (kg) P 78 5,0 700 3 5,8 1600 3 7,0 1900 3 7,7 2200 3 8,7 2600 Table 3 - Standard craft specifications for diesel engines Declared Propeller Shaft Power (According to ISO 8665) of the Sterndrive with Integral Exhau

28、st Under Test (kW) Length of Hull (According to ISO 8666) (m) Mass with Engine (kg) P 78 6,0 1200 3 7,0 1950 3 7,5 2500 3 8,5 2800 3 9,5 3800 SAE INTERNATIONAL - NOV2016 Page 5 of 7 7.2 A variation of 20% is allowed in the length of the hull and 25% is allowed for the mass of the craft. In addition,

29、 the craft shall have no unusual covers or extensions behind the transom which could affect the sound pressure level at WKHRSHUDWRUVHDU 7.3 Sterndrives with integral exhaust systems shall be fitted in the boat according to the manufaFWXUHUVVSHFLILFDWLRQVNo modifications on series production craft, s

30、uch as applying additional absorbing components or trim tabs are permitted. 8. OPERATING CONDITION OF THE POWERED RECREATIONAL CRAFT 8.1 For type testing, craft with the power units installed inboard (e.g., inboards, sterndrives and sailboats) shall be tested with standard craft or as sold. For type

31、 testing, outboard motors and sterndrives with integral exhaust systems shall EHWHVWHGRQVWDQGDUGFUDIWDVVSHFLILHGLQFODXVHRU 8.2 For monitoring tests all craft shall be tested with motors as installed. This may be equivalent to the type test in many cases. 8.3 Propeller equipped propulsion systems sha

32、ll be tested with a standard propeller. The pitch of the propeller shall be such that at full throttle, the declared engine speed (4%) is achieved in the steady state with the standard craft traveling in a straight line on calm water. If the declared engine speed (RPM) cannot be obtained with the av

33、ailable propellers, then it is allowed to modify the pitch and/or diameter of the standard propeller to achieve the correct declared engine speed. For controllable pitch propellers the pitch shall be fixed in the position required to obtain the declared engine speed at full throttle. 8.4 Jet pump eq

34、uipped propulsion systems shall be tested with a standard impeller. The pitch of the impeller shall be such that at full throttle, the declared engine speed (4%) is achieved in the steady state with the standard craft traveling in a straight line on calm water. If the declared engine speed (RPM) can

35、not be obtained with the available impellers, then it is allowed to modify the pitch and/or diameter of the standard impeller as well as the cross sectional area of the standard pump outlet nozzle to achieve the correct declared engine speed. 8.5 In the case of engines without a speed governor the d

36、eclared engine speed shall be the mid-point of the full throttle speed range recommended by the manufacturer for propeller/impeller selection. In the case of engines with speed governors the declared engine speed shall be the governed speed specified by the manufacturer. 8.6 For propulsion systems w

37、hich are equipped with adjustable trim, the trim angle shall be adjusted so that the propeller/impeller thrust is parallel to the surface of the water within 2 when the craft is stationary in the loaded test condition, hereafter referred to as level trim, for all test conditions. 8.7 Measurements sh

38、all be performed on calm water and in the absence of precipitation. In situations where the wind exceeds 16 km/h (10 mph) the accuracy of the data is enhanced by taking the data while operating the craft in a down-wind direction. 8.8 Boats sold with convertible tops should be tested with the top dow

39、n, since measurements taken with the top up are found to be inconsistent and spatially dependent. 9. MICROPHONE POSITION 9.1 For boats with an open cabin the measurements shall be performed with a free-field microphone positioned horizontally, oriented towards the stern of the craft and positioned o

40、n the inboard side of the operators head, at a distance of 250 mm from the plane of the vertical centre line of the operators head and in the plane of the operators HDU,QWKHHYHQWWKDWWKHRSHUDWRUVVWDWLRQLVZLWKLQDQHQFORVHGFDELQDUDQGRP LQFLGHQFHPLFURSKRQH shall be used. 9.2 The operator shall be in a se

41、ated position during the measurements if a seat is provided. Any observer present to read the meter shall position himself such that any influence on the measured sound pressure level is avoided. SAE INTERNATIONAL - NOV2016 Page 6 of 7 9.3 For craft with multiple operator stations, measurements shal

42、l be taken at all stations. The highest sound pressure level shall be reported. 10. TEST PROCEDURE 10.1 The engine speed (r/min. or rpm) shall be as stated in ISO 8178-4 (test cycle types E4 and E5) for the five modes as the following percentages of the declared speed; Table 4 - E4 and E5 five mode

43、duty cycles Duty Cycle E4 E5 Mode 1 Idle Idle Mode 2 40% 63% Mode 3 60% 80% Mode 4 80% 91% Mode 5 100% 100% 10.2 The meter shall be set for slow response and the A-weighting network. 10.3 The meter shall be observed while the craft proceeds in a straight line. When the sound pressure level reading s

44、tabilizes within 1 dB, determine the central tendency of the readings to the nearest 0.5 dB. This reading is the sound pressure level to be recorded for each engine speed. 11. CALCULATION OF THE OPERATOR EAR DUTY CYCLE SOUND LEVEL Lodc 11.1 For spark ignition propulsion systems input the measured so

45、und levels Lodc in each i th mode into the following table and perform the calculations indicated in 11.3. Table 5 - Five mode measurement - E4 duty cycle i % of rated rpm Lodci Time Fraction - ti 1 Idle 0.4 2 40 0.25 3 60 0.15 4 80 0.14 5 100 0.06 11.2 For compression ignition propulsion systems input the measured sound levels Lodci in each i th mode into the following table and perform the calculat