SAE J 1063-2013 Cantilevered Boom Crane Structures - Method of Test《悬臂式起重机结构的测试方法》.pdf

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1、_ SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirely voluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising there

2、from, is the sole responsibility of the user.” SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be revised, reaffirmed, stabilized, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions. Copyright 2013 SAE International All rights reserved. No part of this p

3、ublication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of SAE. TO PLACE A DOCUMENT ORDER: Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) Tel: +1 724-776-497

4、0 (outside USA) Fax: 724-776-0790 Email: CustomerServicesae.org SAE WEB ADDRESS: http:/www.sae.org SAE values your input. To provide feedback on this Technical Report, please visit http:/www.sae.org/technical/standards/J1063_201306 SURFACE VEHICLE STANDARD J1063 JUN2013 Issued 1974-01 Revised 2013-0

5、6Superseding J1063 NOV1993 Cantilevered Boom Crane Structures - Method of Test RATIONALE This revision will provide editorial corrections to the latest published version and changes the application requirements of SAE Test 5. Additionally, a test requirement to strain gage test the maximum rated loa

6、d for jib / fly attachments is being added. 1. SCOPE This SAE Standard applies to mobile, construction-type lifting cranes of the cantilever boom type (Figure 1). Questions and comments regarding application or interpretation of the provisions in this test method should be referred to the originatin

7、g SAE Committee. 11.1 Purpose The purpose of this test method is to provide a systematic, nondestructive procedure for determining the stresses induced in cantilevered boom crane structures under specified conditions of static loading through use of resistance-type electric strain gages, and to spec

8、ify appropriate stress levels for specified loading conditions. Further, a 25% overload test is included to prove the overall structural integrity of the structure. 1Chairman, Subcommittee SC31, ORMTC, Society of Automotive Engineers, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001. SAE J1063 Revi

9、sed JUN2013 Page 2 of 232. REFERENCES 2.1 Applicable Documents The following publications form a part of this specification to the extent specified herein. Unless otherwise indicated, the latest issue of SAE, ASTM, or other mentioned publications shall apply. 2.1.1 ASTM Publication Available from AS

10、TM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, P.O. Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, Tel: 610-832-9585, www.astm.org ASTM E 251 Standard Test Methods For Performance Characteristics of Metallic Bonded Resistance Strain Gages 2.2 Other Publications Joseph Marin, “Mechanical Behavior of Engineeri

11、ng Materials,“ Englewood, N. J.: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1962 “Guide to Design Criteria for Metal Compression Members,“ Column Research Council, Cushion Mallory, Inc., Ann Arbor, Michigan, 1960 3. DEFINITIONS 3.1 STRAIN (g72) Deformation of material caused by weight and applied loading, quantitatively

12、stated as unit change from an original dimension in meters per meter (m/m) or inches per inch (in/in). SAE J1063 Revised JUN2013 Page 3 of 23FIGURE 1 - TYPICAL CONSTRUCTION-TYPE CRANES SAE J1063 Revised JUN2013 Page 4 of 233.2 STRESS (S) The intensity of internal force accompanying strain, expressed

13、 in pascals (Pa) or pounds per square inch (psi). For purposes of this test method, stress is related to measured strain by the uniaxial stress equation: S = E g72 (Within the proportional limit) (Eq 1) where: S = stress, Pa (psi) E = modulus of elasticity, Pa (psi) for the material involved (see 10

14、.5) ;#23#23#23g72 = strain gage reading, m/m (in/in) NOTE: The simple uniaxial stress formula can be insufficiently accurate for some areas of crane structures under biaxial stress and special consideration should be given in such cases. (See 10.1.1). 3.3 Yield Point (Sy) The stress at which a dispr

15、oportionate increase in strain occurs, without a corresponding increase in stress. For purposes of this code, yield point is to be considered as the minimum yield point or yield strength specified by the appropriate standard or by manufacturer for the material used. 3.4 Critical Buckling Stress (Scr

16、) The average stress which produces an incipient buckling condition in column type members. (See 10.3.2). 3.5 Initial Reference Test Condition The defined no stress or zero stress condition of the crane structure after “break-in” (see 8.3) as established by: a. Supporting the structure on blocking t

17、o minimize the effects of gravity; or b. The crane structure components in an unassembled state, or any alternate method that will establish the zero stress condition. Under this condition, the initial reference reading for each gage is obtained, N1. 3.6 Dead Load Stress Condition The completely ass

18、embled crane structure on the test site, in the specified position or attitude, ready to accept or pick up the specified live load. Under this condition the second reading for each gage is obtained, N2. NOTE: In determining N2, the weight of hook, block, slings, etc., is considered as live load and

19、should be resting on the ground or supported by a structure other than the crane. 3.7 Dead Load Stress (S1) The stress computed as defined in 3.2, by using the difference in the readings obtained in 3.6 and 3.5 for each gage, (N2- N1). 3.8 Live Load Stress Condition The completely assembled crane st

20、ructure on the test site, in the specified position or attitude, supporting the specified live load. Under this condition the third reading for each gage is obtained, N3. SAE J1063 Revised JUN2013 Page 5 of 233.9 Live Load Stress (S2) The stress computed as defined in 3.2, by using the difference in

21、 the readings obtained in 3.8 and 3.6 for each gage, (N3- N2). 3.10 Resultant Stress (Sr) The maximum stress induced in the structure as a result of dead load stress (S1) or the algebraic sum of dead load stress (S1) and live load stress (S2), whichever is greater. 3.10.1 Resultant Average Stress (S

22、ra) The direct compression stress in a column or the average stress computed from the several gages loaded at the section. (See 10.3.2.) 3.10.2 Resultant Maximum Stress (Srm) The maximum compression stress in a column computed from the plane of buckling, as established from the several gages located

23、 at the section. (See 10.3.2.) 3.11 Loadings The application of weights or forces of a magnitude specified under the test conditions. 4. SYMBOL NOMENCLATURE SUMMARY DL = dead load stress, Pa (psi) E = modulus of elasticity, Pa (psi) G = modulus of rigidity (shear), Pa (psi) JL = jib length, m (ft) K

24、 = effective length factor for column L = unsupported length of column, m (in) Lb = length of boom, m (ft) Lj1 = length of jibs or extensions, m (ft) Lj2 = length of additional jibs or extensions, m (ft) LL = live load stress, Pa (psi) n1= strength margin, Class I area, ratio of yield strength to re

25、sultant or equivalent stress n2= strength margin, Class II area, ratio of yield strength to resultant or equivalent stress n3= strength margin (derived from an interaction relationship) in Class III areas N1= gage reading at initial reference test condition (zero stress condition) N2= gage reading a

26、t dead load stress condition N3= gage reading at live load stress condition SAE J1063 Revised JUN2013 Page 6 of 23r = radius of gyration of cross section, mm (in) RR = rated radius, m (ft) RL = rated load, kg (lb) S = stress, Pa (psi) S1= dead load stress, Pa (psi) S2= live load stress, Pa (psi) Scr

27、= computed critical buckling stress for axially loaded compression elements, Pa (psi) SL = side load, kg (lb) SLL = side load, left, kg (lb) SLR = side load, right, kg (lb) Sp= stress at effective proportional limit, defined as Sy- SRC, Pa (psi) Sr= resultant stress, Pa (psi) Sra= resultant average

28、stress computed from several gages at one section, Pa (psi) SRC= maximum residual stress in compression, Pa (psi) Srm= maximum compression stress in a column computed from plane of buckling as established by several gages at one section, Pa (psi) Sy= stress at yield point, Pa (psi) S = equivalent un

29、iaxial stress, Pa (psi) t = horizontal distance from the load center to the front pad reaction center for each boom section under consideration, m (ft) v = Poissons ratio g68 = boom elevation angle, degrees g69 = jib offset angle, degrees g72 = strain, m/m (in/in) g72a= strain recorded from leg “a“

30、of rosette g72b= strain recorded from leg “b“ of rosette g72c= strain recorded from leg “c“ of rosette g72d= strain recorded from leg “d“ of rosette g72x= maximum principal strain g72y= minimum principal strain SAE J1063 Revised JUN2013 Page 7 of 23g84 = direction of principal stress, deg g80 = unit

31、s of strain, 10-6m/m (in/in) v = Poissons ratio g86o= tensile yield stress, Pa (psi) g86x= maximum principal stress, Pa (psi) g86y= minimum principal stress, Pa (psi) TO= shear yield stress, Pa (psi) 5. LIMITATIONS 5.1 This method applies to load-supporting structures as differentiated from power tr

32、ansmitting mechanisms. It is restricted to measuring stresses under static conditions, and a general observation after overload conditions. This method does not apply to lift capacity on tires. 5.2 Personnel competent in the analysis of structures and the use of strain-measuring instruments are requ

33、ired to perform the tests. 6. METHOD OF LOADING 6.1 Suspended Load The specified load suspended at the specified radius and held stationary a few inches off the ground while strain readings are taken. NOTE: The weight of the hook, block, slings, and rigging is considered as live load and shall be in

34、cluded as part of the specified suspended load. Hoisting rope is not considered part of live load. 6.2 Side Load When the test condition requires side load, this load shall be applied horizontally and normal to the plane containing the axis of superstructure rotation and the centerline of the undefl

35、ected boom. Use manufacturers specified reeving, and with the hoist line leaving the drum from an arbitrary position, the side load shall be applied as 3% (0.03 RL) in each direction, with the boom over the end of the machine, record N3for each direction. (See 3.8 and note in 9.4.4.) NOTE: Side load

36、ing is applied to simulate the dynamic effects associated with machine operation including a 9 m/s (20 mph) wind loading that can be encountered. 6.3 Deadman Load Deadman loading may be used, but caution shall be exercised to assure accurate simulation of live load testing, especially with respect t

37、o side loads. Positioning with this system is difficult. Deadman loading is not acceptable for tests 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, and 12 in Table 1. SAE J1063 Revised JUN2013 Page 8 of 237. FACILITIES, APPARATUS, AND MATERIAL 7.1 A concrete or other firm supporting surface, sufficiently large enough to provide fo

38、r unobstructed accomplishment of the tests required. Where tests are to be performed on crawler tracks, the machine shall be level within 0.25% grade. 7.2 Means to measure levelness of the axis of the boom foot; accuracy 0.1% of grade. 7.3 Means for determining the load radius to an accuracy of g114

39、 1% not to exceed 0.2 m (6 in). 7.4 Means for producing transverse displacement of the suspended load and means for measuring the magnitude of the displacing force; accuracy g1143% of measured force. 7.5 Strain Gages, Cement, Waterproofing Compounds, and Other Necessary Gage Installation Equipment T

40、emperature-compensated strain gages designed for bonding to the materials to be tested shall be used. The gage factor shall have a tolerance within g1141%, gage resistance shall have a tolerance within g1140.3% for single element gages and g1140.4% for multiple element gages. Gages shall conform wit

41、h ASTM E 251. SAEJ1063 RevisedJUN2013 Page9 of23TABLE 1 - CANTILEVER BOOMCRANE TESTSTestNo. Test Conditions SelectApplyPurpose isto TestTested Componentsand Strength MarginsCarrierSuper-structure Boomand jibSuspension(except rope)1 Max(RR g117RL) with largest rated load allowed at this loadmomentRL

42、and position superstructurein allowed rotationrange toobtainmaximum straininmembertested Outriggerandcarrier frameformaximum liveload moment a. Over end Y Y - - b. Over sideY - - - 2 Max(RR g117RL) with longest boomatthis loadmomenta. RL and side loadTelescopicboom overlap effects, hoistor suspensio

43、nsystem, superstructure and turntable bearingsystem- Y Y Y b. 1.25RL ortipping load, whichever isless,overendBoom buckling, hoist cylinder, orsuspensionsystem - Z Z Z 3 Maxboom length, then max(RR g117RL) a. RL and side loadTelescopicboom overlap effect- - Y Y b. 1.25RL ortipping load, whichever isl

44、ess,overendBoom buckling and sidebending effect- ZZ - 4 Maxboom length then min attainable RR a. RL and side loadSide bending ofboom,side load effect on superstructure - Y Y Y b. 1.25RL ortipping, whichever is less, over end Extension cylinder buckling,boom bending effect, hoist cylinderbuckling, or

45、suspension system- Z Z Z 5 Maxnumerical load, then shortestboomandmin (RR)a. RL and positionsuperstructure where minimum radiuscan beobtainedBoom pointintegrity,foot pinforce, turntable bearing system- Y Y - b. 1.25RL ortipping, whichever is lessSuspension system-Z Z Z 6 Max(jib RLg117JLg117cosg68-

46、g69),then longest boom and jib specified a. RL and side loadIntegrityof jib, boom point, and boomtop section - - Y Y b. 1.25RL over end, or tippingwhichever is less - - Z Z SAEJ1063 RevisedJUN2013 Page10of23TABLE 1 - CANTILEVER BOOMCRANE TESTS (CONTINUED) TestNo. Test Conditions SelectApplyPurpose i

47、sto TestTested Componentsand Strength MarginsCarrierSuper-structure Boomand jibSuspension(except rope)7 Max(jib RL g117JLg117sing69) then longest boomspecified a. RL and side loadTorsional effects of jiboffset onboomandjib- - Y Y b. 1.25RL over end or tipping,whichever is less - - Z Z 8 Maxboom angl

48、e,maxboom length,maxspecifiedjib atminimum offseta. RL and side loadIntegrityand stabilityof boomand jib- - Y Y b. 1.25RL over end or tipping,whichever is less - - Z Z 9 Maxallowable RL with boom extended 1 to3 in(25to 76mm) at min RR1.25 RL over end or tipping, whichever is less Boom extension cyli

49、nder attachments - - Z Z 10Max(RL g117t) for eachsection. With the largest rated load allowed at thisload momenta. RL and side loadBendingeffects onmanual and powered sections at random boom anglesand sectionextension - - Y - b. 1.25RL over end or tipping,whichever is less - - Z - 11Maximum AuxiliaryOutrigger Loada. RLIntegrityof auxiliaryoutrigger and carrierframeY