SAE AMS-STD-2154C-2017 Inspection Ultrasonic Wrought Metals Process for.pdf

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1、 _ SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirely voluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising ther

2、efrom, is the sole responsibility of the user.” SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be revised, reaffirmed, stabilized, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions. Copyright 2017 SAE International All rights reserved. No part of this

3、publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of SAE. TO PLACE A DOCUMENT ORDER: Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) Tel: +1 724-776-49

4、70 (outside USA) Fax: 724-776-0790 Email: CustomerServicesae.org SAE WEB ADDRESS: http:/www.sae.org SAE values your input. To provide feedback on this Technical Report, please visit http:/standards.sae.org/AMSSTD2154C AEROSPACE MATERIAL SPECIFICATION AMS-STD-2154 REV. C Issued 1998-03 Reaffirmed 200

5、5-09 Revised 2017-05 Superseding AMS-STD-2154B Inspection, Ultrasonic, Wrought Metals, Process for RATIONALE AMS-STD-2154C results from a concurrent ballot to correct mis-numbered paragraphs which appeared in Revision B. To facilitate identification of those requirements which changed relative to Re

6、vision A, revision bars in the left margin indicate such changes. NOTICE The original issue of this document was taken directly from U.S. Military Specification MIL-STD-2154. This document is intended to replace MIL-STD-2154. Any part numbers established by the original specification remain unchange

7、d. The original military specification was adopted as an SAE standard under the provisions of the SAE Technical Standards Board (TSB) Rules and Regulations (TSB 001) pertaining to accelerated adoption of government specifications and standards. TSB rules provide for (a) the publication of portions o

8、f unrevised government specifications and standards without consensus voting at the SAE Committee level, and (b) the use of the existing government specification or standard format. Any material relating to qualified product lists has not been adopted by SAE. This material was part of the original m

9、ilitary specification and is reprinted here for historic reference only. FOREWORD This document supersedes MIL-I-8950B and MIL-STD-2154, Inspection, Ultrasonic, Wrought Metals, Process. The purpose of AMS-STD-2154 is to standardize the process for applying ultrasonic inspection in the evaluation of

10、wrought metals and wrought metal products. SAE INTERNATIONAL AMS-STD-2154C Page 2 of 30 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. SCOPE 4 1.1 Purpose . 4 1.2 Application . 4 1.2.1 Wrought Aluminum Alloy Products . 4 1.3 Classification . 4 1.3.1 Type 4 1.3.2 Class . 4 2. APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS 4 2.1 SAE Publications . 4 2.

11、2 ASTM Publications 5 2.3 AIA Publications 5 3. DEFINITIONS . 5 3.1 A-Scan Presentation . 5 3.2 Angle Beam Examination 5 3.3 Attenuation 6 3.4 Back Surface Resolution . 6 3.5 C-Scan Presentation . 6 3.6 Decibel (dB) 6 3.7 Distance-Amplitude Correction (DAC) 6 3.8 Entry Surface Resolution 6 3.9 Far F

12、ield 6 3.10 Horizontal Linearity Range 6 3.11 Horizontal Limit . 6 3.12 Linear Array Probes 6 3.13 Lower Linearity Limit . 7 3.14 Near Field 7 3.15 Noise . 7 3.16 Primary Reference Response . 7 3.17 Signal to Noise Ratio . 7 3.18 Straight Beam Examination 7 3.19 Transducer Element 7 3.20 Ultrasonic

13、Sensitivity . 7 3.21 Ultrasonic Penetration . 8 3.22 Upper Linearity Limit . 8 3.23 Vee-Path . 8 3.24 Vertical Limit 8 3.25 Virtual Probe . 8 4. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS . 8 4.1 Specifying 8 4.2 Personnel Qualification . 8 4.3 Written Procedure . 8 4.4 General Procedures 9 5. DETAIL REQUIREMENTS 9 5.1 M

14、aterials 9 5.1.1 Couplants 9 5.1.2 Standard Test Block Materials 10 5.2 Equipment . 10 5.2.1 Electronic Equipment 10 5.2.2 Alarm . 10 5.2.3 Voltage Regulator . 10 5.2.4 Transducers 10 5.2.5 Rectangular “Paintbrush” Transducers . 11 5.2.6 Transducer Attachments . 11 5.2.7 Tank 11 5.2.8 Manipulating E

15、quipment 11 SAE INTERNATIONAL AMS-STD-2154C Page 3 of 30 5.3 Reference Standards 12 5.3.1 Reference Standards for Straight Beam Inspection . 12 5.3.2 Reference Standards for Angle Beam Inspection . 12 5.3.3 Verification 13 5.3.4 Alternate Reference Reflectors . 13 5.4 Inspection Procedures 13 5.4.1

16、General 13 5.4.2 Coverage . 13 5.4.3 Scanning Speed 14 5.4.4 Ultrasonic Frequency 14 5.4.5 Water Travel Path for Immersion Method (Type I) . 14 5.4.6 Surface Preparation 14 5.4.7 Visual Inspection . 14 5.4.8 Reference Standards 14 5.4.9 Preparation for Standardization (Type I) . 14 5.4.10 Distance-A

17、mplitude Correction Curve . 15 5.4.11 Part Thickness Increases 15 5.4.12 Scanning Index-Determination (Type I) 15 5.4.13 Establishment of Scanning Gain (Type I) . 15 5.4.14 Scanning . 16 5.4.15 Transfer Technique . 16 5.4.16 Evaluation of Discontinuities . 16 5.4.17 Corrosion Protection . 17 5.5 Qua

18、lity Assurance Provisions . 17 5.5.1 Responsibility for Inspection . 17 5.5.2 System Performance . 17 5.5.3 Data Records 17 5.5.4 Acceptance Classes 17 5.5.5 Rejection . 17 5.6 Packaging . 18 5.6.1 Marking 18 6. NOTES 18 Figure 1 Deleted 21 Figure 2 Deleted 21 Figure 3 Convex surface reference stand

19、ard configuration for longitudinal wave inspection of parts . 22 Figure 4 Standard ultrasonic test block for angle beam examination . 23 Figure 5 Hollow cylindrical standards 24 Figure 6 Geometry of flat-bottom holes in hollow cylindrical standards 25 Figure 7 International institute of welding (iiw

20、) ultrasonic reference block 26 Figure 8A Relevant amplitude versus hole size 27 Figure 8B dB conversion for FBH size 28 Figure 9 Relation of dB scales and the commonly used % age scale 28 Figure 10 Angle of refraction and beam off-set for cylindrical standards 29 Figure 11 Surface resolution requir

21、ements for ultrasonic inspection of aluminum forgings . 29 Figure 12 Coverage diagram for spherically focused transducers showing unacceptable and acceptable areas of coverage . 30 Table 1 Recommended standard test block materials . 19 Table 2 Electronic equipment requirements 19 Table 3 Deleted 20

22、Table 4 Flat surface reference standard metal travel 20 Table 5 Surface resolution requirements (except for aluminum forgings) . 20 Table 6 Ultrasonic classes . 21 Table 7 Round bar and billet reference standard configuration for longitudinal wave inspection . 21 SAE INTERNATIONAL AMS-STD-2154C Page

23、 4 of 30 1. SCOPE 1.1 Purpose The purpose of this standard is to provide uniform methods for the ultrasonic inspection of wrought metals and wrought metal products. 1.2 Application The methods for ultrasonic inspection in this standard are applicable in the detection of flaws in wrought metals and w

24、rought metal products having a cross section thickness equal to 0.250 inch or greater. Round bar and billet may use AMS2628 techniques and equipment for billet over 4.5 inches using the acceptance criteria of Table 6 of AMS-STD-2154. Wrought metals include forging stock, forgings, rolled billet or p

25、late, extruded or rolled bars, extruded or rolled shapes, and parts made from them. Application of the methods in this standard is not intended for non-metals, welds, castings, or sandwich structures. 1.2.1 Wrought Aluminum Alloy Products Requirements for ultrasonic inspection of aluminum alloy wrou

26、ght products, except as noted below, shall be in accordance with ASTM B594: a. Ultrasonic inspection of machined aluminum alloy parts shall be in accordance with this standard. 1.3 Classification The ultrasonic inspection methods in this standard shall be classified as follows: 1.3.1 Type a. I - Imm

27、ersion method b. II - Contact method 1.3.2 Class Five ultrasonic acceptance classes shall be as defined in Table 6. 2. APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS The issue of the following documents in effect on the date of the purchase order forms a part of this specification to the extent specified herein. The supplier

28、 may work to a subsequent revision of a document unless a specific document issue is specified. When the referenced document has been cancelled and no superseding document has been specified, the last published issue of that document shall apply. 2.1 SAE Publications Available from SAE International

29、, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) or +1 724-776-4970 (outside USA), www.sae.org. AMS2628 Ultrasonic Immersion Inspection Titanium and Titanium Alloy Billet Premium Grade AMS2632 Inspection, Ultrasonic, of Thin Materials 0.50 Inch (12.7 mm)

30、 and Under in Cross-Sectional Thickness AMS4928 Titanium Alloy Bars, Wire, Forgings, Rings, and Drawn Shapes 6Al - 4V Annealed AMS-QQ-A-200/3 Aluminum Alloy 2024, Bar, Rod, Shapes, Tube, and Wire, Extruded SAE INTERNATIONAL AMS-STD-2154C Page 5 of 30 AMS-QQ-A-200/11 Aluminum Alloy 7075, Bar, Rod, Sh

31、apes, Tube, and Wire, Extruded AMS-QQ-A-225 Aluminum and Aluminum Alloy, Bar, Rod, Wire, or Special Shapes; Rolled, Drawn, or Cold Finished; General Specification For AMS-S-5000 Steel, Chrome-Nickel-Molybdenum (E4340) Bars and Reforging Stock 2.2 ASTM Publications Available from ASTM International,

32、100 Barr Harbor Drive, P.O. Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, Tel: 610-832-9585, www.astm.org. ASTM A36 Carbon Structural Steel ASTM B107 Magnesium-Alloy Extruded Bars, Rods, Profiles, Tubes, and Wire ASTM B221 Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy Extruded Bars, Rods, Wire, Profiles, and Tubes ASTM

33、 B241/B241M Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy Seamless Pipe and Seamless Extruded Tube ASTM B594 Ultrasonic Inspection of Aluminum-Alloy Wrought Products ASTM E127 Fabrication and Control of Aluminum Alloy Ultrasonic Standard Reference Blocks ASTM E317 Performance Characteristics of Ultrasonic Pulse-Echo

34、Testing Instruments and Systems Without the Use of Electronic Measurement Instruments ASTM E428 Fabrication and Control of Metal, Other Than Aluminum, Reference Blocks Used in Ultrasonic Testing ASTM E1158 Standard Guide for Material Selection and Fabrication of Reference Blocks for the Pulsed Longi

35、tudinal Wave Ultrasonic Testing of Metal and Metal Alloy Production Material ASTM E1316 Standard Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations 2.3 AIA Publications Available from Aerospace Industries Association, 1000 Wilson Boulevard, Suite 1700, Arlington, VA 22209-3928, Tel: 703-358-1000, www.aia-a

36、erospace.org. NAS-410 NAS Certification low alloy high strength steels, such as NAX, T-1, 300M; straight carbon steels and H-11 tool steels) 4340 annealed AMS-S-5000 Table 2 - Electronic equipment requirements Instrument Characteristics Minimum Ultrasonic Test Frequency (MHz) 6/ 1 4/ 2-1/4 5 10 15 4

37、/ Vertical limit, deflection in inches from baseline 7/ 2.5 Upper linearity limit, % of full scale 7/ 95 Lower linearity limit, % of full scale 7/ 10 Ultrasonic sensitivity % 100 1/ 50 3/ 100 3/ 100 3/ 100 3/ Signal-to-noise ratio 10:1 1/ 10:1 1/ 10:1 1/ 10:1 1/ 10:1 1/ Entry surface resolution, in

38、aluminum, inches 1.5 2/ 0.7 3/ 0.5 3/ 0.3 3/ 0.2 3/, 5/ Back surface resolution in aluminum, inch 0.75 1/ 0.3 3/ 0.2 3/ 0.1 3/ 0.1 3/, 5/ Horizontal limit 7/ Full scale Horizontal linearity range, % of horizontal limit 7/ 85 Gain or attenuator accuracy 7/ 2 dB per 20 dB of control range 1/ ASTM refe

39、rence block 2-0300 (see ASTM E127). 2/ ASTM reference block 3-0150 (see ASTM E127). 3/ ASTM reference block 1-0300 (see ASTM E127). 4/ The 1 MHz and 15 MHz requirements are applicable only when these frequencies are to be used and are not specific requirements for all instruments. 5/ The resolution

40、shall be accomplished if the intercept of the response separating the flaw from the surface is within 40% (of total screen height) from the baseline. 6/ Higher frequency pulser receivers may be used for entry surface resolution applications for sound metal travels less than 0.2 inch without satisfyi

41、ng the other instrument characteristics. 7/ This shall be performed once at any frequency. SAE INTERNATIONAL AMS-STD-2154C Page 20 of 30 Table 3 - Deleted Table 4 - Flat surface reference standard metal travel Depth of Discontinuity (Inches) Reference Standard Metal Travel Distance Tolerance (Inches

42、) Up to 1/4 1/4 to 1 1 to 3 3 to 6 Over 6 1/16 1/8 1/4 1/2 10% of metal travel Table 5 - Surface resolution requirements (except for aluminum forgings) Material Thickness (t) Resolution Requirements Forgings/Re-Forgings Other Materials Up to 1.25 inches 1.25 inches and over 1/4 inch 1/4 inch 1/8 inc

43、h 1/10 t 2.5 inches and over 1/10 t or 1/2 inch, whichever is less SAE INTERNATIONAL AMS-STD-2154C Page 21 of 30 Table 6 - Ultrasonic classes Class Single Discontinuity Response 1/, 7/ Multiple Discontinuities 2/, 6/, 8/ Linear Discontinuity - Length and Response 3/, 8/ Loss of Back Reflection - Per

44、cent 4/ Noise 5/ AAA 25% of 3/64 10% of 3/64 1/8 inch-10% of 3/64 response 50 Alarm level AA 3/64 2/64 1/2 inch-2/64 response 50 Alarm level A 5/64 3/64 1 inch-3/64 response 50 Alarm level B 8/64 5/64 1 inch-5/64 response 50 Alarm level C 8/64 Not applicable Not applicable 50 Alarm level 1/ Any disc

45、ontinuity with an indication greater than the response from a reference flat-bottom hole or equivalent notch at the estimated discontinuity depth of the size given (inches diameter) is not acceptable. 2/ Multiple discontinuities with indications greater than the response from a reference flat-bottom

46、 hole or equivalent notch at the estimated discontinuity depth of the size given (inches diameter) are not acceptable if the centers of any two of these discontinuities are less than 1 inch apart. Not applicable to class C. 3/ Any discontinuity longer than the length given with indications greater t

47、han the response given (flat-bottom hole or equivalent notch response) is not acceptable. Not applicable to class C. 4/ Loss of back reflection greater than the % given, when compared to non-defective material in a similar or like part, is not acceptable when this loss of back reflection is accompan

48、ied by an increase or decrease in noise signal (at least double the normal background noise signal) between the front and back surface. Applicable only to straight beam tests. 5/ Noise which exceeds the alarm level setting (see 5.2.2 and 5.14.3.1) is not acceptable. 6/ When inspecting titanium to cl

49、ass AA, the multiple discontinuity separation shall be 1/4 inch. 7/ For Class AAA Single Discontinuity, 50% of 2/64 = 25% of 3/64. 8/ For Class AAA Linear and Multiple Discontinuities, 1/64 or 25% of 2/64 = 10% of 3/64. Table 7 - Round bar and billet reference standard configuration for longitudinal wave inspection Round Bar/Billet Diameter (T) Required Test Metal Distance (TMD) for Flat Bottom Hole (FBH) reflectors Al