SAE AMS 2634B-1996 Ultrasonic Inspection Thin Wall Metal Tubing《超声波检查薄壁金属导管》.pdf

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1、_ SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirely voluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising there

2、from, is the sole responsibility of the user.” SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be reaffirmed, revised, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions. Copyright 2013 SAE International All rights reserved. No part of this publication m

3、ay be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of SAE. TO PLACE A DOCUMENT ORDER: Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) Tel: +1 724-776-4970 (outside U

4、SA) Fax: 724-776-0790 Email: CustomerServicesae.org SAE WEB ADDRESS: http:/www.sae.org SAE values your input. To provide feedback on this Technical Report, please visit http:/www.sae.org/technical/standards/AMS2634B AEROSPACE MATERIAL SPECIFICATION AMS2634 REV. B Issued 1980-04 Revised 1996-11 Reaff

5、irmed 2013-06 Superseding AMS2634A Ultrasonic Inspection Thin Wall Metal Tubing RATIONALE AMS2634B has been reaffirmed to comply with the SAE five-year review policy. 1. SCOPE:1.1 Purpose:This specification covers procedures for ultrasonic inspection of thin wall metal tubing of titanium,titanium al

6、loy, and corrosion and heat resistant steels and alloys having nominal OD over0.1875 inch (4.762 mm) with OD to wall thickness ratio of 8 or greater and wall thicknessvariation not exceeding 10% of nominal.1.2 Application:This process has been used typically for locating internal defects, such as cr

7、acks, voids, seams,and other discontinuities, which may or may not be exposed to the surface, but usage is notlimited to such applications.2. APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS:The following publications form a part of this specification to the extent specified herein. Theapplicable issue of referenced publicatio

8、ns shall be the issue in effect on the date of the purchaseorder.2.1 ASTM Publications:Available from ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959.ASTM E 1065 Guide for Evaluating Characteristics of Ultrasonic Search UnitsSAE AMS2634B Page 2 of 16 2.22.32.4 ASNT Publications:2.5 ATA

9、 Publications:U.S. Government Publications:Available from DODSSP, Subscription Services Desk, Building 4D, 700 Robbins Avenue,Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094.MIL-STD-410 Nondestructive Testing Personnel, Qualification and Certification (Eddy Current,Liquid Penetrant, Magnetic Particle, Radiographic, and

10、 Ultrasonic)ANSI Publications:Available from American National Standards Institute, Inc., 11 West 42nd Street, New York, NY10036-8002.ANSI B46.1 Surface TextureAvailable from American Society for Nondestructive Testing, Inc., 4153 Arlingate Plaza, P.O.Box 28518, Columbus, OH 43228-0518.SNT-TC-1A Rec

11、ommended Practice, Personnel Qualification and Certification in NondestructiveTestingAvailable from Air Transport Association, 1301 Pennsylvania Avenue, Suite 1100, WashingtonDC 20004-1707.ATA-105 Guidelines for Training and Qualifying Personnel in Nondestructive Testing3. TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS:3.1

12、 Qualification/Certification:3.1.1 Personnel: Shall be qualified and certified in accordance with MIL-STD-410. Alternateprocedures (i.e. ASNT-TC-1A or ATA-105) may be used if specified by the drawing or purchaseorder. It is the suppliers responsibility to ensure that personnel are certified and func

13、tion withinthe limits of the applicable specification or procedure.3.1.2 Facilities: Shall be subject to survey and approval by purchaser of the inspected product.Ultrasonic test facility equipment shall include, but not be limited to, the basic ultrasonic testinstrument, search units (transducers),

14、 appropriate ultrasonic reference standards, fixtures,tube handling equipment, recorders, reference specifications, and documentation necessary toverify the qualification of equipment and test personnel.SAE AMS2634B Page 3 of 16 3.2.13.2.1.13.2 Ultrasonic Test System:Basic Ultrasonic Test Instrument

15、: Shall be capable of producing, receiving, amplifying, anddisplaying on a cathode ray tube (CRT) high frequency signals at specific frequencies asrequired. The ultrasonic instrument shall be of a pulse-reflection (echo), pulse-transmissiontype capable of operation at frequencies of 2.0 MHz or highe

16、r. The instrument shall be capableof being adapted to electronic circuitry, such as flaw gates, distance amplitude corrections, andalarms, that can aid in testing and interpretation of flaw signals. The instrument shall have aminimum dynamic range of 30 decibels (dB) and shall have a transmit/receiv

17、er crosstalkseparation of at least 40 decibels.3.2.1.23.2.1.33.2.1.4Instrument Sensitivity: Instrument sensitivity or gain controls shall function so that a givenamount or degree of sensitivity can be repeated, or returned to, with a pip height accuracy of10%. If signal attenuators are used, they sh

18、all be accurate over the attenuation range andtest frequency used so that attenuation measurement will represent an amplitude ratio within10% of the correct value. The dB attenuation value may be converted to an amplitude ratioby use of tables with dB versus voltage ratios. Alternatively, it may be

19、calculated from therelationship shown in Equation 1.Amplitude Ratio = log10-1(Eq.1)Pulse Repetition Rate: The repetition rate of the pulser/receiver shall be calibrated at leastsemi-annually to an accuracy of 10% or better. If the pulse repetition rate is variable, theadjustment pot shall have its m

20、ovement calibrated for direct readout. When there are otheradjustments which can affect the pulse repetition rate, these should be noted and positionsfixed if the measured pulse repetition rate is used in the equation in 3.5.1.3. Otherwise, thelowest value that can be obtained with any adjustment sh

21、all be used for determining pulserepetition rate.Voltage Regulation: If fluctuations in line voltage cause variations in the displayed signalamplitude or sweep length of 2.5% or greater of full screen height in a signal with anamplitude equal to one-half of the vertical limit of the instrument, a po

22、wer source voltageregulator shall be used. If fluctuations persist, proper adjustments to instrument or powersource shall be made so that the system will operate within the 2.5% limits. Battery poweredsystems are exempt from this requirement, but such systems shall not be operated when thepower sour

23、ce is below the level to achieve full vertical and horizontal display as viewed on theCRT graticule.Automatic Monitoring System: The test system shall be monitored automatically by using arecorder, by automatic marking of the tubes, by line shut down, or by an automatic tubesorting system such that

24、an operators continuous attention is not required during operation.3.2.1.4.1 Recorders: Recordings shall be produced by a strip chart recorder with a drive speed ratioand tolerance such that the actual linear location of a tube defect may be determined fromthe chart with an accuracy of 0.5 inch (13

25、mm). The recorder shall be interpreted as anevent marker to indicate that one or more ultrasonic pulse returns have exceeded thedB20SAE AMS2634B Page 4 of 16 3.2.1.4.1 (Continued)rejection alarm level at a known (0.5 inch (13 mm) linear location on the tube. Therecorder shall have a response equival

26、ent to, or faster than, the pulse repetition rate of thepulser/receiver of the ultrasonic system or the automatic gating system shall be equippedwith a pulse stretcher, a one shot multi-vibrator capable of being turned off and on, a pulsecounter and a recorder combination, or other means which will

27、make it impossible for morethan one pulse to remain unrecorded; alternatively, the throughput may be adjusted to becompatible with the frequency response of the recorder, in which case the frequencyresponse of the recorder shall be used in determining the maximum RPM as required by3.5.1.3. The pulse

28、s may be recorded as one response or as individual pulses. The systemshall be checked at least semi-annually.3.2.1.4.2 Electronic Gating: The gating system of the ultrasonic response shall trigger on the initialpulse of the pulser/receiver.3.2.2 Ultrasonic Search Units: Unless use of other types of

29、transducers is approved by purchaser ofthe product to be inspected, all search units shall be serialized and tested in accordance withASTM E 1065 before being placed in service. All performance parameters listed below shall bemeasured and recorded. In addition, where specific values are delineated,

30、they shall be met orthe search unit shall not be used for inspection to this specification.3.2.2.1 The center frequency shall be not less than 5 MHz for search units used for titanium tubingand not less than 2 MHz for corrosion-resistant steel tubing and shall be within 1O% of thespecified frequency

31、.3.2.2.2 The band width shall be not greater than 2O% of the specified frequency.3.2.2.3 The damping factor shall be 4 to 8 half-cycles.3.2.2.4 The focal distance and the focal zone shall be determined using the appropriate ball reflector.The distance from the reflector to the transducer at the peak

32、 reflected amplitude shall be thefocal distance. The focal zone shall be determined as the range of distances from thereflector to the transducer within which the reflected amplitude does not drop below 50% ofthe peak amplitude (at the focal distance) (See Figure 1).SAE AMS2634B Page 5 of 16 3.2.2.5

33、 The sound beam shall be profiled at the focal distance in two perpendicular directions. Forline focused search units the directions shall be parallel to the axis of the cylindrical lens(longitudinal profile) and perpendicular to the axis of the cylindrical lens (transverse profile).The effective be

34、am diameter and/or width and length shall be measured at the focal distanceas follows:3.2.2.5.1 Using the proper ASTM E 1065 target reflector balls, the transducer profile shall bedisplayed on the CRT such that the peak amplitude within the profile is displayed at 88% offull scale screen amplitude.

35、The extremities of the effective beam diameter and/or widthand length shall be the points where the amplitude falls below 72% of full screen amplitude.The mean amplitude shall be 80% of the full screen amplitude and the reflected amplitudeshall not deviate more than 10% of the mean amplitude over th

36、e effective beam diameterand/or width and length. The effective beam diameter or width of an acceptable transducershall be 0.050 inch (1.27 mm) or less.3.2.2.6 The search units shall be reprofiled semi-annually to ensure that the sound beam symmetryand the effective beam diameter and/or width and le

37、ngth meet the requirements of 3.2.2.5.The profiling shall be performed in accordance with ASTM E 1065 and this specification,using the proper target reflector balls. The reprofiling may be performed on site.3.2.2.7 The use of lithium sulfate (nondominant) transducers is not recommended in conjunctio

38、n withbroad-banded ultrasonic receivers. Quartz or ceramic (dominant) transducers cut accuratelyto meet the frequency requirement of 3.2.2.1 are recommended for use with broad-bandedreceivers. Either dominant or nondominant transducers cut to the specified frequency may beused with narrow-banded rec

39、eivers.3.2.2.8 Serialized records for each search unit used in inspections shall be retained as required by3.4.2.3.2.3 Tube Handling System: The test system shall utilize the immersion or the bubbler (squirter)method. The system shall be capable of fully automatic, as well as manual, operation and s

40、hallinclude a powered feed system capable of maintaining a tube helix pitch and rotational speedwithin a tolerance of 10% of the rate established during calibration. The mechanical tuberotating and traversing system shall be checked initially and after any adjustment in the drivemechanism to ensure

41、that the limiting off-axis excursion of the tube is less than 0.005 inch(0.13 mm) in any direction at a sound entrance/exit point, measured at normal inspectionspeed. The system shall employ a tachometer or revolution counter for measuring therotational speed (RPM) of the tube but this device shall

42、not be in direct contact with the tube.3.2.3.1 A suitable water filtering and/or deaerating system may be used on-line to reduce the amountof entrained air and debris which would degrade the ultrasonic response. The water may beheated and the water temperature controlled to reduce the amount of entr

43、ained air.SAE AMS2634B Page 6 of 16 3.2.4 Ultrasonic References (Standards): Ultrasonic references are required for all inspections toestablish the performance of the inspection system and to interrelate the test results withreference reflectors.3.2.4.1 Material: The alloy and heat treat condition s

44、hall be nominally the same as the tube to beinspected. Also, the nominal OD, wall thickness, ovality, straightness, and dimensionaltolerances of the reference standard shall be within the requirements for the tube beingtested.3.2.4.2 Surface Condition: The surface texture shall be not rougher than 6

45、3 microinches (16 m) oninterior surfaces and 32 microinches (8 m) on exterior surfaces, defined in accordance withANSI B46.1. The surface shall be free of surface defects such as creases, laps, etc, whichwould produce an unusually high front-surface response. When production tubes are etchedprior to

46、 ultrasonic inspection, reference standards shall also be etched by the sameprocedure.3.2.4.3 Length: The length of the reference standard shall be sufficient to provide stability for settingup equipment and to allow the equipment to achieve stabilization at normal scanning speedand rotation.3.2.4.4

47、 Notch Configuration: Transverse and longitudinal reference notches shall be produced byelectrical discharge machining in the inner and outer surfaces of the standards. The end ofthe electrode used to generate transverse notches shall be curved to match the curvature ofthe standard being machined. T

48、he size of the notches is related to the acceptance class andshall be in accordance with 4.1. Figure 2 illustrates the accepted notch configuration and thedimensions referenced in 4.1. Figure 2 shows square corners but radii as great as 0.005 inch(0.13 mm) are acceptable at the bottom corners as ill

49、ustrated. Separation of the notchesfrom each other, from an end of the standard, or from identification marks in or on thereference standard shall be sufficient to avoid interference or interpretation difficulties. The IDand OD notches, both longitudinal and transverse, shall be straight within 4% of the notchlength and shall lie within 5.0 degrees of the longitudinal or transverse tube axis, asapplicable. All upset meta