SAE AIR 5396A-2015 Characterizations of Aircraft Icing Conditions.pdf
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1、_SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirely voluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising theref
2、rom, is the sole responsibility of the user.”SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be revised, reaffirmed, stabilized, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions.Copyright 2015 SAE InternationalAll rights reserved. No part of this publi
3、cation may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of SAE.TO PLACE A DOCUMENT ORDER: Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada)Tel: +1 724-776-4970 (out
4、side USA)Fax: 724-776-0790Email: CustomerServicesae.orgSAE WEB ADDRESS: http:/www.sae.orgSAE values your input. To provide feedbackon this Technical Report, please visithttp:/www.sae.org/technical/standards/AIR5396AAEROSPACEINFORMATION REPORTAIR5396 REV. AIssued 2001-03Revised 2015-08Superseding AIR
5、5396Characterizations of Aircraft Icing ConditionsRATIONALEThe information presented in the report is revised to reflect current icing certification procedures. The document is technically correct for Appendix C icing conditions, is mature and is not likely to change in the foreseeable future. There
6、 are additional icing condition definitions that have been developed to address supercooled large drop icing and mixed phase/ice crystal conditions. Addition of these icing conditions to this AIR would not fit within the scope of this document. Therefore, the document will not be revised in the futu
7、re and the intent is to stabilize the document at its five year review.1. SCOPEThis SAE Aerospace Information Report (AIR) provides various graphical displays of atmospheric variables related to aircraft icing conditions in natural clouds. It is intended as a review of recent developments on the sub
8、ject, and for stimulating thought on novel ways to arrange and use the available data. Included in this Report is FAR 25 (JAR 25) Appendix C, the established Aircraft Icing Atmospheric Characterization used for engineering design, development, testing and certification of civilian aircraft to fly in
9、 aircraft icing conditions.1.1 PurposeResearch on aircraft icing conditions in the atmosphere has been conducted intermittently since the 1940s. But, until recently, only the data gathered during the first few years of flight research had been condensed into extreme value envelopes and publicized fo
10、r use in the design of ice protection systems for aircraft. One purpose of this AIR is to assemble in one document some new ideas on displaying icing-related variables and using them for various applications.1.2 Field of ApplicationThis report presents atmospheric data that describes the aircraft ic
11、ing environment. The report contains four different approaches in displaying and using the data:1.2.1 Currently Accepted Civil Design Envelopes (“FAR-25, Appendix C“).1.2.2 U.S. Air Force Trial Design Envelopes.1.2.3 Distance-Based Envelopes.1.2.4 A Nomogram and Statistical Approach.SAE INTERNATIONA
12、L AIR5396A Page2of 472. REFERENCES2.1 Applicable References2.1.1 Lewis, W., “A Flight Investigation of the Meteorological Conditions Conducive to the Formation of Ice on Airplanes,” NACA TN 1393, 1947.2.1.2 Lewis, W., Kline, D.B., and Steinmetz, C.P., “A Further Investigation of the Meteorological C
13、onditions Conducive to Aircraft Icing,” NACA TN 1424, 1947.2.1.3 Bergrun, N.R. and Neel, C.B., “The Calculation of the Heat Required for Wing Thermal Ice Prevention in Specified Icing Conditions,” NACA TN 1472, 1947.2.1.4 Jones, A.R. and Lewis, W., “Recommended Values of Meteorological Factors to be
14、 Considered in the Design of Aircraft Ice-Prevention Equipment,” NACA TN 1855, 1949.2.1.5 Hacker, P.T. and Dorsch, R.G., “A Summary of Meteorological Conditions Associated with Aircraft Icing and a Proposed Method of Selecting Design Criterions for Ice-Protection Equipment,” NACA TN 2569, 1951.2.1.6
15、 Brun, R.J., Lewis, W., Perkins, P.J., and Serafini, J.S., “Impingement of Cloud Droplets on a Cylinder and Procedure for Measuring Liquid-Water Content and Droplet Sizes in Supercooled Clouds by Rotating Multicylinder Method,” NACA Report 1215, 1955 (supersedes NACA TN 2903, TN 2904 and RM E53D23).
16、2.1.7 Federal Aviation Regulations, Part 25 (FAR 25), “Airworthiness Standards: Transport Category Airplanes,” Appendix C, (Code of Federal Regulations, Title 14, Chapter 1, Part 25, Appendix C), Superintendent of Documents, Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402. This same document is kno
17、wn as JAR-25Appendix C by European Civil Airworthiness Authorities.2.1.8 Meeting No. 11 of SAE Subcommittee AC-9C Aircraft Icing Technology of the SAE Aircraft Division, Zurich, Switzerland, September 18-22, 1989.2.1.9 Jeck, R.K., “Analyses of Supercooled Cloud Variables for Aircraft Icing Condition
18、s Over the United States,” U.S. Department of Transportation/Federal Aviation Administration Report DOT/FAA/CT-86/20, 1986.2.1.10 Masters, C.O., “A New Characterization of Supercooled Clouds Below 10,000 Feet AGL,” U.S. Department of Transportation/Federal Aviation Administration Report DOT/FAA/CT-8
19、3/22, 1983.2.1.11 Jeck, R.K., “Advances in the Characterization of Supercooled Clouds for Aircraft Icing Applications,” U.S. Department of Transportation/Federal Aviation Administration Report DOT/FAA/AR-07/4.2.1.12 “Engines, Aircraft, Turbine,” JSSG-2007.2.1.13 “Aircraft Icing Handbook,“ DOT/FAA/CT
20、-88/8-1, March 1991.2.1.14 Bowden, D.T., et. al., Engineering Summary of Airframe Icing Technical Data,“ TR ADS-4, March 1964.2.1.15 Lewis, W., “Meteorological Aspects of Aircraft Icing,“ Comp. of Meteo., Am. Meteo. Soc., pg. 1197-1203, 1954.2.1.16 NAVAER 50-1C-528, November 1955.2.1.17 “Forecasters
21、 Guide on Aircraft Icing,” AWS/TR-80/001, March, 1980, Air Weather Service, Scott AFB, IL 62225, 58 p.2.1.18 Heath, E.D. one set for layered clouds (Figures B1A and B4A) and one set for convective clouds (Figures B1B and B4B). The four charts in each set are: Temperature versus Altitude, Liquid Wate
22、r Content versus Temperature, Liquid Water Content versus Altitude, and Horizontal Extent versus Liquid Water Content. The envelopes given represent 99.9% of icing conditions, that is, these data are the result of a 0.001 probability analysis (Reference 2.1.1). These envelopes are a compromise betwe
23、en environment definition and utility for engineers and designers. Note that these charts are preliminary and input from all interested parties is highly encouraged. The shortcomings and possible additions will be discussed later. Our hope is to coordinate the final version of these charts with all
24、of the DOD and with the future FAA envelopes so that, as much as possible, they are the same. We wish to alleviate the burden that two sets of criteria place on the manufacturers.3.2.4 Using the ChartsFigure B1A, Temperature versus Altitude encompasses 99.9% of icing conditions in layered clouds. Fi
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