SAE AIR 36108-2008 AS36100 Background and Development Record《AS36100背景和发展报告》.pdf

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1、_ SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirely voluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising there

2、from, is the sole responsibility of the user.” SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be revised, reaffirmed, stabilized, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions. Copyright 2013 SAE International All rights reserved. No part of this p

3、ublication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of SAE. TO PLACE A DOCUMENT ORDER: Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) Tel: +1 724-776-497

4、0 (outside USA) Fax: 724-776-0790 Email: CustomerServicesae.org SAE WEB ADDRESS: http:/www.sae.org SAE values your input. To provide feedback on this Technical Report, please visit http:/www.sae.org/technical/standards/AIR36108 AEROSPACE INFORMATION REPORT AIR36108 Issued 2008-07 Reaffirmed 2013-08

5、AS36100 Background and Development Record RATIONALE AIR36108 has been reaffirmed to comply with the SAE five-year review policy. TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. SCOPE 3 1.1 Purpose . 3 1.2 Field of Application 3 2. REFERENCES 3 2.1 Reference Documents. 3 2.2 Terms and Definitions . 5 3. AS36100A BACKGROUND INF

6、ORMATION 6 3.1 General Requirements 6 3.2 ULD Configurations. 10 3.3 Testing Restraint Conditions . 16 List of Appendixes and Attachments. 20 Appendix 1 (1 attachment, 5 pages) 22 Appendix 2 (1 attachment, 5 pages) 27 Appendix 3 (1 attachment, 4 pages) 32 Appendix 4 (2 attachments, 2 pages). 36 Appe

7、ndix 5 (1 attachment, 2 pages) 38 Appendix 6 (6 attachments, 10 pages) 40 Appendix 7 (8 attachments, 15 pages) 50 Appendix 8 (5 attachments, 10 pages) 65 Appendix 9 (3 attachments, 5 pages) 75 Appendix 10 (4 attachments, 6 pages) 80 Appendix 11 (8 attachments, 15 pages) 86 Appendix 12 (2 attachments

8、, 6 pages) 101 Appendix 13 (7 attachments, 13 pages) 107 Appendix 14 (4 attachments, 9 pages) 120 SAE INTERNATIONAL AIR36108 Page 2 of 128_ 1. SCOPE 1.1 Purpose 1.1.1 This Aerospace Information Report (AIR) provides a record of the development by SAE AGE-2A Air Cargo Sub-Committee of Aerospace Stand

9、ard AS36100, Air Cargo Unit Load Devices Performance Requirements and Test Parameters, published 2005-02, and its revision A published 2006-04, intended as a technical reference for airworthiness approval of air cargo unit load devices (pallets, nets and containers) to be loaded with either baggage

10、or freight on board civil transport aircraft, and to partly supersede previously used NAS 3610, Cargo unit load devices - Specification for Revision 10, 1990, referenced in TSO C90(c) . 1.1.2 AS36100 was developed over a 5 year period (1999-2004) by a Panel of SAE AGE-2A designated as “NAS 3610 Over

11、sight Panel“ (OSP), based on a worldwide industry consensus that NAS 3610, used since 1969 as technical reference for TSO C90(c), had become largely obsolescent, not properly understood by many of its users, and still contained errors while document sponsor AIA stated they were not going to update o

12、r revise this document. This consensus was initially reached at the International Standardization Organization (ISO) TC20/SC9 Air Cargo Sub-Committee meeting Nr 29 (1998, Memphis TN), which hence agreed to prepare a corrigendum (published 2001) to ISO 8097 (based on NAS 3610), and to entrust SAE AGE

13、-2A, on behalf of the industry, with identification of the needs for a replacement document. AGE-2A thus created in 1999 the OSP, which undertook a systematic review of the air cargo industrys actual requirements and the step by step development and discussion of AS 36100. AS36100 Revision A (publis

14、hed 2006-04) was subsequently developed in 2005 by AGE-2A in order to obviate the first editions identified shortcomings prior to expected TSO C90(d) publication. 1.1.3 The scope of the OSP work, thus the present AIR, also included other documents - some of which existed, some of which were subseque

15、ntly developed - associated with AS36100 or supplementing it, covering such other areas as continued airworthiness requirements, design and testing methods, unit load devices design specifications and accessories, and rules for their proper operation/utilization and operating staff training. A list

16、of the identified areas is provided under 1.1 of AS36100. See 2.1.2 hereafter for other associated documents concerned. 1.2 Field of Application 1.2.1 The present AIR is intended to provide future users of AS36100, including Airworthiness Authorities, unit load devices designers, purchasers and oper

17、ators as well as civil transport aircraft and aircraft cargo systems or ULD designers within the industry, with the background and rationales of the requirements and parameters retained therein, in order to achieve full understanding of the technical justifications for these requirements. 1.2.2 In t

18、he same way, it is intended to provide AGE-2A members with means to re-examine provisions of AS36100 for any future revisions resulting from operational experience or the evolutions of industry needs, while keeping track of the originally retained rationales. 1.2.3 It is intended such revisions will

19、 be evaluated by the AGE-2A permanent Airworthiness Panel established to continuously monitor AS36100 and the associated documents, and the rationales for these revisions documented and recorded at that time. 2. REFERENCES 2.1 Reference Documents The following publications form a part of this docume

20、nt to the extent specified herein or in AS36100. When referring to them, the latest issue of SAE publications shall apply. The applicable issue of other publications shall be the issue in effect on the date of publication of AS36100A (2006-04) or its latest revision. Nothing in these documents, howe

21、ver, supersedes applicable laws and regulations unless a specific exemption has been obtained. SAE INTERNATIONAL AIR36108 Page 3 of 128_ 2.1.1 SAE Publications Available from SAE International, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) or 724-776-49

22、70 (outside USA), www.sae.org. AS33601 Track and Stud Fitting for Cargo Transport Aircraft, Standard Dimensions for AS36100A Air Cargo Unit Load Devices - Performance Requirements and Testing Parameters AS36101 Air Cargo Unit Load Devices - Load Distribution Model AS36102 Air Cargo Unit Load Devices

23、 - Test Methods ARP36103 Air Cargo Unit Load Devices - Center of Gravity Control Methods ARP36104 Air Cargo Pallets and Nets Compatibility AIR36105 Air Cargo Unit Load Devices - Reference Standards Bibliography AIR36106 Air Cargo Unit Load Devices - Use of Airworthiness Reference Documents NOTE: Whe

24、re no revision number is indicated, check the latest published revision number on the SAE web site. Numerous other unit load device related SAE documents may also be concerned: see AIR36105. 2.1.2 U.S. Government Publications Available from U.S. Government Printing Office, Mail Stop SSOP, Washington

25、 DC 20402-9325, www.gpoaccess.gov/ecfr and the FAA website www.airweb.faa.gov/rgl. Title 14 CFR (FAR) Part 21 - Certification Procedures for Products and Parts, Subpart O - Technical Standard Order Authorizations FAA Technical Standard Order (TSO) C90, Cargo Pallets, Nets and Containers Title 14 CFR

26、 (FAR) Part 25 - Airworthiness Standards: Transport Category Airplanes 2.1.3 European Union Publications Available from European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA), Otto Platz 1, Kln Deutz, Postfach 101253, D-50452 Cologne, Germany, www.easa.eu.int. EASA CS-ETSO, Certification Specifications for European

27、 Technical Standard Orders European Technical Standard Order (ETSO) C90, Cargo Pallets, Nets and Containers EASA CS-25, Certification Specifications for Large Aeroplanes 2.1.4 AIA Publications Available from Aerospace Industries Association, 1000 Wilson Boulevard, Suite 1700, Arlington, VA 22209-392

28、8, Tel: 703-358-1000, www.aia-aerospace.org. NAS 3610 Cargo unit load devices - Specification for - Revision 10, 1990, referenced by TSO C90(c) SAE INTERNATIONAL AIR36108 Page 4 of 128_ 2.1.5 International Standards Available from American National Standards Institute, 25 West 43rd Street, New York,

29、 NY 10036-8002, Tel: 212-642-4900, www.ansi.org, or International Organization for Standardization, 1, rue de Varemb, Case postale 56, CH-1211 Geneva 20, Switzerland, Tel: +41 22 749 01 11, www.iso.org, or any of the national Standards Institutes worldwide, Members of ISO. ISO 7166 Aircraft - Rail a

30、nd stud configuration ISO 8097 Aircraft - Minimum airworthiness requirements and test conditions for certified air cargo unit load devices 4thedition, 2001, referenced by ETSO C90(c) ISO 9788 Air cargo equipment - Cast component of double-stud fitting assembly with a load capacity of 22 250 N (5000

31、lbf ) for aircraft cargo restraint ISO 11242 Aircraft - Pressure equalization requirements for cargo containers ISO 21100 Air cargo unit load devices - Performance requirements and test parameters ETSO C90(d) pending 2.1.6 IATA Publications IATA standard specifications concerning air cargo unit load

32、 devices were taken into consideration, and are published in the IATA Unit Load Devices Technical Manual (UTM), available from International Air Transport Association, Publications Assistant, 800 Place Victoria, P.O. Box 113, Montreal, Quebec H4Z1M1, Canada, or its web site at www.iata.org. 2.2 Term

33、s and Definitions For the purposes of the present AIR and listed documents, the following terms and definitions apply unless otherwise defined in the document: CIVIL TRANSPORT AIRCRAFT: An aircraft, type certificated under 14CFR Part 25 or EASA CS-25, operated for civil commercial transport of passe

34、ngers or freight, and capable of carrying air cargo unit load devices for baggage or freight. CONTAINER (AIR CARGO -): A rigid structure which interfaces directly with the aircraft cargo handling and restraint system and alone performs all the functions of a unit load device. INSTALLATION: The fact

35、of installing a unit load device for flight into an aircrafts cargo compartment and restraint system. NET (AIR CARGO PALLET -): A webbing or rope net for restraining load onto an air cargo pallet. PALLET (AIR CARGO -): A unit load device consisting of a flat platform with flat undersurface of standa

36、rd dimensions, on which goods are assembled and secured by a net before being loaded as a unit onto the aircraft, and which interfaces directly with the aircraft handling and restraint system. RESTRAINT SYSTEM: Equipment for supporting and restraining unit load devices in an aircraft against the gro

37、und/flight loads. It usually consists of such items as rollers, side guides and locks for securing unit load devices to the aircraft structure. It does not include unit load devices, barrier nets and tie-down straps. TYPE 1 ULD: A unit load device designed for use in an approved aircraft restraint s

38、ystem that conforms to all flight and ground cargo restraint and occupant protection requirements of Title 14 CFR Part 25, including the 9.0g forward ultimate inertia force of 25.561 (b)(3)(ii). SAE INTERNATIONAL AIR36108 Page 5 of 128_ TYPE 2 ULD: A unit load device designed for use in an approved

39、aircraft cargo compartment and restraint system that conforms to the flight and ground cargo restraint and occupant protection requirements of Title 14 CFR Part 25, except for the 9.0g forward ultimate inertia force of 25.561 (b)(3)(ii), which is complied with either by supplementary installation of

40、 a barrier net or bulkhead, or by specifying an approved placement of the ULD in the aircraft. UNIT LOAD DEVICE (ULD): Device for grouping, transferring and restraining cargo for transit. It may consist of a pallet with a net or it may be a container. UTILIZATION: All actions pertaining to operation

41、al use of a unit load device, including inspection, build-up, securing, ground transport, loading, and installation aboard aircraft. 3. AS36100A BACKGROUND INFORMATION The information hereafter is provided in order to identify the background and rationale for each item concerned in AS36100A (2006-04

42、). It is given in the sequence and numbering system of that document to indicate the source or decision process for each item. An X-X index cross-refers for each item to the appropriate technical discussion documents, reproduced in Appendixes to this AIR, where the same X-X index can be found. Appen

43、dixes are numbered from 1 through 14, indicating successive development sequences. Attachments used at each sequence are designated as e.g. 1A, 1B, 1C, for sequence 1, etc, and the second index figure indicates the relevant location in the Attachment. 3.1 General requirements part AS36100A Sections

44、1 to 6 Framed. numbering refers to the relevant paragraphs of AS36100A, in that documents sequence. General It was agreed AS36100 was to retain, inasmuch as possible, NAS 3610 wording verbatim in order to facilitate TSO compatibility. AS36100 nevertheless adds to NAS 3610 certain requirements where

45、justified by experience. Title . was agreed as “Performance and test parameters“, not “Specification“ as NAS 3610s, because both documents only cover these, not complete ULD specification criteria. 1. . No “9g” (type 1) ULD type was retained for AS36100, the ULD types of which are based on the estab

46、lished or foreseen 21stcentury air cargo market 1A-01 4A-01 6D-01. Also see 8B-01 9B-01 for cargo compartments classification. 1.1 . For all other aspects not included in AS36100, see bibliography (industry standards, not regulatory approved) in AIR36105 6F-01. 1.2 . The 2ndsentence was agreed to cl

47、arify and avoid interpretation ambiguities in the former NAS 3610, which was often misconstrued by users for an aircraft systems design standard while it exclusively addresses ULD approval criteria 6A-02. Also see .3.3 for more detailed clarification of ULD testing restraint conditions vs aircraft a

48、ctual restraint cases. The 3rdand 4thsentences were agreed to clarify the respective fields of application of AS36100 and maintained NAS 3610. ULD types not covered in AS36100, including all “9g”(type 1) ULDs, will still have to be approved in reference to NAS 3610. NOTE: Cargo covers, except where a net is inc